United States v. John Lyon , 661 F. App'x 478 ( 2016 )

FILED
NOT FOR PUBLICATION
SEP 02 2016
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, No. 15-30204
Plaintiff-Appellee, D.C. No. 4:14-cr-00057-BMM-2
v.
MEMORANDUM*
JOHN GRIMSON LYON,
Defendant-Appellant.
Appeal from the United States District Court
for the District of Montana
Brian M. Morris, District Judge, Presiding
Submitted August 29, 2016**
Seattle, Washington
Before: HAWKINS, and McKEOWN, Circuit Judges, and EZRA,*** District
Judge.
*
This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
**
The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision
without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2).
***
The Honorable David A. Ezra, United States Senior District Judge for the
Western District of Texas, sitting by designation.
Defendant-Appellant John Grimson Lyon appeals his jury trial convictions for
wire fraud, in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 1343; false claims, in violation of 18 U.S.C.
§ 287; and theft of government property, in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 641. We have
jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1291. We review de novo a district court’s denial of
a motion to dismiss the indictment for failure to state an offense, United States v.
Blixt, 548 F.3d 882, 886 (9th Cir. 2008), for multiplicity, United States v. Brooks, 610
F.3d 1186, 1194 (9th Cir. 2010), and for improper venue, United States v. Sullivan,
797 F.3d 623, 631 (9th Cir. 2015). We also review de novo the district court’s denial
of a motion for acquittal where, as here, the defendant properly preserved his
challenge to the sufficiency of the evidence. United States v. Pelisamen, 641 F.3d
399, 409 n.6 (9th Cir. 2011). We review for abuse of discretion the district court’s
decision to give a Jewell instruction, United States v. Heredia, 483 F.3d 913, 922 (9th
Cir. 2007) (en banc), and its decision to deny a motion for a new trial, United States
v. Bhagat, 436 F.3d 1140, 1145 (9th Cir. 2006). We affirm.
1. The district court did not err in denying Lyon’s motion to dismiss the
indictment for failure to state an offense. The indictment adequately alleges that Lyon
knew his subordinate Denny was submitting false timesheets. The indictment did not
need to allege that Lyon obtained a financial benefit in order to allege wire fraud, false
claims, or theft of government property. See United States v. Jinian, 725 F.3d 954,
2
960 (9th Cir. 2013) (“The elements of wire fraud are: (1) the existence of a scheme
to defraud; (2) the use of wire, radio, or television to further the scheme; and (3) a
specific intent to defraud.”); 18 U.S.C. § 287 (false claims statute penalizes anyone
who “makes or presents” a false claim, no requirement of receiving any benefit); id.
§ 641 (penalizing anyone who “embezzles, steals, purloins, or knowingly converts to
his use or the use of another . . . any . . . money, or thing of value of the United States
or of any department or agency thereof . . . .”) (emphasis added).
2. The district court did not err in denying Lyon’s motion to dismiss the
indictment for multiplicity. The government may, consistent with the Double
Jeopardy Clause, charge violations of multiple statutes based on a single act, so long
as each count requires the government to prove an additional fact that the others do
not. Brooks, 610 F.3d at 1194. “The elements of the offenses are determinative, even
if there is a substantial overlap in their proof.” Id. (internal quotation marks omitted).
Here, wire fraud, false claims, and theft of government property each have at least one
element the others do not. Wire fraud requires the use of a wire, which the other two
crimes do not. See Jinian, 725 F.3d at 960. False claims requires submitting a
demand for government money or property, see United States v. Jackson, 845 F.2d
880, 883 (9th Cir. 1988), which the other two crimes do not. Theft of government
3
property under 18 U.S.C. § 641 requires taking government property for one’s own
use or the use of another, which the other two crimes do not.
3. Nor did the district court err in denying Lyon’s motion to dismiss the false
claims count for improper venue. The indictment adequately alleges that the false
claim was made and presented in Montana.
4. There was no abuse of discretion in giving a Jewell instruction or denying
Lyon’s motion for a new trial, which was based solely on the alleged error in giving
the Jewell instruction. Evidence supported a finding that Lyon was aware of a high
probability that Denny was not actually working all of the hours he claimed he was
working, and that Lyon deliberately failed to investigate despite signs that Denny was
working so little that no one else in the office could get in contact with him. A Jewell
instruction need not include an instruction that the defendant’s motive for failing to
investigate was to give himself a defense should he be apprehended. Heredia, 483
F.3d at 919-20. Lyon’s statutory interpretation argument is unpersuasive in light of
this court’s prior applications of Jewell’s deliberate ignorance standard to the crimes
of which Lyon was convicted. See United States v. Erickson, 75 F.3d 470, 481 (9th
Cir. 1996) (false claims); United States v. Henderson, 721 F.2d 276, 277-79 (9th Cir.
1983) (theft of government property); see also United States v. McDonald, 576 F.2d
1350, 1358 (9th Cir. 1978) (mail fraud); Jinian, 725 F.3d at 960 n.2 (“[T]he wire fraud
4
statute is read in light of the case law on mail fraud.”) (internal quotation marks
omitted).
5. Nor was there error in the district court's denial of Lyon’s motion for acquittal.
Reading the evidence in the light most favorable to the prosecution, there was
sufficient evidence for a rational jury to find beyond a reasonable doubt that Lyon
either knew or was deliberately ignorant of the falsity of Denny’s claimed hours.
AFFIRMED.
5