Valero Refining Company California v. PG&E ( 2020 )

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 9 EASTERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 10 11 VALERO REFINING COMPANY – No. 2:17-cv-01350-TLN-JDP CALIFORNIA, a Delaware corporation, 12 Plaintiff, ORDER 13 v. 14 PACIFIC GAS AND ELECTRIC 15 COMPANY, California corporation, 16 Defendant. 17 18 19 This matter is before the Court on Plaintiff Valero Refining Company’s (“Plaintiff”) 20 Motion to Amend. (ECF No. 39.) Defendant Pacific Gas and Electric Company (“Defendant”) 21 filed an opposition. (ECF No. 40.) Plaintiff filed a reply. (ECF No. 41.) Also before the Court 22 is Plaintiff’s Motion to Enforce Deadlines. (ECF No. 63.) Defendant filed an opposition. (ECF 23 No. 64.) Plaintiff did not file a reply. For the reasons set forth below, the Court GRANTS 24 Plaintiff’s Motion to Amend and DENIES Plaintiff’s Motion to Enforce Deadlines. 25 /// 26 /// 27 /// 28 /// 1 I. FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND 2 This case arises from an incident that occurred on May 5, 2017, when Defendant allegedly 3 caused an unexpected power outage at Plaintiff’s Benicia Refinery (the “Refinery”) while 4 conducting maintenance activities on the transmission lines supplying power to the Refinery, 5 resulting in substantial damages (“the May 5 incident”). (ECF No. 39-1 at 5.) 6 Plaintiff filed a Complaint on June 30, 2017, asserting various state law claims against 7 Defendant based on the incident. (ECF No. 1.) The Complaint also included a request for 8 punitive and exemplary damages. (Id. at 18.) On September 11, 2017, the parties filed a joint 9 stipulation in which Plaintiff agreed to remove its claim for punitive and exemplary damages, and 10 in return Defendant agreed to permit Plaintiff to amend to reassert a claim for punitive and/or 11 exemplary damages up to 75 days prior to the close of fact discovery. (ECF No. 19.) Plaintiff 12 filed the First Amended Complaint (“FAC”) in accordance with the parties’ stipulation that same 13 day. (ECF No. 20.) 14 On October 26, 2017, the Court entered its pretrial scheduling order setting the discovery 15 deadline as June 29, 2018.1 (ECF No. 26.) The order also provides “[n]o amendments to 16 pleadings is permitted without leave of court, good cause having been shown.” (Id. at 2.) On 17 October 19, 2018, Plaintiff filed the instant motion to amend seeking to reassert its claim for 18 punitive damages. (ECF No. 39.) It is undisputed that Plaintiff filed its motion after the deadline 19 established by the parties’ stipulation. 20 II. STANDARD OF LAW 21 Granting or denying leave to amend a complaint rests in the sound discretion of the trial 22 court. Swanson v. United States Forest Serv., 87 F.3d 339, 343 (9th Cir. 1996). When the Court 23 issues a pretrial scheduling order that establishes a timetable to amend the complaint, Federal 24 Rule of Civil Procedure (“Rule”) 16 governs any amendments to the complaint. Coleman v. 25 Quaker Oats Co., 232 F.3d 1271, 1294 (9th Cir. 2000). To allow for amendment under Rule 16, 26 a plaintiff must show good cause for not having amended before the time specified in the pretrial 27 1 On June 18, 2018, pursuant to a joint stipulation, the Court extended the discovery 28 deadline to August 24, 2018. (ECF No. 36.) 1 scheduling order. Id. The good cause standard primarily considers the diligence of the party 2 seeking amendment. Johnson v. Mammoth Recreations, Inc., 975 F.2d 604, 609 (9th Cir. 1992). 3 “Moreover, carelessness is not compatible with a finding of diligence and offers no reason for a 4 grant of relief.” Id. The focus of the inquiry is on the reasons why the moving party seeks to 5 modify the complaint. Id. If the moving party was not diligent, then good cause cannot be 6 shown, and the inquiry should end. Id. 7 Even if the good cause standard is met under Rule 16, the Court has the discretion to 8 refuse amendment if it finds reasons to deny leave to amend under Rule 15(a). Johnson, 975 F.2d 9 at 610. Under Rule 15(a)(2), “a party may amend its pleading only with the opposing party’s 10 written consent or the court’s leave,” and the “court should freely give leave when justice so 11 requires.” The Ninth Circuit has considered five factors in determining whether leave to amend 12 should be given: “(1) bad faith, (2) undue delay, (3) prejudice to the opposing party, (4) futility of 13 amendment, and (5) whether plaintiff has previously amended his complaint.” In re W. States 14 Wholesale Nat. Gas Antitrust Litig., 715 F.3d 716, 738 (9th Cir. 2013) (citing Allen v. City of 15 Beverly Hills, 911 F.2d 367, 373 (9th Cir. 1990)). 16 III. ANALYSIS 17 A. Rule 16 18 Because the pretrial scheduling order requires Plaintiff to show good cause to amend at 19 this stage, Plaintiff must first meet Rule 16’s good cause standard. (See ECF No. 26.) 20 In order to pursue punitive damages against Defendant under California Civil Code § 21 3294(b) (“§ 3294”), Plaintiff must show “advance knowledge and conscious disregard, 22 authorization, ratification or act of oppression, fraud, or malice . . . on the part of an officer, 23 director, or managing agent of the corporation.” Cal. Civ. Code § 3294(b). “Malice” is defined 24 as “conduct which is intended by the defendant to cause injury to the plaintiff or despicable 25 conduct which is carried on by the defendant with a willful and conscious disregard of the rights 26 or safety of others.” Id. § 3294(c)(1). 27 /// 28 /// 1 According to Plaintiff, it was forced to take additional depositions — beyond the 2 discovery deadline — to develop critical facts to support its punitive damages claim.2 (ECF No. 3 39-1 at 6–7; ECF No. 41 at 7–8.) More specifically, Plaintiff argues the deposition of Bruce 4 Henry, a former director for Defendant, became necessary because Defendant’s previously 5 deposed employees (Mark Quinlan, Lauri Jones, and Roderick Robinson) provided contradictory 6 deposition testimony as to who was ultimately responsible for training in relation to the May 5 7 incident. Plaintiff argues it noticed Henry’s deposition for August 20, 2018 — four days before 8 the close of discovery — but Henry’s pre-planned travel schedule and unforeseen family issues 9 delayed the deposition until September 12, 2018. (ECF No. 39-1 at 7.) At his deposition, Henry 10 clarified that Jones and Robinson acted as managing agents preceding the May 5 outage. (ECF 11 No. 41-6 at 4.) Plaintiff emphasizes that it received the transcript from Henry’s deposition on 12 September 25, 2018 and filed the instant motion to amend less than one month later. For these 13 reasons, Plaintiff argues it was diligent in seeking to amend. 14 Defendant argues Plaintiff was not diligent in seeking leave to amend because, as 15 evidenced by a letter Plaintiff sent to Defendant on June 12, 2018, Plaintiff possessed sufficient 16 facts to assert a claim for punitive damages more than four months before Plaintiff’s motion to 17 amend and two months before the close of fact discovery. (ECF No. 40 at 13.) In the June 2018 18 letter, Plaintiff purportedly set forth a list of the facts developed as of that date to support its claim 19 for punitive damages. (Id.) 20 Based on the record before it, the Court is not convinced by Defendant’s argument that 21 Plaintiff already possessed the requite facts to support its punitive damages claim long before it 22 23 2 Defendant objects to “new” evidence and arguments in Plaintiff’s reply and seeks leave to file a sur-reply. (ECF No. 43.) Defendant points to Local Rule 230(b) which provides that the 24 “moving party shall file a notice of motion, motion, accompanying briefs, affidavits, if appropriate, and copies of all documentary evidence that the moving party intends to submit in 25 support of the motion.” However, Local Rule 230(b) does not require the Court to strike Plaintiff’s evidence. Given that the Court is ruling on a motion to amend rather than a dispositive 26 motion, coupled with the fact that Plaintiff’s reply directly addresses arguments in Defendant’s 27 opposition and expounds on arguments Plaintiff made in its opening brief, the Court declines to strike Plaintiff’s reply and evidence attached thereto. Accordingly, the Court OVERRULES 28 Defendant’s objections and DENIES Defendant’s request to file a sur-reply. (ECF No. 43.) 1 moved to amend. (ECF No. 40 at 16–17.) Rather, it appears Plaintiff faced conflicting 2 information, acted in good faith to confirm the identity of responsible parties, and sought leave to 3 amend shortly thereafter. As such, the Court finds that Plaintiff was sufficiently diligent to satisfy 4 Rule 16. 5 B. Rule 15 6 The Court now turns to whether Plaintiff’s motion is proper under Rule 15. Defendant 7 argues amendment is improper based on all the Rule 15 factors. The Court considers each factor 8 in turn. 9 i. Bad Faith and Undue Delay 10 “Bad faith means acting with intent to deceive, harass, mislead or disrupt.” Richard A. 11 Leines v. Homeland Vinyl Products, Inc., No. 2:18-cv-00969-KJM-DB, 2020 WL 6044037, at *4 12 (E.D. Cal. Oct. 13, 2020) (citing Leon v. IDX Sys. Corp., 464 F.3d 951, 961 (9th Cir. 2006). 13 “Undue delay is delay that prejudices the nonmoving party or imposes unwarranted burdens on 14 the court.” BNSF Ry. Co. v. San Joaquin R. Co., No. 1:08-cv-01086-AWI-SMS, 2011 WL 15 3328398, at *2 (E.D. Cal. Aug. 2, 2011) (citing Mayreaux v. Louisiana Health Service and 16 Indem. Co., 376 F.3d 420, 427 (5th Cir. 2004). 17 In arguing Plaintiff acted in bad faith and unduly delayed moving to amend, Defendant 18 repeats many of the same arguments already addressed — namely, that Plaintiff possessed the 19 information necessary to assert a claim for punitive damages long before filing the instant motion. 20 (ECF No. 40 at 18.) For the same reasons already discussed, the Court concludes that Defendant 21 has not shown Plaintiff acted in bad faith or unduly delayed bringing the instant motion. 22 Therefore, these factors weigh in favor of granting leave to amend. 23 ii. Prejudice 24 Prejudice is the factor that weighs most heavily in the Court’s analysis of whether to grant 25 leave to amend. Eminence Capital, LLC v. Aspeon, Inc., 316 F.3d 1048, 1052 (9th Cir. 2003). 26 “Prejudice results when an amendment would unnecessarily increase costs or would diminish the 27 opposing party’s ability to respond to the amended pleading.” BNSF, 2011 WL 3328398, at *2 28 (citation omitted). Courts have found proposed amendments to be prejudicial when leave to 1 amend is requested as a relevant discovery deadline nears or has already passed. See, e.g., 2 Zivkovic v. S. Cal. Edison Co., 302 F.3d 1080, 1087 (9th Cir. 2002); Lockheed Martin Corp. v. 3 Network Sols., Inc., 194 F.3d 980, 986 (9th Cir. 1999). 4 Defendant argues it would be prejudiced because it is now precluded from pursuing the 5 discovery it needs to rebut Plaintiff’s new claims and theories that Defendant’s allegedly 6 insufficient training rose to the level of malice required for punitive damages. The Court 7 disagrees. Defendant was on notice throughout the course of litigation that Plaintiff intended to 8 bring a claim for punitive damages. Not only did the parties expressly contemplate the possibility 9 of a claim for punitive damages in their September 2017 stipulation, but Plaintiff’s June 2018 10 letter apparently notified Defendant that Plaintiff intended to reassert a claim for punitive 11 damages with ample time to conduct discovery before the fact discovery deadline in August 2018. 12 (ECF No. 40 at 18.) Further, the Court agrees with Plaintiff that the conduct giving rise to 13 punitive damages here seems to relate specifically to decisions Defendant made regarding the 14 training of its employees and the auditing of its systems — information presumably within 15 Defendant’s control. It also bears mentioning that the Court will be establishing new deadlines 16 pursuant to the parties’ forthcoming second supplemental joint status report, and the Court 17 encourages the parties to propose deadlines that will minimize the prejudice to both parties. For 18 these reasons, the Court finds that any purported prejudice to Defendant does not weigh against 19 granting Plaintiff leave to amend. 20 iii. Futility 21 The Ninth Circuit has held that when an amendment is futile, “there is no need to prolong 22 litigation by permitting further amendment.” Lipton v. Pathogenesis Corp., 284 F.3d 1027, 1039 23 (9th Cir. 2002). A proposed amendment is futile where “the pleading could not possibly be cured 24 by the allegation of other facts.” Watison v. Carter, 668 F.3d 1108, 1117 (9th Cir. 2012) (quoting 25 Doe v. United States, 58 F.3d 494, 497 (9th Cir. 1995)). 26 As previously discussed, to be entitled to punitive damages under § 3294, Plaintiff must 27 prove by “clear and convincing evidence” that Defendant is “guilty of oppression, fraud, or 28 malice.” Cal. Civ. Code § 3294(a). “Malice” under § 3294 is “conduct which is intended by the 1 defendant to cause injury to the plaintiff or despicable conduct which is carried on by the 2 defendant with a willful and conscious disregard of the rights or safety of others.” Id. § 3 3294(c)(1). 4 Defendant argues Plaintiff cannot state a claim for punitive damages under § 3294 5 because Plaintiff does not allege that a director or managing agent consciously disregarded known 6 risks. (ECF No. 40 at 23–24.) In so arguing, Defendant relies on Pac. Gas & Elec. Co. v. 7 Superior Court, 24 Cal. App. 5th 1150 (2018). But there is a crucial difference between Pac. Gas 8 & Elec. Co and the instant case: Pac. Gas & Elec. Co involved a motion for summary 9 adjudication while the instant case is at the pleading stage. Unlike ruling on a motion for 10 summary adjudication, the Court must take Plaintiff’s allegations as true and draw all reasonable 11 inferences in Plaintiff’s favor at this early stage. Cruz v. Beto, 405 U.S. 319, 322 (1972); Retail 12 Clerks Int’l Ass’n v. Schermerhorn, 373 U.S. 746, 753 n.6 (1963). 13 In its proposed Second Amended Complaint (“SAC”), Plaintiff alleges Defendant made a 14 “conscious corporate decision” not to train system operators to read “elementary electrical 15 diagrams,” which its own employees admit is necessary to understand the Special Protection 16 Scheme at issue. (See ECF No. 39-3.) Plaintiff further alleges Defendant’s managing agents and 17 directors failed to institute internal audit and/or compliance programs to ensure adherence to 18 Defendant’s policies and procedures. (Id.) According to Plaintiff, with accurate documents, 19 appropriate communication, and adequate training, the May 5 incident could have been avoided, 20 and Defendant’s directors and managing agents acted with knowledge of “potentially disastrous 21 consequences” in failing to take steps to ensure that system operators were adequately trained or 22 that systems existed to ensure compliance. (Id.) 23 Taking Plaintiff’s allegations as true and drawing all reasonable inferences in its favor, the 24 Court is satisfied that Plaintiff has adequately alleged violations of § 3294. Plaintiff expressly 25 alleges Defendant’s directors and managing agents were aware of the dangerous consequences of 26 their actions. Moreover, there is at the very least a reasonable inference that Defendant acted 27 with a conscious disregard to a known risk by failing to train system operators on reading and 28 interpreting “elementary electrical diagrams.” In any event, the Court cannot say at this stage that 1 Plaintiff’s allegations could not possibly be cured by further amendment. See Watison, 668 F.3d 2 at 1117. As such, this factor weighs in favor of granting leave to amend. 3 iv. Prior amendment 4 Finally, Defendant argues amendment is improper because Plaintiff already amended its 5 complaint once before. Defendant’s argument is unpersuasive. Plaintiff previously amended the 6 Complaint in accordance with the parties’ stipulation, and that stipulation expressly contemplated 7 the possibility that Plaintiff might amend its complaint to reassert a claim for punitive damages. 8 (ECF No. 19.) Accordingly, Plaintiff’s single prior amendment does not outweigh the other Rule 9 15 factors that weigh in favor of granting leave to amend. 10 C. Motion to Enforce Deadlines 11 In moving to enforce deadlines, Plaintiff argues Defendant is intentionally delaying the 12 completion of expert discovery as contemplated by the supplemental joint status report filed 13 December 20, 2019. Plaintiff requests the Court hold Defendant accountable to the expert 14 discovery deadlines set forth therein. (See ECF No. 61.) In opposition, Defendant argues that by 15 minute order on January 14, 2020, the Court declined to adopt the parties’ proposal and stated the 16 parties would be required to propose new deadlines after it ruled on the instant motion to amend. 17 Defendant is correct. The Court did not adopt the proposed deadlines in the parties’ 18 previous supplemental joint status report and instead ordered the parties to submit a second 19 supplemental joint status report proposing new dates and deadlines within 30 days of this Order. 20 (See ECF No. 62.) In other words, the deadlines Plaintiff seeks to enforce are not binding on 21 Defendant. Therefore, Plaintiff’s motion to enforce deadlines is DENIED. 22 /// 23 /// 24 /// 25 /// 26 /// 27 /// 28 /// 1 IV. CONCLUSION 2 For the reasons stated above, the Court GRANTS Plaintiff’s Motion to Amend (ECF No. 3 39) and DENIES Plaintiff’s Motion to Enforce Deadlines (ECF No. 63). The Court ORDERS 4 Plaintiff to file its SAC not later than fourteen (14) days from the electronic filing of this Order. 5 Defendant shall file a responsive pleading not later than twenty-one (21) days after the filing of 6 Plaintiff’s SAC. In addition, the parties are ORDERED to file a second supplemental joint status 7 report, proposing new dates and deadlines going forward, not later than thirty (30) days from the 8 date of electronic filing of this Order. 9 IT IS SO ORDERED. 10 DATED: October 26, 2020 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28