Jeffrey Golden v. O'Melveny & Myers LLP ( 2021 )

NOT FOR PUBLICATION FILED
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS AUG 6 2021
MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT
JEFFREY I GOLDEN, Chapter 7 Trustee of Nos. 19-56371, 20-55471
Aletheia Research and Management, Inc.,
D.C. No. 2:14-cv-08725-CAS-AGR
Plaintiff-Appellant,
MEMORANDUM*
v.
O’MELVENY & MYERS LLP; STEVEN J.
OLSEN, an individual; JOSE JORGE
DENEVE, an individual,
Defendants-Appellees,
and
FREEDMAN AND TAITELMAN LLP;
DOES, 1 through 12,
Defendants.
Appeal from the United States District Court
for the Central District of California
Christina A. Snyder, District Judge, Presiding
Submitted August 4, 2021**
Pasadena, California
*
This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
**
The panel unanimously concludes these cases are suitable for decision
without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2).
Before: PAEZ, CALLAHAN, and BENNETT, Circuit Judges.
Jeffrey I. Golden, Chapter 7 trustee of Aletheia Research and Management,
Inc. (“Aletheia”) appeals from the district court’s orders confirming an arbitration
award, granting summary judgment for Defendants, and denying Golden leave to
file an amended complaint.1 We have jurisdiction under 9 U.S.C. § 16(a)(1)(D)
and 28 U.S.C. § 1291 and affirm.
1. Golden argues that the arbitration award should be vacated because it
“violates California public policy.” However, § 10 of the Federal Arbitration Act
(“FAA”) “provides the exclusive means by which a court reviewing an arbitration
award under the FAA may grant vacatur of a final arbitration award.” Biller v.
Toyota Motor Corp., 668 F.3d 655, 664 (9th Cir. 2012) (citing Hall St. Assocs.,
LLC v. Mattel, Inc., 552 U.S. 576, 584 (2008) and Kyocera Corp. v. Prudential-
Bache Trade Servs., Inc., 341 F.3d 987, 994 (9th Cir. 2003)). Section 10 contains
no explicit public policy grounds for vacatur of an arbitration award. Although the
Ninth Circuit has suggested that public policy might be a valid ground for vacatur
of an arbitration award under the FAA, see Lagstein v. Certain Underwriters at
Lloyd’s, London, 607 F.3d 634, 641 n.4 (9th Cir. 2010), we do not invoke it here
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Because the parties are familiar with the facts, we restate only those
necessary to explain our decision.
2
because we find Golden’s public policy argument an unpersuasive effort to
relitigate the arbitrator’s finding that no conflict of interest resulted from
O’Melveny and Myers’s (“O’Melveny”) representation of both Aletheia and Peter
Eichler.
Golden asserts that the arbitrator “manifestly disregarded” the law.2 “The
manifest disregard exception requires something beyond and different from a mere
error in the law or failure on the part of the arbitrators to understand and apply the
law.” Collins v. D.R. Horton, Inc., 505 F.3d 874, 879 (9th Cir. 2007) (citation and
quotation marks omitted). “[M]anifest disregard of the law for the purposes of the
FAA occurs only where there is evidence that the arbitrator knew the law but
ignored it nonetheless.” Biller, 668 F.3d at 668 n.7. “Neither erroneous legal
conclusions nor unsubstantiated factual findings justify federal court review of an
arbitral award under the [FAA], which is unambiguous in this regard.” Kyocera,
341 F.3d at 994. Here, the arbitrator thoroughly considered the relevant California
precedents in his 137-page decision, and we find no instances where he manifestly
disregarded or misapplied them.
Neither may we vacate an arbitration award for alleged partiality on the part
2
The Ninth Circuit has held that Hall St. does not displace the “manifest
disregard” exception because it is shorthand for the statutory provision in the FAA,
§ 10(a)(4), which states that the court may vacate “where the arbitrators exceeded
their powers.” Comedy Club, Inc. v. Improv W. Assocs., 553 F.3d 1277, 1290 (9th
Cir. 2009) (citation omitted).
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of the arbitrator. “To show ‘evident partiality’ in an arbitrator, [Golden] . . . must
establish specific facts indicating actual bias.” Lagstein, 607 F.3d at 645–46
(citation omitted). Golden has not met that burden. Nothing in the record suggests
that the arbitrator held anything against Golden because of the arbitrator’s son not
receiving employment offers from firms involved in this litigation or that the
arbitrator was partial on account of having another matter involving Defendants’
counsel. Golden also points to various rulings the arbitrator made in favor of
Defendants as evidence of partiality, but “[e]ven repeated rulings against one party
to the arbitration will not establish bias absent some evidence of improper
motivation.” Sheet Metal Workers Int’l Ass’n Local Union # 420 v. Kinney Air
Conditioning Co., 756 F.2d 742, 746 (9th Cir. 1985). Golden disagrees with the
merits of the rulings but offers no evidence of improper motivation. Moreover, we
find no language in the arbitration decision suggestive of partiality.
In addition, Golden argues that “[t]he [a]rbitrator, in light of the conflict
which renders the Engagement Agreement and its arbitration provision
unenforceable, had no authority to adjudicate [Golden]’s substantive claims.”
However, “it is a mainstay of the [FAA’s] substantive law that attacks on the
validity of the contract, as distinct from attacks on the validity of the arbitration
clause itself, are to be resolved by the arbitrator in the first instance, not by a
federal or state court. For these purposes, an arbitration provision is severable
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from the remainder of the contract.” Nitro-Lift Techs., L.L.C. v. Howard, 568 U.S.
17, 20–21 (2012) (citations and quotation marks omitted). Here, because Golden
first raised the issue of the alleged illegality of the “Engagement Agreement”
before the district court instead of the arbitrator, the district court could not, nor
can we, consider it. See Marino v. Writers Guild of Am., E., Inc., 992 F.2d 1480,
1484 (9th Cir. 1993) (“it is well settled that a party may not sit idle through an
arbitration procedure and then collaterally attack that procedure on grounds not
raised before the arbitrators when the result turns out to be adverse”).
2. Golden contends that the factual disputes of (1) “whether the value of
O’Melveny’s legal services was reasonably equivalent to the amount of the
Fraudulent Conveyances,” and (2) whether O’Melveny was a non-statutory insider,
were not at issue or actually and necessarily decided in the arbitration, and thus the
district court should not have granted summary judgment for Defendants on the
bankruptcy claims by applying collateral estoppel.
“We review de novo a grant of summary judgment. We review de novo the
district court’s determination that res judicata and collateral estoppel are
available. If we determine that collateral estoppel is available, we review for abuse
of discretion the district court’s decision to accord preclusion.” Miller v. County of
Santa Cruz, 39 F.3d 1030, 1032 (9th Cir. 1994) (citations omitted).
“Issue preclusion, or collateral estoppel, bars successive litigation of an issue
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of fact or law actually litigated and resolved in a valid court determination essential
to the prior judgment, even if the issue recurs in the context of a different claim.”
Howard v. City of Coos Bay, 871 F.3d 1032, 1040–41 (9th Cir. 2017) (citation and
quotation marks omitted) (emphasis added). The issues need only be the same “in
substance.” Richey v. U.S. I.R.S., 9 F.3d 1407, 1410 (9th Cir. 1993). To determine
whether two issues are the same in substance for purposes of collateral estoppel,
the Court considers (1) whether there is “a substantial overlap between the
evidence or argument to be advanced in the second proceeding and that advanced
in the first”; (2) whether “the new evidence or argument involve[s] the application
of the same rule of law as that involved in the prior proceeding”; (3) whether
“pretrial preparation and discovery related to the matter presented in the first action
[could] reasonably be expected to have embraced the matter sought to be presented
in the second”; and (4) “how closely related . . . the claims involved in the two
proceedings [are].” Resolution Tr. Corp. v. Keating, 186 F.3d 1110, 1116 (9th Cir.
1999) (citation omitted).
Our review of the record of these proceedings reveals that the arbitrator
actually and necessarily decided the issues dispositive to Golden’s bankruptcy
claims. Golden has not shown that the district court abused its discretion in
applying collateral estoppel.
3. Nor has Golden shown that the district court abused its discretion in
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denying his motion for leave to file an amended complaint. Golden’s proposed
additional allegations were in support of his bankruptcy claims, on which the
arbitration award had preclusive effect. See Nunes v. Ashcroft, 348 F.3d 815, 818
(9th Cir. 2003) (“Futility alone can justify the denial of a motion to amend.”),
amended by Nunes v. Ashcroft, 375 F.3d 805 (9th Cir. 2004).
4. Neither did the district court abuse its discretion in denying Golden’s
Rule 56(d) request for additional discovery before the court ruled on the motion for
summary judgment. See Tatum v. City & Cnty. of San Francisco, 441 F.3d 1090,
1100 (9th Cir. 2006) (“We review a district court’s order denying additional
discovery for abuse of discretion.”). A party requesting a discovery continuance
pursuant to Rule 56 must identify the specific facts that further discovery would
reveal and explain why those facts would preclude summary judgment. See id.The district court reasonably found that Golden’s “general averments are
insufficient to satisfy Rule 56(d).” The Ninth Circuit has explained that “[i]t is not
enough to rely on vague assertions that discovery will produce needed, but
unspecified, facts. . . . The evidence sought . . . must be more than the object of
mere speculation.” Naoko Ohno v. Yuko Yasuma, 723 F.3d 984, 1013 n.29 (9th
Cir. 2013) (citations omitted) (rejecting a motion made under Rule 56(f)).
Critically, Golden did not show how additional discovery, even if produced, would
overcome the application of collateral estoppel to the bankruptcy claims.
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5. Finally, the district court properly proceeded to dispose of the
bankruptcy claims and bankruptcy proceeding while the appeal from the order
confirming the arbitration award was pending. “[W]here an appeal is taken from a
judgment which does not finally determine the entire action, the appeal does not
prevent the district court from proceeding with matters not involved in the appeal.”
Britton v. Co-op Banking Grp., 916 F.2d 1405, 1411 (9th Cir. 1990) (citation
omitted). Here, the bankruptcy claims were “not involved in the appeal,” so the
district court could proceed to adjudicate those claims.
AFFIRMED.3
3
Golden’s requests for judicial notice, Dkt No. 15 in Case No. 19-56371 and
Dkt Nos. 9 and 24 in Case No. 20-55471, are GRANTED.
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