Ocean Towers Housing Corp. v. Evanston Insurance Company ( 2019 )

NOT FOR PUBLICATION FILED
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS JUN 14 2019
MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT
OCEAN TOWERS HOUSING No. 17-56838
CORPORATION, a California corporation,
D.C. No.
Plaintiff-Appellant, 2:15-cv-06461-DSF-E
v.
MEMORANDUM*
EVANSTON INSURANCE COMPANY, an
Illinois corporation,
Defendant-Appellee.
Appeal from the United States District Court
for the Central District of California
Dale S. Fischer, District Judge, Presiding
Argued and Submitted May 13, 2019
Pasadena, California
Before: NGUYEN and OWENS, Circuit Judges, and ANTOON,** District Judge.
Ocean Towers Housing Corporation appeals from the district court’s order
granting summary judgment in favor of Evanston Insurance Company in this
dispute over whether Evanston is obligated to defend or indemnify Ocean Towers
*
This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
**
The Honorable John Antoon II, United States District Judge for the
Middle District of Florida, sitting by designation.
in several underlying lawsuits. We have jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1291, and
we affirm.
Evanston issued two successive claims-made policies of Directors and
Officers and Organization Liability insurance to Ocean Towers for the policy
periods from December 10, 2013, to February 1, 2015, and from February 1, 2015,
to February 1, 2016. Ocean Towers tendered four lawsuits to Evanston for defense
and coverage during the first policy period, and one during the second policy
period. When Evanston declined to defend any of those suits, Ocean Towers
sought a declaration in the district court of Evanston’s obligations under the
policies. Ocean Towers also asserted claims of breach of contract and breach of
the implied covenant of good faith and fair dealing. On cross-motions for
summary judgment, the district court concluded that the Specific Matter Exclusion
in the Evanston policies barred potential coverage of any claim in the five
underlying lawsuits. The court thus concluded that Evanston owed no duty to
defend Ocean Towers in any of those suits and that in the absence of coverage,
Ocean Towers’ bad faith claim necessarily failed.
We review the district court’s grant of summary judgment de novo.
Westport Ins. Corp. v. Cal. Cas. Mgmt. Co., 916 F.3d 769, 773 (9th Cir. 2019).
“We also review its interpretation of state law and the insurance policies de novo.”
Id. Where, as here, “the underlying facts are not in dispute[,] ‘it is the duty of the
2
appellate court . . . to make its own independent determination of the meaning of
the language used in the instrument[s] under consideration.’” State Farm Mut.
Auto. Ins. Co. v. Partridge, 514 P.2d 123, 127 (Cal. 1973) (second and third
alterations in original) (quoting Bareno v. Emp’rs Life Ins. Co., 500 P.2d 889, 892
(Cal. 1972)).
1. Under California law, which governs this diversity case, an “insurer’s
duty to defend runs to claims that are . . . potentially covered, in light of facts
alleged or otherwise disclosed.” Buss v. Superior Court, 939 P.2d 766, 773 (Cal.
1997). “The determination whether the insurer owes a duty to defend usually is
made in the first instance by comparing the allegations of the complaint with the
terms of the policy.” Horace Mann Ins. Co. v. Barbara B., 846 P.2d 792, 795 (Cal.
1993). Here, the district court compared the allegations of the underlying
complaints with the terms of the Specific Matter Exclusion in the Evanston
policies and found no potential for coverage and thus no duty to defend.
On de novo review, our own comparison leads us to the same conclusion.
The Specific Matter Exclusion is very broad, excepting from coverage “Loss on
account of any Claim based upon, arising from, or in consequence of any fact,
circumstance or situation underlying or alleged in any Specific Matter or any
substantially similar fact, circumstance or situation.” It is undisputed that
“Specific Matter” included a prior lawsuit between Ocean Towers and National
3
Cooperative Bank (“NCB”). Like the district court, we conclude that all of the
claims asserted against Ocean Towers and its officers and directors in the five
underlying suits are barred by this exclusion. The claims either are “based upon,
aris[e] from, or [are] in consequence of any fact, circumstance or situation
underlying or alleged in” the NCB action or are “based upon, aris[e] from, or [are]
in consequence of . . . any substantially similar fact, circumstance or situation.”
We thus affirm based on the Specific Matter Exclusion.1
2. The district court correctly concluded that Ocean Towers’ bad faith
claim failed in the absence of coverage. None of the cases cited by Ocean Towers
supports its assertion that bad faith can be found under the circumstances of this
case.
AFFIRMED.2
1
Because we find that the Specific Matter Exclusion resolves this case,
we, like the district court, do not address the other policy provisions relied upon by
Evanston.
2
Ocean Towers’ request for judicial notice (Docket Entry No. 21) is
DENIED because it is “not relevant to the resolution of this appeal.” Santa
Monica Food Not Bombs v. City of Santa Monica, 450 F.3d 1022, 1025 n.2 (9th
Cir. 2006).
4