American River AG., Inc. v. Global Natural, LLC ( 2020 )

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 9 FOR THE EASTERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 10 11 AMERICAN RIVER AG. INC., No. 2:18-cv-00377-TLN-CKD 12 Plaintiff, ORDER AND 13 v. FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 14 GLOBAL NATURAL, LLC, et al., (ECF No. 18) 15 Defendants. 16 17 Presently before the court is American River Ag., Inc.’s motion for default judgment 18 against defendants Global Natural, LLC and J. Michael Spangler. (ECF No. 18.) Defendants 19 have not responded to plaintiff’s motion or complaint. After defendants failed to file an 20 opposition to the motion in accordance with Local Rule 230(c), the motion was submitted on the 21 record and written briefing pursuant to Local Rule 230(g). (ECF No. 23.) 22 For the reasons discussed below, the court recommends that plaintiff’s motion for default 23 judgment be GRANTED on the terms outlined below. 24 BACKGROUND 25 Plaintiff’s complaint alleges that defendants failed to provide plaintiff with certain goods 26 in violation of the parties’ agreements. (See ECF No. 1.) Plaintiff’s complaint asserts three 27 counts of breach of contract against Global Natural. Plaintiff first alleges that it entered into four 28 contracts to purchase organic soybeans and organic corn from defendant Global Natural in 1 December 2016 and that Global Natural breached these contracts by failing to deliver the agreed- 2 upon goods, causing $365,100.00 in damages. (Id. at 3.) Plaintiff’s second count alleges breach 3 of a distinct contract that called for plaintiff to recondition and sell damaged organic soybeans 4 provided by Global Natural. (Id. at 5-7.) Plaintiff asserts that Global Natural breached this 5 contract by providing non-organic soybeans, causing $888,931.62 in damages. (Id at 7.) The 6 final breach of contract count alleges that Global Natural was to pay plaintiff for nine deliveries 7 of soybeans and has failed to perform, resulting in $157,430.30 in damages. (Id.) 8 Plaintiff also makes a breach of express warranty claim against defendant Spangler, 9 jointly and severally with Global Natural, for representing that the contracted-for produce was 10 organic. (Id. at 4.) These claims correspond with the first and second breach of contract counts. 11 Plaintiff seeks $1,411,461.92 from Global Natural and $1,254,031.62 from Spangler. 12 Plaintiff filed the present action on February 12, 2018. (ECF No. 1.) Plaintiff served 13 Global Natural and Michael Spangler on February 27, 2018 and March 8, 2018, respectively. 14 (ECF Nos. 4, 5.) Defendants failed to file a timely responsive pleading, and plaintiff 15 subsequently requested, and the clerk entered, defaults against both defendants. (ECF Nos. 6, 7.) 16 Plaintiff then filed a motion for the clerk to enter a default judgment pursuant to Rule 55(b)(1), 17 which was denied, and a motion for default judgment under Rule 55(b)(2), which the court denied 18 due to insufficient legal analysis. (ECF Nos. 9, 13, 14, 15.) Presently before the court is 19 plaintiff’s renewed motion for default judgment against both defendants. (ECF No. 18.) 20 LEGAL STANDARDS 21 Pursuant to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 55, default may be entered against a party 22 against whom a judgment for affirmative relief is sought who fails to plead or otherwise defend 23 against the action. See Fed. R. Civ. P. 55(a). However, “[a] defendant’s default does not 24 automatically entitle the plaintiff to a court-ordered judgment.” PepsiCo, Inc. v. Cal. Sec. Cans, 25 238 F. Supp. 2d 1172, 1174 (C.D. Cal. 2002) (citing Draper v. Coombs, 792 F.2d 915, 924-25 26 (9th Cir. 1986)). Instead, the decision to grant or deny an application for default judgment lies 27 within the district court’s sound discretion. Aldabe v. Aldabe, 616 F.2d 1089, 1092 (9th Cir. 28 1980). In making this determination, the court considers the following factors: 1 (1) the possibility of prejudice to the plaintiff, (2) the merits of plaintiff’s substantive claim, (3) the sufficiency of the complaint, (4) 2 the sum of money at stake in the action[,] (5) the possibility of a dispute concerning material facts[,] (6) whether the default was due 3 to excusable neglect, and (7) the strong policy underlying the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure favoring decisions on the merits. 4 5 Eitel v. McCool, 782 F.2d 1470, 1471-72 (9th Cir. 1986). Default judgments are ordinarily 6 disfavored. Id. at 1472. 7 As a general rule, once default is entered, well-pleaded factual allegations in the operative 8 complaint are taken as true, except for those allegations relating to damages. TeleVideo Sys., Inc. 9 v. Heidenthal, 826 F.2d 915, 917-18 (9th Cir. 1987) (per curiam) (citing Geddes v. United Fin. 10 Group, 559 F.2d 557, 560 (9th Cir. 1977) (per curiam)); accord Fair Housing of Marin v. Combs, 11 285 F.3d 899, 906 (9th Cir. 2002). In addition, although well-pleaded allegations in the 12 complaint are admitted by a defendant’s failure to respond, “necessary facts not contained in the 13 pleadings, and claims which are legally insufficient, are not established by default.” Cripps v. 14 Life Ins. Co. of N. Am., 980 F.2d 1261, 1267 (9th Cir. 1992) (citing Danning v. Lavine, 572 F.2d 15 1386, 1388 (9th Cir. 1978)); accord DIRECTV, Inc. v. Hoa Huynh, 503 F.3d 847, 854 (9th Cir. 16 2007) (noting that a defendant does not admit facts that are not well-pled or conclusions of law); 17 Abney v. Alameida, 334 F. Supp. 2d 1221, 1235 (S.D. Cal. 2004) (“[A] default judgment may not 18 be entered on a legally insufficient claim.”). A party’s default does not establish the amount of 19 damages. Geddes, 559 F.2d at 560. 20 DISCUSSION 21 Appropriateness of the Entry of Default Judgment Under the Eitel Factors 22 1. Factor One: Possibility of Prejudice to Plaintiff 23 The first Eitel factor considers whether the plaintiff would suffer prejudice if default 24 judgment is not entered, and such potential prejudice to the plaintiff militates in favor of granting 25 a default judgment. See PepsiCo, Inc., 238 F. Supp. 2d at 1177. Plaintiff filed suit more than two 26 years ago, and defendants have failed to respond to plaintiff’s complaint or otherwise put forth a 27 defense in this action. The present litigation therefore cannot move forward, prejudicing plaintiff 28 by leaving it no other recourse but to seek a default judgment. Accordingly, the first factor 1 weighs in favor of entering default judgment. 2 2. Factors Two and Three: The Merits of Plaintiff’s Substantive Claim and the 3 Sufficiency of the Complaint 4 The court considers the merits of plaintiff’s substantive claim and the sufficiency of the 5 complaint together due to the relatedness of the two inquiries. The court must consider whether 6 the allegations in the complaint are sufficient to state a claim on which plaintiff may recover. See 7 Danning, 572 F.2d at 1388; PepsiCo, Inc., 238 F. Supp. 2d at 1175. 8 Plaintiffs causes of action sound in breach of contract against Global Natural1 and breach 9 of express warranty as to Spangler. Accordingly, the court analyzes each in turn. 10 “[T]he elements of a cause of action for breach of contract are (1) the existence of the 11 contract, (2) plaintiff’s performance or excuse for nonperformance, (3) defendant’s breach, and 12 (4) the resulting damages to plaintiff.” Oasis West Realty, LLC v. Goldman, 51 Cal.4th 811, 821 13 (2011). First, plaintiff has sufficiently pleaded the existence of each contract. Similarly, plaintiff 14 has established its own performance, or excuse for nonperformance, and defendant’s breach for 15 each count. Specifically, plaintiff alleges that Global Natural failed to deliver organic products, 16 as agreed to, and also failed to pay plaintiff after plaintiff shipped soybeans to defendant. (ECF 17 No. 1 at 3, 6, 7.) As discussed in more detail below, plaintiff has also sufficiently pleaded 18 damages as a result of Global Natural’s breaches. (Id. at 3, 7.) Plaintiff’s claims against Global 19 Natural for breach of contract are therefore meritorious and sufficiently pleaded. 20 Plaintiff also asserts a claim of breach of express warranty against Michael Spangler 21 premised on Mr. Spangler’s misrepresentation that certain goods were organic. (Id. at 4.) This 22 claim involves the same facts underlying plaintiff’s two breach of contract claims against Global 23 Natural for failure to produce organic goods. (ECF No. 19 at 9.) 24 “To prevail on a breach of express warranty claim, Plaintiffs must prove: (1) the seller’s 25 statements constitute an affirmation of fact or promise or a description of the goods; (2) the 26 27 1 Plaintiff also asserts claims of breach of implied warranty of merchantability, breach of express warranty, negligent misrepresentation, and goods sold and delivered against Global Natural. 28 However, these claims are in the alternative to plaintiff’s claims for breach of contract. 1 statement was part of the basis of the bargain; and (3) the warranty was breached.” Rugg v. 2 Johnson & Johnson, 2018 WL 3023493, at *4 (N.D. Cal. June 18, 2018) (internal quotation 3 marks and citation omitted). 4 Plaintiff has sufficiently pleaded that Michael Spangler warranted that the produce under 5 contract was organic, that statement was part of the basis of the parties’ bargain, and that 6 warranty was breached. (ECF No. 1 at 4.) Plaintiff’s claim against Michael Spangler for breach 7 of express warranty is therefore meritorious and sufficiently pleaded. 8 Accordingly, these two Eitel factors favor enter of default judgment against both 9 defendants. 10 3. Factor Four: The Sum of Money at Stake in the Action 11 Under the fourth factor cited in Eitel, “the court must consider the amount of money at stake 12 in relation to the seriousness of Defendant’s conduct.” PepsiCo, Inc., 238 F. Supp. 2d at 1176-77; 13 see also Philip Morris USA, Inc. v. Castworld Prods., Inc., 219 F.R.D. 494, 500 (C.D. Cal. 2003). 14 In this case plaintiff is seeking $1,411,461.92, plus prejudgment interest and costs. (ECF No. 19 15 at 9.) While the amount is substantial, plaintiff has established that it is entitled to this sum by 16 sufficient proof. Accordingly, this factor does not weigh against entry of default judgment. 17 4. Factor Five: The Possibility of a Dispute Concerning Material Facts 18 The court may assume the truth of well-pleaded facts in the complaint following the 19 clerk’s entry of default. Thus, there is no likelihood that any genuine issue of material fact exists. 20 See, e.g., Elektra Entm’t Group Inc. v. Crawford, 226 F.R.D. 388, 393 (C.D. Cal. 2005) 21 (“Because all allegations in a well-pleaded complaint are taken as true after the court clerk enters 22 default judgment, there is no likelihood that any genuine issue of material fact exists”); accord 23 Philip Morris USA, Inc., 219 F.R.D. at 500; PepsiCo, Inc., 238 F. Supp. 2d at 1177. As such, the 24 court concludes that the fifth Eitel factor favors default judgment. 25 5. Factor Six: Whether the Default Was Due to Excusable Neglect 26 In this case, there is no indication in the record that defendants’ defaults were due to 27 excusable neglect. Despite having been served with plaintiff’s complaint, the request for entry of 28 default, and the instant motion for default judgment, defendants have failed to respond. 1 Accordingly, this Eitel factor favors the entry of a default judgment. 2 6. Factor Seven: The Strong Policy Underlying the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure 3 Favoring Decisions on the Merits 4 “Cases should be decided upon their merits whenever reasonably possible.” Eitel, 782 5 F.2d at 1472. However, district courts have concluded with regularity that this policy, standing 6 alone, is not dispositive, especially where a defendant fails to appear or defend itself in an action. 7 PepsiCo, Inc., 238 F. Supp. 2d at 1177; see also Craigslist, Inc. v. Naturemarket, Inc., 694 F. 8 Supp. 2d 1039, 1061 (N.D. Cal. 2010). Accordingly, although the court is cognizant of the policy 9 in favor of decisions on the merits—and consistent with existing policy would prefer that this 10 case be resolved on the merits—that policy does not, by itself, preclude the entry of default 11 judgment. 12 In sum, upon consideration of all the Eitel factors, the court concludes that plaintiff is 13 entitled to a default judgment against defendants and recommends that a default judgment be 14 entered. All that remains is a determination of the specific relief to which plaintiff is entitled. 15 Terms of the Judgment to be Entered 16 After determining that a party is entitled to entry of default judgment, the court must 17 determine the terms of the judgment to be entered. See Craigslist, Inc., 694 F. Supp. 2d at 1061. 18 Plaintiff seeks $1,411,461.92 against Global Natural and $1,254,031.62 against Michael 19 Spangler. (ECF No. 19 at 11.) According to plaintiff, these amounts “are cumulative and not 20 separate awards.” (Id. at 12) 21 Plaintiff has sufficiently shown that it is entitled to $1,254,031.62 jointly and severally 22 from Global Natural and Michael Spangler. This sum represents the two breach of contract 23 claims against Global Natural and the breach of express warranty claim against Michael 24 Spangler—all of which are premised defendants’ failure to provide organic produce. As a result 25 of defendants’ breaches plaintiff had to “cover” the produce and purchase goods from different 26 sellers, pursuant to California Commercial Code Sections 2711-2713, at a higher price. The 27 damages resulting from plaintiff covering the contracted-for produce and lost profits has been 28 sufficiently established by plaintiff. (ECF No. 21 at 3, 6.) 1 Plaintiff is also entitled to an additional $157,430.30 from Global Natural, based on 2 plaintiff’s breach of contract claim for which plaintiff provided defendant produce but was not 3 compensated. This is the amount contemplated by the parties’ agreement and evidenced by the 4 contract and corresponding invoices. (ECF No. 21 at 4.) 5 Plaintiff finally requests $50,275.59 in prejudgment interest against Global Natural 6 pursuant to California Civil Code Section 1916-1 and $659.96 in costs. (ECF No. 22 at 3-4.) 7 Plaintiff is entitled to these amounts. 8 CONCLUSION 9 IT IS HEREBY ORDERED that within five days of these findings and recommendations 10 being filed, plaintiff shall serve a copy of the findings and recommendations on defendants by 11 mail at the address where service of process was effected, or at any more recent address known to 12 plaintiff, and shall file a proof of such service forthwith. 13 Further, for the foregoing reasons, IT IS HEREBY RECOMMENDED that: 14 1. Plaintiff's motion for default judgment (ECF No. 18) be GRANTED. 15 2. Judgment be entered in plaintiff’s favor and against defendants. 16 3. Plaintiff be awarded $1,254,031.62 jointly and severally against defendants Global 17 Natural and Michael Spangler. 18 4. Plaintiff additionally be awarded $157,430.30 from Global Natural and $50,275.59 in 19 prejudgment interest from Global Natural. 20 5. Costs against defendants be assessed in the amount of $659.96. 21 These findings and recommendations are submitted to the United States District Judge 22 assigned to the case, pursuant to the provisions of 28 U.S.C. § 636(b)(l). Within fourteen (14) 23 days after being served with these findings and recommendations, any party may file written 24 objections with the court and serve a copy on all parties. Such a document should be captioned 25 “Objections to Magistrate Judge’s Findings and Recommendations.” Any reply to the objections 26 shall be served on all parties and filed with the court within fourteen (14) days after service of the 27 objections. The parties are advised that failure to file objections within the specified time may 28 waive the right to appeal the District Court’s order. Turner v. Duncan, 158 F.3d 449, 455 (9th MADE BOY VED EE ETAT NS ENE MUR IMAM REN PAYG VME 1 | Cir, 1998); Martinez v. Yist, 951 F.2d 1153, 1156-57 (9th Cir. 1991). 2 | Dated: June 10, 2020 Ie Ad /- Mt. Le 9 3 CAROLYN K.DELANEY 4 UNITED STATES MAGISTRATE JUDGE 5 6 7 8 9 | 16.river.377 10 ll 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28