Thavysack Thammavongsa v. William Barr ( 2020 )

NOT FOR PUBLICATION FILED
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS JUL 20 2020
MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT
THAVYSACK THAMMAVONGSA, No. 17-73403
Petitioner, Agency No. A025-314-008
v.
MEMORANDUM*
WILLIAM P. BARR, Attorney General,
Respondent.
On Petition for Review of an Order of the
Board of Immigration Appeals
Submitted July 16, 2020**
San Francisco, California
Before: LEE and BUMATAY, Circuit Judges, and SILVER,*** District Judge.
Thavysack Thammavongsa, a native of Laos, petitions for review of an order
of the Board of Immigration Appeals (“BIA”) denying his motion to reopen his
removal proceedings. We review the BIA’s denial of a motion to reopen for abuse
*
This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
**
The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision
without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2).
***
The Honorable Roslyn O. Silver, United States District Judge for the
District of Arizona, sitting by designation.
of discretion and its determination of legal questions de novo. Salim v. Lynch, 831
F.3d 1133, 1137 (9th Cir. 2016). We have jurisdiction under 8 U.S.C. § 1252(a)
and deny the petition for review.
1. In 2008, Thammavongsa pleaded guilty to possession for sale of a
controlled substance under California Health & Safety Code (“CHSC”) § 11378,
an aggravated felony. One year later, a California court vacated that conviction
and instead allowed Thammavongsa to enter a plea to a non-aggravated felony—
transportation of a controlled substance under CHSC § 11379. Thereafter,
Thammavongsa was ordered removed to Laos based on the § 11379 conviction.
Over seven years later, in 2017, a California court vacated the § 11379 conviction
under California Penal Code § 1203.4, a rehabilitative statute, and allowed
Thammavongsa to plead guilty to simple possession of a controlled substance
under CHSC § 11377, nunc pro tunc.
Thammavongsa moved to reopen and terminate his removal proceedings
based on the vacatur of his § 11379 conviction. The BIA denied the motion as
untimely. See 8 U.S.C. § 1229a(c)(7)(C)(i) (“[T]he motion to reopen shall be filed
within 90 days of the date of entry of a final administrative order of removal”).
The BIA also held that the 2017 expungement of Thammavongsa’s § 11379
conviction does not excuse the late filing of his motion to reopen or present an
“exceptional circumstance” to warrant reopening proceedings sua sponte. Lona v.
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Barr, 958 F.3d 1225, 1230 (9th Cir. 2020); see 8 C.F.R. § 1003.2(a). The BIA did
not abuse its discretion in denying the motion to reopen.
2. We have held that a conviction vacated for rehabilitative purposes
(and not on the merits) remains a valid conviction for purposes of immigration.
See Lopez v. Sessions, 901 F.3d 1071, 1075 (9th Cir. 2018) (“For immigration
purposes, a person generally continues to stand convicted of an offense
notwithstanding a later expungement under California Penal Code § 1203.4.”)
(simplified); see also Poblete Mendoza v. Holder, 606 F.3d 1137, 1141–42 (9th
Cir. 2010) (holding an alien’s expunged conviction after successful completion of
probation did not affect federal removal proceedings). Accordingly, the
expungement of Thammavongsa’s § 11379 conviction under California Penal
Code § 1203.4 had no impact on the validity of his removal order and, thus, the
BIA did not err in refusing to reopen his removal proceedings.
3. Thammavongsa also asserts that Lujan-Armendariz v. INS, 222 F.3d
728 (9th Cir. 2000), applies to this case and so he no longer stands convicted of an
offense for immigration purposes. In Lujan-Armendariz, we recognized an
exception to the general rule that a person remains convicted of an offense for
immigration purposes notwithstanding a later expungement under a state’s
rehabilitative statute. Id. at 749–50. This exception applies only to convictions for
“first-time simple drug possession offenses.” Id. at 749. We later abrogated this
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exception and apply it only to pre-2011 convictions. Nunez-Reyes v. Holder, 646
F.3d 684, 694 (9th Cir. 2011) (en banc).
While it is true that Thammavongsa pleaded guilty to simple possession in
2017, Thammavongsa ignores that his conviction of removal remains the § 11379
offense, which is not subject to the Lujan-Armendariz exception. Vega-Anguiano
v. Barr, 942 F.3d 945, 947 (9th Cir. 2019) (quoting Ramirez-Altamirano v. Holder
563 F.3d 800, 812 (9th Cir. 2009) (holding the Lujan-Armendariz exception
applies only to convictions that are “an equivalent or lesser charge” than simple
possession). A transportation violation under § 11379 is not “an equivalent or
lesser charge” of simple possession under § 11377. See Ruiz-Vidal v. Lynch, 803
F.3d 1049, 1054 (9th Cir. 2015) (describing § 11377 as a “lesser included” offense
of § 11379). Indeed, § 11377 is a misdemeanor with a maximum term of
imprisonment of no more than one year, while § 11379 carries a sentence of up to
four years. Compare CHSC § 11377, with CHSC § 11379. Accordingly, the
Lujan-Armendariz exception does not apply to Thammavongsa’s offense of
removal and it remains valid for immigration purposes.
4. Given that Thammavongsa’s 2009 transportation conviction remains a
conviction for immigration purposes and that Lujan-Armendariz does not apply,
the BIA did not abuse its discretion in denying Thammavongsa’s motion to reopen.
DENIED.
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