C. Q. v. River Springs Charter Schools ( 2019 )


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  •                            NOT FOR PUBLICATION                           FILED
    UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS                        JUN 12 2019
    MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
    U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
    FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT
    C. Q., a minor, by and through Guardians        No.    18-55779
    Ad Litem Saku Quezada and Pablo
    Quezada,                                        D.C. No.
    5:18-cv-01017-SJO-SHK
    Plaintiff-Appellee,
    v.                                             MEMORANDUM *
    RIVER SPRINGS CHARTER SCHOOLS, a
    California Local Education Agency,
    Defendant-Appellant.
    Appeal from the United States District Court
    for the Central District of California
    S. James Otero, District Judge, Presiding
    Argued and Submitted December 7, 2018
    Pasadena, California
    Before: RAWLINSON and BEA, Circuit Judges, and SETTLE,** District Judge.
    Defendant-Appellant River Springs Charter Schools (“River Springs”)
    informed Plaintiff-Appellee C.Q. (“C.Q.”) that River Springs would transfer her to
    *
    This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
    except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
    **
    The Honorable Benjamin H. Settle, United States District Judge for
    the Western District of Washington, sitting by designation.
    a different school during spring break of her current semester. C.Q. qualifies for
    protection under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (“IDEA”), 
    20 U.S.C. §§ 1400
     et seq., and filed a motion with the state administrative agency
    requesting an order to stay put at the school she was currently attending, Prentice.
    See 
    20 U.S.C. § 1415
    (j) (students entitled to stay-put at then-current educational
    setting while legal dispute proceeds). After the Administrative Law Judge (“ALJ”)
    denied C.Q.’s motion and failed to determine C.Q.’s then-current educational
    setting, C.Q. filed a complaint in the district court and motion for preliminary
    injunctive relief requesting Prentice as her stay-put placement. The district court
    conducted a de novo review of the issue and granted C.Q.’s motion. River Springs
    timely appealed. We have jurisdiction under 
    28 U.S.C. § 1291
    , and we affirm.
    We review the district court’s grant of preliminary injunctive relief for abuse
    of discretion. Am. Trucking Ass’ns, Inc. v. City of L.A., 
    559 F.3d 1046
    , 1052 (9th
    Cir. 2009) (citing Lands Council v. Martin, 
    479 F.3d 636
    , 639 (9th Cir. 2007)). A
    district court abuses its discretion if it bases its decision on an erroneous legal
    standard or clearly erroneous findings of fact. Sierra Forest Legacy v. Rey, 
    577 F.3d 1015
    , 1021 (9th Cir. 2009) (citing Am. Trucking, 
    559 F.3d at 1052
    ). Thus,
    application of an incorrect legal standard in granting preliminary injunctive relief
    or with regard to an underlying issue is grounds for reversal. See Earth Island Inst.
    v. U.S. Forest Serv., 
    351 F.3d 1291
    , 1298 (9th Cir. 2003) (citation omitted).
    2                                     18-55779
    In this case, River Springs argues that the district court applied an incorrect
    legal standard by conducting a de novo review instead of implementing the
    traditional four-factor test for preliminary injunctive relief, which requires the
    plaintiff to establish that: (1) she “is likely to succeed on the merits”; (2) she “is
    likely to suffer irreparable harm in the absence of preliminary relief”; (3) “the
    balance of equities tips in [her] favor”; and (4) “an injunction is in the public
    interest.” Winter v. Nat. Res. Def. Council, Inc., 
    555 U.S. 7
    , 20 (2008). While
    district courts throughout this circuit have applied both the de novo standard and
    the traditional four-factor test, this court has yet to consider the issue of the
    appropriate standard of review when an ALJ fails to determine a student’s stay-put
    placement.
    Upon review of the record, we find no need to answer this standard of
    review question because, even under the more stringent four-factor test, we find
    that C.Q. has met her burden to establish that preliminary injunctive relief was
    warranted. We find that C.Q. was likely to succeed on the merits because Prentice
    was the only rational then-current placement. The homeschool program was not a
    nonpublic school as required by the IEP, and C.Q. was not currently enrolled in a
    homeschool program when River Springs proposed the transfer to Flabob.
    Similarly, Flabob was not an available alternative because C.Q. was not currently
    attending Flabob. Thus, the district court did not abuse its discretion in eliminating
    3                                       18-55779
    the homeschool alternative and Flabob and concluding that Prentice was C.Q.’s
    then-current placement.
    Furthermore, the other three factors weigh in favor of preliminary relief. We
    agree with the district court that C.Q. would suffer irreparable harm in the absence
    of relief because River Springs intended to transfer her to a new school in the
    middle of the current semester causing an immediate disruption in her education.
    The balance of hardships tips in C.Q.’s favor, and the public has an interest in
    maintaining a child’s then-current educational environment while the parties
    litigate the disputed transfer. Therefore, we affirm the district court’s issuance of
    the injunction.
    AFFIRMED.
    4                                     18-55779
    FILED
    C.Q. v. River Springs Charter Schools, Case No. 18-55779
    JUN 12 2019
    Rawlinson, Circuit Judge, concurring in the result
    MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
    U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
    I concur in the result reached by the majority because, and only because, the
    Administrative Law Judge (ALJ) relied on out-of-circuit authority to support her
    decision regarding the effect of a temporary placement on the “stay-put”
    determination. In the absence of binding authority supporting the ALJ’s
    conclusion, I am unable to conclude that the district court abused its discretion in
    granting injunctive relief. See Johnson ex. rel. Johnson v. Special Educ. Hearing
    Office, 
    287 F.3d 1176
    , 1179 (9th Cir. 2002) (noting that a district court abuses its
    discretion when it commits an error of law).
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