(PC) Baker v. Lynch ( 2020 )

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 9 FOR THE EASTERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 10 11 TIMOTHY RAY BAKER, No. 2:19-CV-2617-KJM-DMC-P 12 Plaintiff, 13 v. FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 14 J. LYNCH, et al., 15 Defendants. 16 17 Plaintiff, a prisoner proceeding pro se, brings this civil rights action pursuant to 18 42 U.S.C. § 1983. Pending before the Court is plaintiff’s civil rights complaint (ECF No. 1). 19 The court is required to screen complaints brought by prisoners seeking relief 20 against a governmental entity or officer or employee of a governmental entity. See 28 U.S.C. 21 § 1915A(a). The court must dismiss a complaint or portion thereof if it: (1) is frivolous or 22 malicious; (2) fails to state a claim upon which relief can be granted; or (3) seeks monetary relief 23 from a defendant who is immune from such relief. See 28 U.S.C. § 1915A(b)(1), (2). Moreover, 24 the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure require that complaints contain a “. . . short and plain 25 statement of the claim showing that the pleader is entitled to relief.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 8(a)(2). This 26 means that claims must be stated simply, concisely, and directly. See McHenry v. Renne, 84 F.3d 27 1172, 1177 (9th Cir. 1996) (referring to Fed. R. Civ. P. 8(e)(1)). These rules are satisfied if the 28 complaint gives the defendant fair notice of the plaintiff’s claim and the grounds upon which it 1 rests. See Kimes v. Stone, 84 F.3d 1121, 1129 (9th Cir. 1996). Because plaintiff must allege 2 with at least some degree of particularity overt acts by specific defendants which support the 3 claims, vague and conclusory allegations fail to satisfy this standard. Additionally, it is 4 impossible for the court to conduct the screening required by law when the allegations are vague 5 and conclusory. 6 7 I. PLAINTIFF’S ALLEGATIONS 8 In its July 29, 2020, screening order, the Court summarizes plaintiff’s factual 9 allegations as follows: 10 Plaintiff names the following as defendants: (1) J. Lynch; (2) J. Howard; (3) J. Frederick; (4) D. Roth; (5) M. Hontz; and (6) A.W. 11 Peterson. See ECF No. 1, pg. 1. According to plaintiff, the events giving rise to the complaint occurred at California State Prison – Sacramento 12 (CSP-Sac.). See id. Plaintiff presents three claims. In his first claim, plaintiff alleges defendant J. Howard 13 wrote a racially biased “Informational Chrono” which contained false and fabricated concerns about plaintiff being aggressive and agitated whenever 14 she (J. Howard) was near him. Id. at 3. According to the Informational Chrono, J. Howard stated she was in fear for her safety in plaintiff’s 15 presence because plaintiff has a history of mental illness and incidents of violence against women. See id. Plaintiff also states the Informational 16 Chrono improperly referenced his “convictions against women” and a “history of aggression against women (commitment offenses).” Id. 17 Plaintiff alleges defendant Howard’s statement are “tantamount to discriminatory racial bias and defamation of character.” Id. Plaintiff 18 claims defendant Howard “created a pattern of false safety concerns amongst female employees. . . .” Id. Plaintiff states that he has never 19 assaulted a female prison staff member and that his commitment offense involved one woman – his estranged wife – and thus does not constitute a 20 history of aggression toward women. See id. According to plaintiff, J. Howard’s conduct has resulted in unnecessary and arbitrary extra security 21 precautions when plaintiff is involved with staff. See id. at 4. This, plaintiff states, in turn has resulted in difficult obtaining medical 22 appointments. Plaintiff also claims defendant Howard’s conduct is racially 23 motivated because plaintiff is black and defendant Howard is white. See id. at 5. Plaintiff alleges defendant Howard has a personal dislike for 24 plaintiff and suggests this may be due to his race. See id. Finally, plaintiff alleges defendant Howard’s conduct was in retaliation for plaintiff having 25 filed a staff complaint against her for failing to assist him in preparing for a parole hearing. See id. 26 Accompanying plaintiff’s first claim is a copy of a December 1, 2016, form “CDC-128B,” also known as an “Informational 27 Chrono,” completed by defendant Howard. See id. at 7. In this form, defendant Howard describes an incident that same day in which plaintiff 28 became belligerent after defendant Howard completed a “Form 22” which 1 denied plaintiff credit restoration. See id. According to defendant Howard: “Baker became belligerent and started to cuss at me saying ‘Fuck that 2 Bitch’ and ‘She a racist Bitch.’” Id. In his second claim, plaintiff alleges that, on November 21, 3 2019, defendant Howard and defendants Hontz and Roth – all members of the Classification Committee – denied him access to the C Yard “solely 4 because of the 128-A-B that CCI J. Howard fabricated falsely against me on December 1, 2016. . . .” Id. at 13. According to plaintiff, he was denied 5 access to C Yard programs due to the false safety concerns outlined by defendant Howard. In a one-page declaration accompanying plaintiff’s 6 second claim, plaintiff appears to state that defendants J. Frederick and A.W. Peterson was also members of the Classification Committee that met 7 on November 21, 2019. See id. at 6. In this declaration, plaintiff states that defendants conspired to put his health and safety in danger by requiring 8 him to be housed on B Yard instead of C Yard. See id. Plaintiff states B Yard is dangerous and violent, with three known murders occurring in a 9 30-day span. See id. Plaintiff states the Classification Committee defendants knew that B Yard was a hotbed of gang warfare. See id. 10 Plaintiff claims defendants’ conduct was based on the Informational Chrono fabricated by defendant Howard. See id. According to plaintiff, 11 while on B Yard he was violently attacked by other inmates on December 2, 2019. See id. at 16. 12 In his third claim, plaintiff claims that he has not been assigned to any groups, work, or other rehabilitative activities since 13 arriving on B Yard. See id. at 19. Plaintiff also states that he has not had access to adequate medical treatment. See id. Other than again mentioning 14 defendant Howard’s alleged fabrication of the Informational Chrono, plaintiff does not name any defendants with respect to his third claim. 15 ECF No. 14, pgs. 2-4. 16 17 18 II. DISCUSSION 19 On July 29, 2020, the Court screened plaintiff’s complaint, finding that he stated 20 some cognizable claims and other non-cognizable claims. See ECF No. 14. In the screening 21 order, the Court stated that: 22 The Court finds plaintiff states a cognizable claim for retaliation against defendant Howard based on plaintiff’s allegations that 23 defendant Howard took adverse action in falsifying an Informational Chrono because plaintiff had filed a staff complaint against her. The Court 24 also finds plaintiff states a cognizable safety claim against the Committee Defendants – Howard, Hontz, Frederick, Peterson, and Roth – based on 25 plaintiff’s allegations that these defendants placed him on B Yard despite their knowledge of danger related to ongoing gang warfare. 26 ECF No. 14, pg. 4. 27 28 / / / 1 The Court otherwise found plaintiff failed to state any other cognizable claims 2 against any other defendants. As to defendant Lynch, the Court stated: 3 Plaintiff alleges defendant Lynch is the prison warden. As such, this is a supervisory defendant. Supervisory personnel are generally 4 not liable under § 1983 for the actions of their employees. See Taylor v. List, 880 F.2d 1040, 1045 (9th Cir. 1989) (holding that there is no 5 respondeat superior liability under § 1983). A supervisor is only liable for the constitutional violations of subordinates if the supervisor participated 6 in or directed the violations. See id. The Supreme Court has rejected the notion that a supervisory defendant can be liable based on knowledge and 7 acquiescence in a subordinate’s unconstitutional conduct because government officials, regardless of their title, can only be held liable under 8 § 1983 for his or her own conduct and not the conduct of others. See Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 556 U.S. 662, 676 (2009). Supervisory personnel who 9 implement a policy so deficient that the policy itself is a repudiation of constitutional rights and the moving force behind a constitutional violation 10 may, however, be liable even where such personnel do not overtly participate in the offensive act. See Redman v. Cnty of San Diego, 942 11 F.2d 1435, 1446 (9th Cir. 1991) (en banc). When a defendant holds a supervisory position, the causal 12 link between such defendant and the claimed constitutional violation must be specifically alleged. See Fayle v. Stapley, 607 F.2d 858, 862 (9th Cir. 13 1979); Mosher v. Saalfeld, 589 F.2d 438, 441 (9th Cir. 1978). Vague and conclusory allegations concerning the involvement of supervisory 14 personnel in civil rights violations are not sufficient. See Ivey v. Board of Regents, 673 F.2d 266, 268 (9th Cir. 1982). “[A] plaintiff must plead that 15 each Government-official defendant, through the official’s own individual actions, has violated the constitution.” Iqbal, 662 U.S. at 676. Here, 16 plaintiff’s complaint is devoid of any allegations specific to defendant Lynch. Plaintiff will be provided an opportunity to amend. 17 ECF No. 14, pgs. 4-5. 18 19 As to the denial of medical care alleged in the complaint, the Court stated: 20 In his third claim, plaintiff makes a reference to the denial of adequate medical care since being assigned to B Yard. The treatment a 21 prisoner receives in prison and the conditions under which the prisoner is confined are subject to scrutiny under the Eighth Amendment, which 22 prohibits cruel and unusual punishment. See Helling v. McKinney, 509 U.S. 25, 31 (1993); Farmer v. Brennan, 511 U.S. 825, 832 (1994). The 23 Eighth Amendment “. . . embodies broad and idealistic concepts of dignity, civilized standards, humanity, and decency.” Estelle v. Gamble, 24 429 U.S. 97, 102 (1976). Conditions of confinement may, however, be harsh and restrictive. See Rhodes v. Chapman, 452 U.S. 337, 347 (1981). 25 Nonetheless, prison officials must provide prisoners with “food, clothing, shelter, sanitation, medical care, and personal safety.” Toussaint v. 26 McCarthy, 801 F.2d 1080, 1107 (9th Cir. 1986). A prison official violates the Eighth Amendment only when two requirements are met: (1) 27 objectively, the official’s act or omission must be so serious such that it results in the denial of the minimal civilized measure of life’s necessities; 28 and (2) subjectively, the prison official must have acted unnecessarily and 1 wantonly for the purpose of inflicting harm. See Farmer, 511 U.S. at 834. Thus, to violate the Eighth Amendment, a prison official must have a 2 “sufficiently culpable mind.” See id. Deliberate indifference to a prisoner’s serious illness or 3 injury, or risks of serious injury or illness, gives rise to a claim under the Eighth Amendment. See Estelle, 429 U.S. at 105; see also Farmer, 511 4 U.S. at 837. This applies to physical as well as dental and mental health needs. See Hoptowit v. Ray, 682 F.2d 1237, 1253 (9th Cir. 1982). An 5 injury or illness is sufficiently serious if the failure to treat a prisoner’s condition could result in further significant injury or the “. . . unnecessary 6 and wanton infliction of pain.” McGuckin v. Smith, 974 F.2d 1050, 1059 (9th Cir. 1992); see also Doty v. County of Lassen, 37 F.3d 540, 546 (9th 7 Cir. 1994). Factors indicating seriousness are: (1) whether a reasonable doctor would think that the condition is worthy of comment; (2) whether 8 the condition significantly impacts the prisoner’s daily activities; and (3) whether the condition is chronic and accompanied by substantial pain. 9 See Lopez v. Smith, 203 F.3d 1122, 1131-32 (9th Cir. 2000) (en banc). The requirement of deliberate indifference is less stringent 10 in medical needs cases than in other Eighth Amendment contexts because the responsibility to provide inmates with medical care does not generally 11 conflict with competing penological concerns. See McGuckin, 974 F.2d at 1060. Thus, deference need not be given to the judgment of prison 12 officials as to decisions concerning medical needs. See Hunt v. Dental Dep’t, 865 F.2d 198, 200 (9th Cir. 1989). The complete denial of medical 13 attention may constitute deliberate indifference. See Toussaint v. McCarthy, 801 F.2d 1080, 1111 (9th Cir. 1986). Delay in providing 14 medical treatment, or interference with medical treatment, may also constitute deliberate indifference. See Lopez, 203 F.3d at 1131. Where 15 delay is alleged, however, the prisoner must also demonstrate that the delay led to further injury. See McGuckin, 974 F.2d at 1060. 16 Negligence in diagnosing or treating a medical condition does not, however, give rise to a claim under the Eighth Amendment. See 17 Estelle, 429 U.S. at 106. Moreover, a difference of opinion between the prisoner and medical providers concerning the appropriate course of 18 treatment does not give rise to an Eighth Amendment claim. See Jackson v. McIntosh, 90 F.3d 330, 332 (9th Cir. 1996). 19 While plaintiff references the denial of adequate medical care since being assigned to B Yard, plaintiff does not link that allegation 20 to any named defendant. To state a claim under 42 U.S.C. § 1983, the plaintiff must allege an actual connection or link between the actions of 21 the named defendants and the alleged deprivations. See Monell v. Dep’t of Social Servs., 436 U.S. 658 (1978); Rizzo v. Goode, 423 U.S. 362 22 (1976). Here, because plaintiff does not an actual connection between any named defendant and the denial of adequate medical treatment, plaintiff 23 has failed to allege any of the necessary elements of an Eighth Amendment medical care claim. Plaintiff will be provided an opportunity 24 to amend. 25 ECF No. 14, pgs. 5-7. 26 / / / 27 / / / 28 / / / 1 Finally, as to access to rehabilitative programming, the Court stated: 2 Plaintiff claims defendants’ conduct, specifically his placement on B Yard, denied him access to work assignments and other 3 rehabilitative programming. This claim is not cognizable as a matter of law because prisoners have no constitutional right to access to vocational 4 and rehabilitative programs. See Hoptowit v. Ray, 682 F.2d 1237, 1254- 55 (9th Cir. 1995). 5 ECF No. 14, pg. 7. 6 7 The Court granted plaintiff leave to amend his complaint and warned that “if no 8 amended complaint is filed within the time allowed [], the Court will issue findings and 9 recommendations that the claims identified herein as defective be dismissed, as well as such 10 further orders as are necessary for service of process as to the cognizable claims.” Id. at 7. To 11 date, plaintiff has not filed an amended complaint. Therefore, the Court now recommends 12 dismissal of all claims against defendant Lynch, as well as plaintiff’s claims related to medical 13 care and access to rehabilitative programming. 14 15 III. CONCLUSION 16 Because it does not appear possible that the deficiencies identified herein can be 17 cured by amending the complaint, plaintiff is not entitled to leave to amend prior to dismissal of 18 the entire action. See Lopez v. Smith, 203 F.3d 1122, 1126, 1131 (9th Cir. 2000) (en banc). 19 Based on the foregoing, the undersigned recommends that: 20 1. This action shall proceed on: (a) plaintiff’s First Amendment retaliation 21 claim against defendant Howard; and (b) plaintiff’s Eighth Amendment safety claim against 22 defendants Howard, Hontz, Frederick, Peterson, and Roth; 23 2. All claims against defendant Lynch be dismissed; and 24 / / / 25 / / / 26 / / / 27 / / / 28 / / / MASS 2 ADU LE CING INIT RAINING VVC LO POO Vee OY ON 1 3. Plaintiffs claims related to medical care and access to rehabilitative 2 | programming be dismissed. 3 These findings and recommendations are submitted to the United States District 4 | Judge assigned to the case, pursuant to the provisions of 28 U.S.C. § 636(b)(). Within 14 days 5 | after being served with these findings and recommendations, any party may file written 6 | objections with the court. Responses to objections shall be filed within 14 days after service of 7 | objections. Failure to file objections within the specified time may waive the right to appeal. See 8 | Martinez v. Ylst, 951 F.2d 1153 (9th Cir. 1991). 9 10 | Dated: September 14, 2020 Ssvcqo_ M DENNIS M. COTA 12 UNITED STATES MAGISTRATE JUDGE 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28