United States v. Brogan Raymond ( 2020 )

NOT FOR PUBLICATION FILED
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS JUN 8 2020
MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, No. 19-35047
Plaintiff-Appellee, D.C. Nos. 1:18-cv-00057-SPW
1:14-cr-00037-SPW-1
v.
BROGAN YARDLEY RAYMOND, AKA MEMORANDUM*
Brogan Y. Raymond,
Defendant-Appellant.
Appeal from the United States District Court
for the District of Montana
Susan P. Watters, District Judge, Presiding
BROGAN YARDLEY RAYMOND, No. 18-73048
Applicant,
v.
JIM SALMONSEN,
Respondent.
Application to File Second or Successive
Petition Under 28 U.S.C. § 2255*
This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
Argued and Submitted March 5, 2020**
Portland, Oregon
Before: McKEOWN and PAEZ, Circuit Judges, and HUCK, *** District Judge.
Appellant Brogan Raymond (“Raymond”) contests the district court’s
dismissal of his motion under 28 U.S.C. § 2255 as an unauthorized second or
successive habeas petition. We have jurisdiction under §§ 1291 and 2255. We
review de novo the dismissal of a § 2255 motion for lack of jurisdiction. United
States v. Buenrostro, 638 F.3d 720, 721 (9th Cir. 2011) (per curiam). We affirm
the district court’s dismissal of Raymond’s motion, No. 19-35047, and deny
Raymond’s application for authorization to file a second or successive petition, No.
18-73048.
Under the Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act (“AEDPA”),
federal courts are presumptively barred from adjudicating “second or successive”
motions for habeas relief under § 2255. Buenrostro, 638 F.3d at 721. Before a
defendant can file a second or successive motion, he must first obtain authorization
from the court of appeal under the strict standards set forth in § 2255(h).
**
The panel unanimously concludes that case 18-73048 is suitable for
decision without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2).
***
The Honorable Paul C. Huck, United States District Judge for the U.S.
District Court for Southern Florida, sitting by designation.
2
Not all second-in-time motions for habeas relief qualify as “second or
successive” motions. See Brown v. Muniz, 889 F.3d 661, 667 (9th Cir. 2018), cert.
denied sub nom. Brown v. Hatton, 139 S. Ct. 841, 202 L. Ed. 2d 610 (2019).
However, a second-in-time motion is second or successive if it raises claims that
were or could have been adjudicated on the merits in an earlier motion. See Woods
v. Carey, 525 F.3d 886, 888 (9th Cir. 2008).
Raymond argues that his second § 2255 motion was not “second or
successive” for purposes of AEDPA because the district court never ruled on the
merits of the motion. In Raymond’s first motion, he argued that the Sentencing
Guidelines’ definition of “crime of violence” was unconstitutionally vague under
Johnson v. United States, 135 S. Ct. 2251 (2015). Although Johnson invalidated a
statutory provision in the Armed Career Criminal Act, Raymond argued that the
guideline used to enhance his sentence contained identical language as in Johnson.
Accordingly, Raymond requested that the court vacate his current sentence and
resentence him under the appropriate guideline range.
Several days after he filed his motion, the district court ordered the United
States to file an answer. On that same day, the United States Supreme Court
granted a petition for certiorari in Beckles v. United States, 137 S. Ct. 886 (2017).
Because Beckles presented the exact same issue raised by Raymond, the district
court stayed proceedings pending a decision by the Supreme Court.
3
The Supreme Court issued its decision on March 6, 2017. The Court held
that the advisory sentencing guidelines were not subject to Fifth Amendment
vagueness challenges, Beckles, 137 S. Ct. at 890, effectively foreclosing
Raymond’s pending claim.
Eight days after the Court decided Beckles, Raymond’s counsel moved the
court to defer ruling on the § 2255 motion. Raymond’s counsel explained that he
had “notified [Raymond] of the Beckles decision and its impact on his 28 U.S.C. §
2255 motion.” In light of these developments, Raymond’s counsel asked
Raymond for “consent to withdraw the § 2255 motion.” Counsel requested that
the district court defer its ruling on the § 2255 motion for fourteen days to allow
time for counsel to obtain Raymond’s consent.
The district court denied the motion. Reasoning that Raymond already had
fourteen days to consider his options after Beckles, the court found that “[i]t is now
time to proceed.” Accordingly, the court ordered the United States to “file an
answer to the § 2255 motion on or before April 17, 2017.”
In response, Raymond voluntarily dismissed his § 2255 motion. In his
notice of dismissal, Raymond declared that he “no longer s[ought] relief through
28 U.S.C. § 2255.” Because the government had not yet filed an answer as ordered
by the district court, Raymond sought dismissal without prejudice under Federal
Rule of Civil Procedure 41(a)(1)(A)(i).
4
Although Raymond never expressly admitted defeat, his counsel’s
correspondence with the court and the timing of the dismissal make clear that he
abandoned his vagueness claim in response to the Supreme Court’s decision in
Beckles v. United States, 137 S. Ct. 886 (2017). Indeed, Raymond raised no other
claims in his first motion except the theory expressly rejected by the Court in
Beckles. Moreover, the district court stayed the case until the Supreme Court
decided Beckles, after which Raymond promptly moved to dismiss. In his motion
to defer, Raymond’s counsel stated that he had “notified [Raymond] of the Beckles
decision and its impact on his 28 U.S.C. § 2255 motion.” And in his subsequent
notice of dismissal, Raymond stated that he “no longer s[ought] relief through 28
U.S.C. § 2255.” Unlike some other petitioners, Raymond has offered no
alternative basis for dismissing his motion. Cf. Haro-Arteaga v. United States ,
199 F.3d 1195, 1197 (10th Cir. 1999) (declining to apply the second-or-successive
bar because Haro-Arteaga explained that “he was making the motion [to dismiss]
to ‘avoid any delay in his pending transfer application to Mexico’”).
Under these circumstances, the dismissal of Raymond’s first § 2255 motion
was functionally equivalent to an adjudication of the merits. See Woods, 525 F.3d
at 888. Thus, his first motion qualified as a motion under § 2255. Therefore, the
district court did not err in dismissing his second-in-time § 2255 motion under
AEDPA’s prohibition on second or successive petitions.
5
We AFFIRM the district court’s dismissal of Raymond’s motion, No. 19-
35047. We also DENY Raymond’s request for authorization to file a second or
successive petition, No. 18-73048, because it fails to meet the standards under §
2255(h).
6