Acosta-Saldana v. Garland ( 2023 )

NOT FOR PUBLICATION FILED
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS JUL 18 2023
MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT
JOSE EDEL ACOSTA-SALDANA, No. 22-1368
Agency No.
Petitioner, A095-697-743
v.
MEMORANDUM*
MERRICK B. GARLAND, Attorney
General,
Respondent.
On Petition for Review of an Order of the
Board of Immigration Appeals
Submitted July 14, 2023**
San Francisco, California
Before: S.R. THOMAS, BEA, and BENNETT, Circuit Judges.
Jose Edel Acosta-Saldana (“Petitioner”), a native and citizen of Mexico,
petitions for review of the Board of Immigration Appeals’s (“BIA”) decision
affirming the Immigration Judge’s (“IJ”) denial of his second motion to reopen
removal proceedings. Exercising jurisdiction under 8 U.S.C. § 1252(a)(1), we
deny the petition.
*
This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not
precedent except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
**
The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision
without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2).
“Because the BIA affirmed the IJ’s decision without opinion, we review
the IJ’s decision as the final agency determination.” Khadka v. Holder, 618
F.3d 996, 1000 (9th Cir. 2010) (citation omitted). We review denials of
motions to reopen for abuse of discretion. Kaur v. Garland, 2 F.4th 823, 829
(9th Cir. 2021) (citation omitted). “The BIA abuses its discretion when it acts
arbitrarily, irrationally, or contrary to the law.” Id. (quoting Martinez v. Barr,
941 F.3d 907, 921 (9th Cir. 2019)). Applying this standard, “[w]e review legal
questions de novo and factual findings for substantial evidence.” Id. (citation
omitted). Substantial evidence supports an agency’s factual determination
“unless the evidence compels a contrary conclusion.” Duran-Rodriguez v.
Barr, 918 F.3d 1025, 1028 (9th Cir. 2019) (citation omitted).
Typically, Petitioners may file “only one motion to reopen” removal
proceedings, “and that motion must be filed no later than 90 days after the date
on which” the removal order became final. 8 C.F.R. § 1003.2(c)(2); 8 U.S.C.
§ 1229a(c)(7)(A), (C)(i). But two exceptions are relevant here: the numerical
and time bars can be waived if a petitioner can demonstrate (1) materially
“changed country conditions arising in the country of nationality,” 8 U.S.C.
§ 1129a(c)(7)(C)(ii); 8 C.F.R. § 1003.2(c)(3)(ii); or (2) that they received
ineffective assistance of counsel at earlier stages of the proceeding, see
Salazar-Gonzalez v. Lynch, 798 F.3d 917, 920 (9th Cir. 2015).
1. The IJ did not abuse her discretion in concluding that Petitioner’s
status as a gay man and his HIV diagnosis do not constitute materially changed
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country conditions. Almaraz v. Holder, 608 F.3d 638, 639–40 (9th Cir. 2010)
(holding that petitioner’s HIV diagnosis was “a change in his personal
circumstances, not a change in circumstances ‘arising in the country of
nationality’” (quoting 8 C.F.R. § 1003.2(c)(3)(ii)). Although a change in health
status can make a change in country conditions relevant, see Chandra v. Holder,
751 F.3d 1034, 1036–39 (9th Cir. 2014), substantial evidence supports the IJ’s
factual determination that conditions for LGBT and HIV-positive individuals in
Mexico “appear to have somewhat improved or at least remained the same”
since Petitioner’s removal order became final in 2006,1 see Rodriguez v.
Garland, 990 F.3d 1205, 1210 (9th Cir. 2021) (“General references to
continuing or remaining problems is not evidence of a change in a country’s
conditions.” (internal quotation marks and citation omitted)).
State Department reports in the record show that although discrimination
and violence against the LGBTI community persist in Mexico, there has been “a
gradual increase in public tolerance of LGBTI individuals.” Another study
found that access to medical care for HIV-positive individuals increased in
Mexico between 2007 and 2014, although barriers to access remain.
Accordingly, the record before us does not compel a conclusion that conditions
1
The IJ also noted that Petitioner failed to attach an application for relief with
his second motion to reopen, as required by relevant regulation. 8 C.F.R.
§ 1003.23(b)(3). Even assuming that the application attached to Petitioner’s
first motion to reopen was sufficient to satisfy this regulation, Petitioner’s claim
still fails on the merits.
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in Mexico have worsened for LGBTI and HIV-positive individuals in Mexico
since Petitioner’s removal order became final in 2006. See Duran-Rodriguez,
918 F.3d at 1028.
2. Petitioner has forfeited any challenge to the IJ’s determination that
he is ineligible for equitable tolling based on ineffective assistance of counsel
because he failed to raise any such argument in his opening brief. Velasquez-
Gaspar v. Barr, 976 F.3d 1062, 1065 (9th Cir. 2020) (holding that argument
was waived where petitioner failed to “specifically and distinctly discuss the
matter in her opening brief” (internal quotation marks and citation omitted)).
3. Petitioner has also forfeited any argument that his due process
rights were violated because his opening brief does not articulate any facts
suggesting that he was denied a full and fair hearing. Velasquez-Gaspar, 976
F.3d at1065.
PETITION DENIED.
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