Hafer v. People ( 2021 )

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 9 FOR THE EASTERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 10 11 DECHERI HAFER, No. 1:21-cv-00007-NONE-JLT 12 Plaintiff, ORDER TO SUMMARILY REMAND FOR LACK OF JURISDICTION 13 v. (Doc. No. 1) 14 PEOPLE, 15 Defendant. 16 17 On January 4, 2021, DeCheri Hafer (“Hafer”) filed a notice of removal, which appears to 18 be an attempt to remove to this federal court at least one criminal case pending in state court: 19 People of the State of California v. Hafer, BM952216A, in which defendant is charged with one 20 count of assault with a deadly weapon other than a firearm or force likely to produce great bodily 21 injury in violation of California Penal Code § 245(a)(1). (See Doc. No. 1.)1 22 This court has a sua sponte obligation to confirm that it has subject matter jurisdiction. 23 Nevada v. Bank of Am. Corp., 672 F.3d 661, 673 (9th Cir. 2012) (“[I]t is well established that a 24 court may raise the question of subject matter jurisdiction, sua sponte, at any time during the 25 26 1 Hafer has styled the caption for this case as “Hafer v. People,” even though, technically, it should be “People v. Hafer,” because a removed preceding normally retains the relationship 27 between the parties set forth in the underlying state court action. Hafer also has attempted to raise issues related to this criminal case in a civil action filed in this court. (See Hafer v. 28 1 pendency of the action . . . .”) (internal citation and quotation omitted). 2 Defendant Hafer cites 28 U.S.C. § 1443 as the sole basis for the attempted removal. 3 Section 1443 provides: 4 Any of the following civil actions or criminal prosecutions, commenced in a State court may be removed by the defendant to 5 the district court of the United States of the district and division embracing the place wherein it is pending: 6 (1) Against any person who is denied or cannot enforce in 7 the courts of such State a right under any law providing for the equal civil rights of citizens of the United States, or of 8 all persons within the jurisdiction thereof; 9 (2) For any act under color of authority derived from any law providing for equal rights, or for refusing to do any act 10 on the ground that it would be inconsistent with such law. 11 Section 1443(1), which grants a right of removal to certain petitioners who claim as a 12 defense to a state prosecution federal rights based on racial equality, has been narrowly 13 interpreted by the United States Supreme Court. California v. Sandoval, 434 F.2d 635, 636 (9th 14 Cir. 1971). Petitions for removal under § 1443(1) must satisfy two criteria. Id. First, the 15 petitioner must assert, as a defense to the prosecution, “rights that are given to them by explicit 16 statutory enactment protecting equal racial civil rights.” Id. (emphasis added). Second, the 17 petitioner must assert that the state court will not enforce these civil rights and must cite a state 18 statute or constitutional provision that purports to command the state court to ignore those rights. 19 Id. “Bad experiences” with the particular state court in question is insufficient to meet the § 20 1443(1) requirements. Id. 21 Section 1443(2) is limited to removal of criminal cases brought against federal officers 22 and agents. See Alabama v. Kemp, 952 F. Supp. 722, 723 (N.D. Ala. 1997) (citing City of 23 Greenwood v. Peacock, 384 U.S. 808, 824 (1966)); see also HSBC Bank USA, Nat. Ass’n v. 24 Abreckov, No. C 09-05646 WHA, 2009 WL 5218045, at *2 (N.D. Cal. Dec. 29, 2009); California 25 v. Remmert, No. C 07-80155 CW, 2007 WL 2298035, at *2 (N.D. Cal. Aug. 8, 2007). 26 Neither provision of § 1443 applies here. Although Hafer claims discrimination was 27 present in the state court action in which he was named a defendant, there is no mention of any 28 state statute or constitutional provision that purports to command the state court to ignore any 1 | federal statutory protections pertaining to racial equality. Moreover, the underlying criminal case 2 | in state court is not brought against a federal officer. 3 In the absence of a valid basis for removal, this court lacks subject matter jurisdiction over 4 | this action. Accordingly, this case must be remanded to the Superior Court for the County of 5 | Kern. See 28 U.S.C. § 1447(c) (“If at any time before final judgment it appears that the district 6 | court lacks subject matter jurisdiction, the case shall be remanded.”). 7 CONCLUSION 8 For the reasons set forth above, this case is REMANDED to the Kern County Superior 9 | Court. 10 | IT IS SO ORDERED. a " | Dated: _ January 13, 2021 LL 1 Yrod 12 UNITED STATES DISTRICT JUDGE 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28