Michael George v. Manheim Investments, Inc. ( 2018 )


Menu:
  •                            NOT FOR PUBLICATION                           FILED
    UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS                        APR 25 2018
    MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
    U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
    FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT
    MICHAEL GEORGE,                                 No.    16-56594
    Plaintiff-Appellee,             D.C. No.
    8:16-cv-01127-JVS-SS
    v.
    MANHEIM INVESTMENTS, INC.;                      MEMORANDUM*
    MANHEIM REMARKETING, INC.,
    Defendants-Appellants,
    and
    DOES, 1-10, inclusive,
    Defendant.
    Appeal from the United States District Court
    for the Central District of California
    James V. Selna, District Judge, Presiding
    Argued and Submitted March 9, 2018
    Pasadena, California
    Before: GOULD and MURGUIA, Circuit Judges, and ZOUHARY,** District
    Judge.
    *
    This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
    except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
    **
    The Honorable Jack Zouhary, United States District Judge for the
    Northern District of Ohio, sitting by designation.
    Manheim Investments, Inc. and Manheim Remarketing, Inc. (together
    “Manheim”) appeal the district court’s order staying proceedings pending
    resolution of a California Supreme Court case, Dynamex Operations West, Inc. v.
    Superior Court of Los Angeles County, No. S222732. Dynamex involves parties
    who are not before this court. The district court issued the stay because it
    concluded that the California Supreme Court decision in Dynamex might inform its
    reasoning on a threshold issue in this case—whether Plaintiff, Michael George, is
    an independent contractor or an employee. We dismiss for lack of jurisdiction.1
    “Ordinarily, a stay is not considered a final decision for purposes of section
    1291.” United States v. Gen. Dynamics Corp., 
    828 F.2d 1356
    , 1360 (9th Cir.
    1987). Manheim contends that an ongoing state court action, Cullum v. Manheim
    Investments, Inc., involving claims brought under the California Labor Code
    Private Attorneys General Act of 2004 (“PAGA”), 
    Cal. Lab. Code §§ 2698
    –
    2699.5, could have collateral estoppel effects in this case. George is one of the
    named representatives in that action, and Manheim is the defendant. If Cullum is
    decided first, it could resolve the threshold employment status question, thereby
    depriving Manheim of the opportunity to have that issue resolved by a federal
    tribunal. Because of this possibility, Manheim argues that two exceptions to the
    1
    Manheim’s motions for judicial notice and for supplementation of the record are
    denied as moot.
    2
    final order doctrine apply in this case.
    First, Manheim argues that we have jurisdiction to hear this appeal because
    the stay puts Manheim “effectively out of court.” See Lockyer v. Mirant Corp.,
    
    398 F.3d 1098
    , 1101 (9th Cir. 2005). A party is effectively out of court in either of
    two distinct situations. One is where the district court turns over decision-making
    to a state court, effectively giving up its jurisdiction over a legal question. See
    Moses H. Cone Mem’l Hosp. v. Mercury Constr. Corp., 
    460 U.S. 1
    , 10 (1983);
    Lockyer, 
    398 F.3d at
    1102– 03. Under Moses H. Cone and Lockyer, however, a
    party is not effectively out of court simply because a stay may have the incidental
    effect of letting an ongoing state court proceeding settle an issue first. See Moses
    H. Cone, 
    460 U.S. at
    10 n.11 (advising that its holding should not be construed as
    meaning that “an order becomes final merely because it may have the practical
    effect of allowing a state court to be the first to rule on a common issue”). In this
    case, the district court did not turn the decision over to the state court tribunal.
    Any potential collateral estoppel effect from the ongoing Cullum matter would be a
    mere incidental effect of the stay.
    A party may also be effectively out of court where proceedings are stayed
    for a lengthy and indefinite period of time. Blue Cross & Blue Shield of Ala. v.
    Unity Outpatient Surgery Ctr., Inc., 
    490 F.3d 718
    , 724 (9th Cir. 2007). In Blue
    Cross, the stay was issued pending the resolution of multiple related criminal
    3
    proceedings, and could reasonably have been expected to last for many years. 
    Id.
    By contrast, here the stay is not indefinite. The California Supreme Court heard
    oral arguments in Dynamex on February 6, 2018, and an opinion should be
    forthcoming within three months of that date. See Cal. Gov’t Code § 68210. The
    stay in this case was issued more than a year and a half after the California
    Supreme Court agreed to hear Dynamex. Even at the time it was issued, it was not
    the sort of indefinite stay contemplated in Blue Cross.
    Second, Manheim argues that this case falls under the collateral order
    doctrine. The collateral order doctrine allows for a narrow exception to the final
    judgment rule in a “small class” of cases. Cohen v. Beneficial Indus. Loan Corp.,
    
    337 U.S. 541
    , 546 (1949). To fall within the exception, an order must “(1)
    conclusively determine the disputed questions, (2) resolve important questions
    separate from the merits, and (3) [be] effectively unreviewable on appeal from a
    final judgment in the action.” Bagdasarian Prods., LLC v. Twentieth Century Fox
    Film Corp., 
    673 F.3d 1267
    , 1272 (9th Cir. 2012). All three requirements must be
    met before a collateral order can be appealed. Truckstop.net, LLC v. Sprint Corp.,
    
    547 F.3d 1065
    , 1068 (9th Cir. 2008).
    We have held that the loss of a federal forum is not sufficiently important to
    warrant appellate review under the collateral order doctrine. Stevens v. Brink’s
    Home Sec., Inc., 
    378 F.3d 944
    , 947 (9th Cir. 2004) (“The fallacy of this argument
    4
    is its premise that the loss of a federal forum presents a sufficiently important
    question in the collateral order context to permit appellate review. It does not.”).
    Because the second component of the test under the collateral order doctrine is not
    met, we reject Manheim’s claim that we have jurisdiction under that doctrine.2
    In the alternative, Manheim asks that we treat its appeal as a petition for a
    writ of mandamus. A writ of mandamus should not be granted absent clear error
    by the district court. Bundy v. U.S. Dist. Court (In re Bundy), 
    840 F.3d 1034
    , 1041
    (9th Cir. 2016). The district court did not clearly err in staying the matter pending
    the resolution of Dynamex because it was reasonable for the court to believe that
    the disposition of that case may inform a proper resolution of this matter. We deny
    the mandamus request.
    DISMISSED.
    2
    We express no opinion on whether Manheim can satisfy the other requirements of
    the collateral order doctrine.
    5