Christian Diaz v. Unknown ( 2019 )

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 9 CENTRAL DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 10 11 CHRISTIAN DIAZ, Case No. 5:19-cv-01415-PA (GJS) 12 Petitioner Case No. 5:19-cv-01441-PA (GJS) 13 v. ORDER TO SHOW CAUSE RE: POSSIBLE DISMISSAL FOR 14 SCOTT FRAUENHEIM, UNTIMELINESS 15 Respondent. 16 17 On July 31, 2019, Petitioner filed a 28 U.S.C. § 2254 habeas petition in this 18 District in Case No. 5:19-cv-01415-PA (GJS) (Dkt. 1,“Petition”). The Petition 19 stems from Petitioner’s 2013 conviction in San Bernardino County Superior Court 20 Case No. FVA700187 (the “State Conviction”). (Petition at 2.)1 21 On August 2, 2019, the Clerk’s Office filed as a separate action – Case No. 5:19- 22 cv-01441-PA (GJS) – a document submitted by Petitioner on July 18, 2019, and 23 received by the Clerk’s Office on July 23, 2019, entitled “Request for Extension of 24 Time for Federal Habeas Corpus” (Dkt. 1, “Request”). The Request, at the time 25 submitted, sought a prospective 60-day extension of Petitioner’s time to file the 26 Petition. Although federal courts generally lack jurisdiction to consider such 27 28 1 Pursuant to Rule 201 of the Federal Rules of Evidence, the Court has reviewed the dockets 1 2 received and filed in the interim ten-day delay before the Clerk’s Office actually 3 filed the Request, the Court will consider the Request in connection with the 4 Petition. 5 After Petitioner was sentenced pursuant to the State Conviction in January 2014, 6 he appealed to the California Court of Appeal (Case No. G052142). (Petition at 2- 7 3.) On June 30, 2016, in a written reasoned decision, the California Court of Appeal 8 affirmed the judgment. (Petition Ex. B.) Petitioner did not file a petition for review 9 with the California Supreme Court or seek permission to file a late appeal.2 10 (Petition at 3.) 11 A year and two months later, Petitioner commenced seeking state habeas relief. 12 He filed a habeas petition in the trial court (San Bernardino County Superior Court 13 Case No. WHCJS1700312), which he alleges raised an unspecified ineffective 14 assistance of counsel claim. Petitioner states that this petition was filed on August 15 31, 2017 (Petition at 3), although the trial court’s docket for the case shows that the 16 petition was filed on September 7, 2017. On October 24, 2017, the trial court 17 denied the petition. (Petition at 4.) 18 Approximately two months later, Petitioner filed a habeas petition in the 19 California Court of Appeal (No. G055831), again raising an unspecified ineffective 20 assistance of counsel claim. Petitioner alleges that he filed the petition on December 21 15, 2017 (Petition at 4), although the docket for the California Court of Appeal 22 states that the petition was filed on January 9, 2018. On February 1, 2018, the 23 California Court of Appeal denied the petition without comment. 24 Petitioner then filed a habeas petition in the California Supreme Court (No. 25 26 2 On December 11, 2017, a year and a half after the California Court of Appeal’s decision on 27 direct appeal, Petitioner submitted an “accusation” against his appellate counsel in the California Supreme Court, in Case No. S247185, complaining that his appellate counsel had abandoned him. 28 (Petition at 3.) As the accusation was defective, it was not formally filed until February 26, 2018, following correction. On May 9, 2018, the California Supreme Court denied the accusation. 1 2 Petitioner alleges that he filed the petition on March 27, 2018 (id.), although the 3 California Supreme Court’s docket states that it was filed on April 16, 2018. On 4 August 22, 2018, the California Supreme Court denied relief summarily. 5 Eleven months months passed. On July 24, 2019, Petitioner signed the 6 verification to, and a proof of service for the mailing of, the Petition (Dkt. 1, ECF 7 #13; Dkt. 1-5, ECF #130) and a correctional officer received it for mailing on that 8 same date (Dkt. 1-2, ECF #142).3 While the Petition was not formally filed by the 9 Clerk’s Office until July 31, 2019, pursuant to the “mailbox rule,” the Court will 10 deem the Petition to have been “filed” on July 24, 2019. See Campbell v. Henry, 11 614 F.3d 1056, 1058-59 (9th Cir. 2010); Rule 3(d) of the Rules Governing Section 12 2254 Cases in the United States District Courts. 13 14 THE CLAIMS ALLEGED IN THE PETITION 15 The Petition raises six claims. Grounds One and Five allege that trial counsel 16 provided ineffective assistance by failing to investigate information indicating that 17 evidence used at trial was false and a pre-trial identification of Petitioner was 18 tainted. Ground Two relates to the asserted false evidence and alleges that there was 19 a three-year gap in the chain of custody for such evidence, the person who collected 20 it did not testify at trial, and trial counsel performed ineffectively by failing to 21 investigate and challenge the evidence. Ground Three alleges that the prosecutor 22 committed misconduct during closing argument and that trial counsel performed 23 ineffectively by failing to challenge such misconduct. Ground Four alleges a federal 24 version (Confrontation Clause) of a claim based on a claim raised during 25 26 3 The Petition also bears a June 30, 2019 signature date, but it plainly was not mailed to the 27 Court on that date. 28 The Request appears to have been provided to a correctional officer on July 18, 2019, and formally mailed on July 19, 2019. 1 2 found to be inadmissible hearsay yet were allowed into evidence at trial when the 3 case went to a different judge. Finally, Ground Six alleges that appellate counsel 4 provided ineffective assistance by failing to submit a meritorious opening brief and 5 by failing to raise Grounds One through Five on appeal. 6 Thus, five of the claims raised in the Petition are based on matters that occurred 7 before and during Petitioner’s trial in 2013. The sixth is based on appellate 8 counsel’s asserted failings that took place in 2014, when he filed the opening brief. 9 10 THE PETITION IS UNTIMELY ON ITS FACE 11 The one-year limitations period that governs the Petition is set forth in 28 U.S.C. 12 § 2244(d)(1).4 Given the nature of the claims alleged in the Petition and the record 13 available, the subpart (d)(1)(A) limitations period is the only one that appears 14 applicable to the Petition. Petitioner’s judgment became “final,” for purposes of 15 Section 2244(d)(1)(A), on the date on which his ability to seek review in the 16 California Supreme Court expired. Hemmerle v. Schriro, 495 F.3d 1069, 1073-74 17 (9th Cir. 2007) (rejecting argument that “final” means the date on which a state 18 appellate court issues a remittitur or mandate and holding that finality means the last 19 20 4 Through its subparts (A) through (D), Section 2244(d)(1) contemplates four possible 21 triggering dates for the accrual and commencement of a state prisoner’s one-year limitations 22 period. The Supreme Court has described these as follows: § 2244(d)(1) provides that a “1-year period of limitation shall 23 apply to an application for a writ of habeas corpus.” (Emphasis 24 added.) The subsection then provides one means of calculating the limitation with regard to the “application” as a whole, § 25 2244(d)(1)(A) (date of final judgment), but three others that 26 require claim-by-claim consideration, § 2244(d)(1)(B) (governmental interference); § 2244(d)(1)(C) (new right made 27 retroactive); § 2244(d)(1)(D) (new factual predicate). 28 Pace v. DiGuglielmo, 544 U.S. 408, 416 n.6 (2005). 1 2 under state law); Wixom v. Washington, 264 F.3d 894, 897-98 (9th Cir. 2001) (it is 3 the decision of the state appellate court, and not the ministerial act of issuing the 4 mandate, that renders review final). Because Petitioner did not file a petition for 5 review with the California Supreme Court following the California Court of 6 Appeal’s June 30, 2016 decision, his criminal judgment was final under Section 7 2244(d)(1)(A) 40 days later, i.e., on August 9, 2016. See Waldrip v. Hall, 548 F.3d 8 729, 735 (9th Cir. 2008); Smith v. Duncan, 297 F.3d 809, 813 (9th Cir. 2002); Rules 9 8.366(b)(1) and 8.500(e)(1) of the California Rules of Court. Petitioner’s limitations 10 period commenced running the next day (August 10, 2016). See 28 U.S.C. § 11 2244(d)(1)(A); Wixom, 264 F.3d at 897. Therefore, Petitioner had until August 9, 12 2017, in which to file a timely federal habeas petition, absent statutory or equitable 13 tolling. 14 28 U.S.C. § 2244(d)(2) suspends the limitations period for the time during which 15 a “properly-filed” application for post-conviction relief is “pending” in state court. 16 In addition, in appropriate circumstances, statutory tolling may be afforded “during 17 the intervals between the denial of a petition by one court and the filing of a new 18 petition at the next level, if there is not undue delay.” Biggs v. Terhune, 339 F.3d 19 1045, 1046 (9th Cir. 2003); see also Carey v. Saffold, 536 U.S. 214, 219-25 (2002) 20 (in California cases, a post-conviction matter is “pending” between the denial of a 21 petition in a lower court and the filing, “within a reasonable time,” of a “further 22 original state habeas petition in a higher court”). Continuous tolling under Section 23 2244(d)(2) – commonly referred to as interval or gap tolling – is available only if a 24 prisoner acted promptly in seeking relief at the next state court level. See Evans v. 25 Chavis, 546 U.S. 189, 191-92; Pace, 544 U.S. at 413-14. 26 As the above description of Petitioner’s prior proceedings shows, he did file a 27 series of state habeas petitions, and his first such petition was “filed,” according to 28 him, on August 31, 2017, although not formally filed until September 7, 2017. The 1 2 mailing, and for purposes of argument, will assume that allegation is true. Even so, 3 Petitioner did not mail his first state court habeas petition until 22 days after his 4 limitations period already had expired. As a result, neither that trial court habeas 5 petition nor the two that followed it in the state appellate and high courts can serve 6 as any basis for statutory tolling. See, e.g., Laws v. Lamarque, 351 F.3d 919, 922 7 (9th Cir. 2003) (“because [petitioner] did not file his first state petition until after his 8 eligibility for federal habeas had already elapsed, statutory tolling cannot save his 9 claim in the first instance”); Ferguson v. Palmateer, 321 F.3d 820, 823 (9th Cir. 10 2003) (“section 2244(d) does not permit the reinitiation of the limitations period that 11 has ended before the state petition was filed”); Jiminez v. Rice, 276 F.3d 478, 482 12 (9th Cir. 2001) (state habeas petition filed “well after the AEDPA statute of 13 limitations ended” did not save federal petition from being untimely). 14 Accordingly, Section 2244(d)(2) tolling is inapplicable here, and Petitioner’s 15 limitations period expired on August 9, 2017 – almost two years before he mailed 16 the instant Request and Petition to the Court. The Petition thus is untimely absent 17 equitable tolling. 18 The limitations period for Section 2254 petitions is subject to equitable tolling in 19 appropriate circumstances. Holland v. Florida, 560 U.S. 631, 645-49 (2010). 20 However, application of the equitable tolling doctrine is the exception rather than 21 the norm. See, e.g., Waldron-Ramsey v. Pacholke, 556 F.3d 1008, 1011 (9th Cir. 22 2009) (characterizing the Ninth Circuit’s “application of the doctrine” as “sparing” 23 and a “rarity”); Miles v. Prunty, 187 F.3d 1104, 1107 (9th Cir. 1999) (“equitable 24 tolling is unavailable in most cases”). A habeas petitioner may receive equitable 25 tolling only if he “shows ‘(1) that he has been pursuing his rights diligently, and (2) 26 that some extraordinary circumstance stood in his way’ and prevented timely filing.” 27 Holland, 560 U.S. at 649 (citation omitted); see also Pace, 544 U.S. at 418 & n.8. 28 Both elements must be met. Id. at 418 (finding that the petitioner was not entitled to 1 2 petitioner seeking application of the doctrine bears the burden of showing that it 3 should apply. Id.; see also Lawrence v. Florida, 549 U.S. 327, 336 (2007) (to 4 receive equitable tolling, the petitioner must prove the above two requirements). 5 Nothing in the Petition or the available record supports finding that equitable 6 tolling applies here to render the Petition timely. With respect to Petitioner’s delay 7 after the California Court of Appeal’s decision was final in early August 2016, he 8 alleges that his appellate counsel “abandon[ed]” him and, because it was too late to 9 file a petition for review in the California Supreme Court, “the remaining time was 10 spent on filing a complaint and a habeas corpus.” (Petition at 3.) Petitioner, 11 however, did not file his complaint against appellate counsel until 16 months after 12 the California Court of Appeal’s decision had become final, and he did not submit 13 his trial court habeas petition (raising a single ineffective assistance claim) for filing 14 until over a year after that same date. There is no tenable reason why Petitioner 15 delayed so long in taking these actions, much less any basis for finding that an 16 extraordinary circumstance prevented Petitioner from acting diligently. See 17 Guillory v. Roe, 329 F.3d 1015, 1016, 1018 (9th Cir. 2003) (declining to afford 18 equitable tolling, despite a circumstance that otherwise would warrant it, when the 19 petitioner failed to act diligently in exhausting his claims); Miles, 187 F.3d at1107 20 (equitable tolling is not appropriate when it is the petitioner’s own conduct, rather 21 than “external forces,” which account for the failure to timely seek federal habeas 22 relief); see also Lawrence, 594 U.S. at 336 (equitable tolling is not available unless 23 the petitioner meets his burden of showing “that he has been pursuing his rights 24 diligently”); Bryant v. Arizona Att. Gen., 499 F.3d 1056, 1061 (9th Cir. 2007) (“A 25 petitioner must show that his untimeliness was caused by an external impediment 26 and not by his own lack of diligence.”); Spitsyn v. Moore, 345 F.3d 796, 802 (9th 27 Cir. 2003) (if the petitioner “‘has not exercised reasonable diligence in attempting to 28 file’” despite impediments, “‘the link of causation between the extraordinary 1 2 therefore did not prevent timely filing’”) (citation omitted). 3 In addition, after the California Supreme Court denied habeas relief on August 4 22, 2018, Petitioner delayed almost 11 months before mailing the Petition to this 5 Court, even though, as he alleges, it raises the same claims as were raised in his 6 California Supreme Court habeas petition. There is no logical reason why Petitioner 7 simply did not resubmit his already-formulated and raised claims here on a prompt 8 basis once the state high court denied relief. See Waldrip, 548 F.3d at 737 (finding 9 that a delay between two state habeas petitions was unjustified when the two 10 petitions were “nearly identical,” and thus, the second one “easily” could have been 11 filed sooner); see also Velasquez v. Kirkland, 639 F.3d 964, 968 (9th Cir. 2011) 12 (when habeas petitions were nearly identical, it was unreasonable for “excess time” 13 to pass between the denial of one and the filing of the other). Indeed, it is 14 inexplicable that, according to Exhibit 5 to the Request, Petitioner did not request a 15 Section 2254 habeas petition form to use for his federal court filing until June 12, 16 2019, almost ten months after the conclusion of his state habeas proceedings. And 17 while the Court acknowledges the evidence attached to the Request indicating that, 18 following a late February 2019 transfer, Petitioner did not obtain his property until 19 on or about May 1, 2019, nothing in the record provides a tenable excuse for why 20 Petitioner did not act diligently before then, i.e., within a reasonably prompt period 21 after the California Supreme Court’s August 22, 2018 decision denying the same 22 claims now alleged here. In any event, any three-month delay in Petitioner’s receipt 23 of his property following his February 2019 transfer is irrelevant, given that his 24 limitations period had expired at least a year and a half earlier on August 9, 2017. 25 The same conclusion is true as to Petitioner’s complaints, in the Request, about 26 allegedly impaired law library access and a delay in obtaining a trust account 27 statement in June 2019; these events occurred well after his limitations period 28 already had run, and cannot retroactively resurrect or extend it. 1 2 extraordinary circumstance that prevented Petitioner from seeking federal habeas 3 relief on a timely basis. Rather, it appears that it was Petitioner’s substantial delays, 4 both following the California Court of Appeal’s decision and following the 5 California Supreme Court’s decision, that caused the Petition to be as untimely as it 6 is now. There simply is no basis for finding either prong of the equitable tolling 7 doctrine to be met. Accordingly, absent further evidence, both the Petition and the 8 related Request remain untimely by close to two years. 9 10 * * * * * 11 12 District courts are permitted to consider, sua sponte, whether a petition is 13 untimely and to dismiss a petition that is untimely on its face after providing the 14 petitioner with the opportunity to be heard. Day v. McDonough, 547 U.S. 198, 209 15 (2006); Wentzell v. Neven, 674 F.3d 1124, 1126 (9th Cir. 2012). In addition, Rule 4 16 of the Rules Governing Section 2254 Cases in the United States District Courts 17 requires summary dismissal of Section 2254 petitions “[i]f it plainly appears from 18 the petition and any attached exhibits that the petitioner is not entitled to relief in the 19 district court.” Rule 4, 28 U.S.C. foll. § 2254. 20 Accordingly, Petitioner is ORDERED TO SHOW CAUSE why this action 21 should not be dismissed on the ground of untimeliness. By no later than September 22 10, 2019, Petitioner shall file a Response to this Order To Show Cause addressing 23 this issue as follows: if Petitioner concedes that this action is untimely, he shall so 24 state clearly; but if Petitioner disputes that this action is untimely, he must explain 25 clearly and in detail why it is not untimely and provide any available competent 26 evidence that establishes the timeliness of this action. 27 /// 28 /// 1 Petitioner is explicitly cautioned that his failure to comply with this Order 2 || will be deemed to constitute a concession that this action may be dismissed on 3 || the ground of untimeliness. 4 IT IS SO ORDERED. 5 UnpaT 6 || DATED: August 6, 2019 7 GAIL J. STANDISH UNITED STATES MAGISTRATE JUDGE 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 10