(PC) Houston v. Eldridge ( 2020 )

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 9 FOR THE EASTERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 10 11 WILLIAM HOUSTON, No. 2: 16-cv-2561 WBS KJN P 12 Plaintiff, 13 v. ORDER AND FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 14 L. ELDRIDGE, et al., 15 Defendants. 16 17 Introduction 18 Plaintiff is a state prisoner, proceeding through counsel, with a civil rights action pursuant 19 to 42 U.S.C. § 1983. Pending before the court is defendants’ December 5, 2019 motion to stay 20 this action. (ECF No. 125.) For the reasons stated herein, the undersigned recommends that 21 defendants’ motion be granted. 22 This action is set for a pretrial conference before the Honorable William B. Shubb on 23 February 18, 2020. (ECF No. 114.) This action is set for jury trial before Judge Shubb on April 24 21, 2020. (Id.) Based on the recommendation that this action be stayed, the pretrial conference 25 and jury trial are vacated. 26 //// 27 //// 28 //// 1 Plaintiff’s Failure to Oppose 2 Defendants noticed the motion to stay for hearing before the undersigned on January 9, 3 2020. (ECF No. 125.) Plaintiff failed to oppose or otherwise respond to the motion. 4 Accordingly, on January 7, 2020, the undersigned vacated the January 9, 2020 hearing and 5 ordered plaintiff to show cause why sanctions should not be imposed for his failure to respond to 6 defendants’ motion. (ECF No. 127.) 7 On January 14, 2020, plaintiff’s counsel filed an opposition to the motion to stay and a 8 response to the order to show cause. (ECF No. 128.) Good cause appearing, the order to show 9 cause is discharged. 10 Plaintiff’s Claims 11 Following summary judgment, this action proceeds on the following claims: 1) on 12 February 5, 2016, defendants Brewer, Huynh, Anderson and Stanfield used excessive force 13 and/or failed to intervene when excessive force was used against plaintiff; 2) defendants Brewer, 14 Padilla and Huynh used excessive force against plaintiff during the first July 17, 2016 incident; 15 and 3) defendant Nyberg, Barajas, Morales, Stuhr, Rowe and Pacheco used excessive force 16 against plaintiff during the second July 17, 2016 incident. 17 February 5, 2016 Incident 18 Plaintiff alleges that on February 5, 2016, he returned to California State Prison- 19 Sacramento (“CSP-Sac”) after being out to court at California State Prison-Lancaster (“CSP- 20 Lancaster”). Plaintiff alleges that defendants Brewer and Huynh came to Receiving and Release 21 (“R & R”) to escort plaintiff to his cell in A Facility, 3 Building, Cell 107. Plaintiff alleges that 22 once they arrived at Cell 107, plaintiff noticed that the cell was dirty. Plaintiff told defendants 23 that the cell was dirty and that it was supposed to be clean for new arrivals. Defendant Brewer 24 became angry and said, “O.K. We’re going to do our job.” Defendants Brewer and Huynh then 25 took plaintiff through the A Section side door into B Section and put plaintiff in the B Section 26 cage. Defendants left plaintiff in handcuffs and leg irons. 27 Plaintiff alleges that defendants Brewer and Huynh returned with defendant Anderson. As 28 they approached the cage they said, “Let’s go.” Plaintiff had a gut feeling that they were going to 1 harm him. Plaintiff stated, “I’m not going anywhere until I see the Lieutenant.” Defendant 2 Brewer then opened the cage, snatched plaintiff out by the left shoulder and arm and violently 3 shoved plaintiff into the hallway of the A3 Building Rotunda blind area. Defendants Huynh and 4 Anderson followed plaintiff and defendant Brewer into the rotunda. Once they had plaintiff in 5 the rotunda blind area, defendant Brewer ordered defendant Stanfield to put a spit mask over 6 plaintiff’s head. Then defendant Brewer slammed plaintiff’s face against the wall. Defendant 7 Brewer grabbed the back of plaintiff’s head and started repeatedly bashing plaintiff’s face into the 8 wall. 9 Plaintiff begged defendant Brewer to stop the assault and asked to be taken to his cell. 10 Defendant Brewer replied, “If I take you to your cell, you’re just going to talk shit…You know 11 what? You just assaulted an officer.” Defendant Brewer then took plaintiff to the floor and 12 started punching and elbowing plaintiff in the face over and over again. Defendant Brewer 13 screamed, “Stop resisting!” Defendant Huynh then started jumping up and down on plaintiff’s 14 low back and rib area. 15 Plaintiff alleges that defendants Anderson and Stanfield later claimed that they were not 16 present during the assault. 17 Plaintiff later received a fabricated rules violation report accusing plaintiff of headbutting 18 and assaulting defendant Brewer. 19 First July 17, 2016 Incident 20 On July 17, 2016, when defendants Brewer and Huynh saw plaintiff on the exercise yard, 21 defendant Brewer said, “You’re out of handcuffs now, so do something! Do something!” 22 Plaintiff alleges that as he walked to his building, defendant Brewer charged him from behind. 23 Defendant Brewer then twisted plaintiff around and started punching plaintiff in the face. 24 Plaintiff alleges that defendants Padilla and Huynh tackled plaintiff to the ground and had their 25 knees in plaintiff’s back. Plaintiff alleges that defendant Brewer then tried to poke plaintiff’s 26 eyes out with his fingers. 27 Plaintiff alleges that defendant Brewer wrote another fabricated rules violation report 28 based on this first July 17, 2016 incident alleging that plaintiff threatened to commit crimes of 1 violence against him. 2 Second July 17, 2016 Incident 3 Plaintiff alleges that later on July 17, 2016, plaintiff was placed in administrative 4 segregation (“ad seg”) in A Facility Building 5. As soon as plaintiff entered the building, 5 escorting officer Nyberg asked plaintiff, “What happened earlier?” Defendant Nyberg then 6 tripped plaintiff and slammed plaintiff against the ground. Defendants Nyberg, Barajas, Morales, 7 Stuhr, Rowe and Pacheco assaulted plaintiff. 8 Discussion 9 In the pending motion, defendants request that this action be stayed pursuant to Heck v. 10 Humphrey. In Heck v. Humphrey, 512 U.S. 477, 486-87 (1994), the Supreme Court held: 11 [T]o recover damages for an allegedly unconstitutional conviction or imprisonment, or for other harm caused by actions whose lawfulness 12 would render a conviction or sentence invalid, a § 1983 plaintiff must prove that the conviction or sentence has been reversed on direct 13 appeal, expunged by executive order, declared invalid by a state tribunal authorized to make such determination, or called into 14 question by a federal court's issuance of a writ of habeas corpus[.] 15 512 U.S. at 487. 16 In the pending motion, defendants state that plaintiff is currently being prosecuted by 17 Sacramento County “for his actions pertaining to July 17, 2016, and conviction against plaintiff 18 will likely result in barring plaintiff’s July 17, 2016 claim in this court under Heck v. Humphrey, 19 512 U.S. 477 (1994).” (ECF No. 125-1 at 2.) Defendants request that this case be stayed 20 pending resolution of plaintiff’s criminal proceedings. 21 In the pending motion, defendants request that the court take judicial notice of a criminal 22 complaint filed against plaintiff in Sacramento County Superior Court on October 26, 2016. 23 (ECF No. 126.) This criminal complaint charges plaintiff with committing felony battery on July 24 17, 2016, against defendants Brewer and Padilla, resisting defendant Brewer (felony), and four 25 prior convictions. (Id.) This complaint does not charge plaintiff with assaulting defendant 26 Huynh, who plaintiff alleges assaulted him during the first July 17, 2016 incident. (Id.) 27 In the pending motion, defendants do not clarify whether the prosecution concerns the 28 first or second July 17, 2016 incident. However, based on the summary judgment motion and 1 criminal complaint, it appears that plaintiff’s criminal prosecution concerns the first July 17, 2016 2 incident. 3 Heck does not bar a plaintiff from bringing an action raising claims challenging ongoing 4 criminal proceedings. However, Wallace v. Kato, 549 U.S. 384, 393-94 (2007), explains that 5 such an action should be stayed: 6 [i]f plaintiff files a false-arrest claim before he [or she] has been convicted (or files any other claim related to rulings that likely will 7 be made in a pending or anticipated criminal trial), it is within the power of the district court, and in accord with common practice, to 8 stay the civil action until the criminal case or the likelihood of a criminal case is ended. 9 10 459 U.S. 393-94. 11 Later, “[i]f the plaintiff is convicted, and if the stayed civil suit would impugn that 12 conviction, Heck requires dismissal; otherwise, the case may proceed.” Yuan v. City of Los 13 Angeles, 2010 WL 3632810 at *5 (C.D. Cal. Aug. 19, 2010) (citing Wallace, 549 U.S. at 393); 14 Peyton v. Burdick, 358 Fed.Appx. 961 (9th Cir. 2009) (vacating judgment in a § 1983 case where 15 claims implicated rulings likely to be made in pending state court criminal proceedings and 16 remanding for district court to stay action until pending state court proceedings concluded). 17 The criminal complaint does not describe the facts on which the criminal charges against 18 plaintiff are based. It is possible that defendants could have used excessive force against plaintiff 19 even if plaintiff committed battery against them during the first July 17, 2016 incident. 20 Nevertheless, because a finding that defendants Brewer and Padilla used excessive force against 21 plaintiff during the first July 17, 2016 incident in the instant action could invalidate the ongoing 22 criminal proceedings or be “related to rulings that will likely be made in a pending or anticipated 23 criminal trial,” Wallace, 549 U.S. at 393, plaintiff’s claims regarding the first July 17, 2016 24 incident should be stayed. See Martinez v. Cty. of Santa Clara, 2017 WL 2180985, at *3–4 (N.D. 25 Cal. May 18, 2017) (granting stay of action alleging excessive force claims where the allegations 26 in the civil action “ar[o]se from the same series of events and involve[d] overlapping issues of 27 fact” as the plaintiff’s felony criminal complaint); Monday v. McDonnell, 2015 WL 3970341, at 28 *3 (C.D. Cal. June 30, 2015) (granting stay where “[t]he criminal charges may [ ] be relevant to 1 the resolution of the Complaint’s excessive force claim”). 2 It is possible that even if plaintiff is eventually convicted, plaintiff’s claims regarding the 3 first July 17, 2016 incident will not be barred under Heck in their entirety to the extent the facts 4 underlying the conviction and the civil claims do not overlap. See Hooper v. Cty. of San Diego, 5 629 F.3d 1127, 1134 (9th Cir. 2011) (finding excessive force claims not barred by Heck “when 6 the conviction and the [Section] 1983 claim are based on different actions during ‘one continuous 7 transaction.’”). However, the extent of that overlap and the scope of the Heck bar can only be 8 determined after a conviction occurs. See Hopkins v. Contra Costa County Sheriff, 2012 WL 9 2063112 at *2 (N.D. Cal. 2012) (“In cases such as this one, where there is no extant conviction, it 10 is appropriate to follow the [United States] Supreme Court’s suggestion and stay the case.”). 11 For the reasons discussed above, the undersigned recommends that plaintiff’s claim 12 regarding the first July 17, 2016 incident be stayed. 13 In the pending motion, defendants also argue that plaintiff’s claim regarding the February 14 5, 2016 incident may also be Heck barred because plaintiff was found guilty of a rules violation 15 based on that incident. In the summary judgment motion, defendants argued that plaintiff’s 16 excessive force claim regarding the February 5, 2015 incident and second July 17, 2016 incident 17 were Heck barred because plaintiff was found guilty of disciplinary convictions related to these 18 incidents for which he was assessed time credits. (ECF No. 87 at 21.) 19 In the opposition to the summary judgment motion, plaintiff argued that although he was 20 assessed time credits following disciplinary convictions related to the February 5, 2016 and 21 second July 17, 2016 incidents, his sentence was not extended by these assessments. (Id. at 22.) 22 In the reply to plaintiff’s opposition, defendants conceded that by the time plaintiff received the 23 rules violation convictions, he was no longer able to have additional time added to his 24 confinement. (Id.) In the findings and recommendations addressing the summary judgment 25 motion, the undersigned found that, “Thus, defendants appear to withdraw their argument that 26 these claims are Heck barred. Accordingly, the undersigned will not address this issue in these 27 findings and recommendations.” (Id.) Defendants did not object to this finding. 28 //// 1 Based on the record discussed above, the undersigned is puzzled by defendants’ argument 2 in the pending motion that plaintiff’s claims regarding the February 5, 2016 incident are Heck 3 barred. Because defendants appeared to concede in summary judgment proceedings that 4 plaintiff’s claim regarding the February 5, 2016 incident were not Heck barred, defendants’ 5 current argument that plaintiff’s claims regarding the February 5, 2016 incident are Heck barred 6 is not well supported. 7 Finally, the undersigned considers whether this entire action should be stayed, or only 8 plaintiff’s claim regarding the first July 17, 2016 incident. 9 A district court has “broad discretion to stay proceedings as an incident to its power to 10 control its own docket.” Clinton v. Jones, 520 U.S. 681, 706 (1997) (citing Landis v. N. Am. Co., 11 299 U.S. 248, 254 (1936)). “‘A trial court may, with propriety, find it is efficient for its own 12 docket and the fairest course for the parties to enter a stay of an action before it, pending 13 resolution of independent proceedings which bear upon the case.’” Mediterranean Enters., Inc. v. 14 Ssangyong Corp., 708 F.2d 1458, 1465 (9th Cir. 1983) (quoting Leyva v. Certified Grocers of 15 California, Ltd., 593 F.2d 857, 863 (9th Cir. 1979)). 16 In determining whether to grant a motion to stay, a court should generally consider the 17 following factors: 18 (1) the interest of the plaintiffs in proceeding expeditiously with this litigation or any particular aspect of it, and the potential prejudice to 19 plaintiffs of a delay; (2) the burden which any particular aspect of the proceedings may impose on defendants; (3) the convenience of the 20 court in the management of its cases, and the efficient use of judicial resources; (4) the interests of persons not parties to the civil 21 litigation; and (5) the interest of the public in the pending civil and criminal litigation. 22 23 24 Keating v. Office of Thrift Supervision, 45 F.3d 322, 324–25 (9th Cir. 1995); see Blue Cross & 25 Blue Shield of Alabama v. Unity Outpatient Surgery Ctr., Inc., 490 F.3d 718, 724 (9th Cir. 2007). 26 While plaintiff has an interest in proceeding expeditiously with this litigation, the 27 undersigned finds that the other factors set forth above warrant staying this entire action until 28 plaintiff’s criminal proceedings regarding the first July 17, 2016 incident are resolved. If this 1 | action is not stayed, defendants may be required to defend related claims at two separate trials. In 2 | addition, staying this action promotes the efficient use of judicial resources by having one trial 3 | rather than (potentially) two trials. The undersigned also finds that the interest of the public in the 4 | pending civil and criminal actions is better served by staying this action. Accordingly, the 5 | undersigned recommends that this entire action be stayed pending resolution of plaintiff's 6 | criminal proceedings. 7 Because the criminal complaint was filed against plaintiff over three years ago, defendants 8 || are ordered to file a status report within thirty days of the order adopting these findings and 9 | recommendations addressing the status of the criminal proceedings. 10 Accordingly, IT IS HEREBY ORDERED that: 11 1. The pretrial conference set for February 18, 2020, and the jury trial set for April 21, 12 2020, before Judge Shubb are vacated; 13 2. Within thirty days of the order adopting these findings and recommendations, 14 defendants shall file a status report addressing the status of the criminal proceedings; 15 and 16 IT IS HEREBY RECOMMENDED that defendants’ motion to stay (ECF No. 125) be 17 | granted. 18 These findings and recommendations are submitted to the United States District Judge 19 | assigned to the case, pursuant to the provisions of 28 U.S.C. § 636(b)(). Within fourteen days 20 | after being served with these findings and recommendations, any party may file written 21 | objections with the court and serve a copy on all parties. Such a document should be captioned 22 | “Objections to Magistrate Judge’s Findings and Recommendations.” Any response to the 23 | objections shall be filed and served within fourteen days after service of the objections. The 24 | parties are advised that failure to file objections within the specified time may waive the right to 25 || appeal the District Court’s order. Martinez v. YIst, 951 F.2d 1153 (9th Cir. 1991). 26 | Dated: January 23, 2020 27 | Hou2561.stay Fe □□ Al Nhecrnreen. 28 KENDALL J. NE UNITED STATES MAGISTRATE JUDGE