United States v. Julian Arquelao ( 2015 )

FILED
NOT FOR PUBLICATION JUN 09 2015
MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, No. 14-50134
Plaintiff-Appellee, D.C. No. 2:13-cr-00222-AG-1
v.
MEMORANDUM*
JULIAN LOPEZ ARQUELAO, AKA
Julian Lopez Hernandez, AKA Arguelao
Julian Lopez, AKA Julian Hernandez
Lopez, AKA Adolfo Hernandez Sanchez,
Defendant-Appellant.
Appeal from the United States District Court
for the Central District of California
Andrew J. Guilford, District Judge, Presiding
Argued and Submitted May 7, 2015
Pasadena, California
Before: LIPEZ**, WARDLAW, and MURGUIA, Circuit Judges.
*
This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by 9th Cir. R. 36-3.
**
The Honorable Kermit V. Lipez, of the United States Court of
Appeals for the First Circuit, sitting by designation.
Julian Lopez Arquelao ("Lopez") appeals his conviction and sentence for
being a previously deported alien found in the United States without permission in
violation of 8 U.S.C. §§ 1326(a), (b)(2). We affirm.
1. The district court properly denied Lopez's motion pursuant to 8 U.S.C. §
1326(d) to dismiss the indictment because his 2005 removal order was not
"fundamentally unfair." United States v. Ubaldo-Figueroa, 364 F.3d 1042, 1048
(9th Cir. 2004). Even assuming an Immigration Judge ("IJ") has a duty to inform a
non-citizen of his apparent eligibility for a U visa, Lopez was not eligible for U
visa interim relief in 2005 because he was an aggravated felon due to his assault
with a firearm conviction in 2004.
Furthermore, Lopez was deportable as charged. Although his 2000 removal
proceedings were terminated because the Immigration and Naturalization Service
("INS") ordered Lopez to remain in the United States so he could cooperate with
the Rampart Scandal investigation, that order did not permit Lopez to remain in the
United States indefinitely. Instead, the INS order stated that Lopez "will
immediat[e]ly surrender for removal upon demand." The INS requested Lopez's
removal in 2005, and, at his immigration hearing, Lopez admitted that he "did not
have legal permission to come" to the United States. Therefore, Lopez was present
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in the United States without being admitted or paroled and was deportable as
charged on this ground. See 8 U.S.C. § 1182(a)(6)(A)(i).
2. The district court properly considered and weighed the relevant 18 U.S.C.
§ 3553(a) factors at sentencing. Although the applicable Guidelines range was 70
to 87 months, the district court applied a two-level downward variance to reach its
57-month sentence in part due to Lopez's mitigating factors, specifically his
difficult past and his wrongful conviction as part of the Rampart Scandal. See
United States v. Carty, 520 F.3d 984, 996 (9th Cir. 2008) (noting that "the
sentencing judge set forth enough to satisfy [us] that he has considered the parties'
arguments and has a reasoned basis for exercising his own legal decisionmaking
authority" (alteration in original) (internal quotation marks omitted)).
The district court also expressly considered whether its sentence would
introduce an unwarranted sentencing disparity. See 18 U.S.C. § 3553(a)(6). The
disparity between Lopez's sentence and the average illegal reentry sentence of 19
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months1 was not unwarranted, due to a 16-level enhancement for Lopez's crime of
violence conviction and his criminal history category of V. Cf. United States v.
Marcial-Santiago, 447 F.3d 715, 719 (9th Cir. 2006) (holding that "disparity
between Appellants' sentences and the sentences imposed on similarly-situated
defendants . . . is not unwarranted" because disparity was justified by statute).
3. The below-Guidelines sentence was not substantively unreasonable.
Although Lopez has extensive familial ties inside the United States, he has a
significant criminal history, which consists of five felony convictions, including
three offenses committed less than ten years from the time of the instant offense.
The sentence was reasonable in light of Lopez's extensive criminal history.
Finally, the 16-level enhancement was not unreasonable as applied to Lopez.
The enhancement was warranted because Lopez's 2004 assault with a firearm
conviction was a crime of violence that receives criminal history points. See
U.S.S.G. § 2L1.2(b)(1)(A)(ii). His reliance on United States v. Amezcua-Vasquez,
567 F.3d 1050 (9th Cir. 2009), is misplaced because the defendant's crime of
1
The United States Sentencing Commission found that for the fiscal year
2012, the "average sentence length for illegal reentry offenders was 19 months."
United States Sentencing Commission, Quick Facts: Illegal Reentry Offenses,
available at http://www.ussc.gov/sites/default/files/pdf/research-and-publications/
quick-facts/Quick_Facts_Illegal_Reentry.pdf. However, according to the same
report, only 24.8% of those offenders received a 16-level enhancement and only
8.1% were in Category V. Id.
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violence conviction in that case took place 25 years prior to his unlawful entry, and
he had a "record of relative harmlessness to others for the past twenty years." Id. at
1058.
AFFIRMED.
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