(PC) Williams v. Hutson ( 2021 )

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 9 FOR THE EASTERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 10 11 Antonio Ronnell Williams, No. 2:16-cv-01495-KJM-AC 12 Plaintiff, ORDER 13 v. Hutson, et al., 1S Defendant. 16 17 Mr. Antonio Ronnell Williams, the plaintiff in this action, who 1s incarcerated and 18 | unrepresented by counsel, alleges correctional officers slammed him “face-first into the 19 | pavement,” knelt on his neck, and pulled his hair. See First Am. Compl. at 1-2, ECF No. 11. 20 | This was in June 2011. See id. He filed this case in June 2016, asserting claims against the 21 | officers under 42 U.S.C. § 1983. See generally Compl., ECF No. 1. More than four years had 22 | passed between the time of the alleged assault and the time he filed this case, so the deadline to 23 | bring a § 1983 claim had passed, and the magistrate judge recommended granting summary 24 | judgment to the defendants. See generally Findings & Recommendations, ECF No. 84. This 25 | court adopted that recommendation in full after considering Mr. William’s objections. See Order 26 | (Oct. 1, 2020), ECF No. 87. Judgment was entered and the case was closed on October 1, 2020. 27 | See Judgment, ECF No. 88. 28 | ///// 1 Mr. Williams filed a notice of appeal. ECF No. 89. It was docketed on November 16, 2 2020, but it was dated November 12, and Mr. Williams explained that he had not received notice 3 of this court’s order until October 29. See id. Federal law requires appeals to be filed “within 4 thirty days after the entry of . . . judgment,” 28 U.S.C. § 2107(a), but permits a district court to 5 “reopen the time for appeal for a period of 14 days” if (1) the appealing party did not receive 6 notice of the judgment “within 21 days of its entry,” and (2) “no party would be prejudiced,” id. 7 § 2107(c). A person who requests an extension under that section must file that request “within 8 180 days after the entry of the judgment or order or within 14 days after receipt of such notice, 9 whichever is earlier.” Id. Federal Rule of Appellate Procedure 4(a) provides similarly.1 The 10 Ninth Circuit has also held that if a notice of appeal includes a statement that the appellant did not 11 receive notice of the judgment, the notice of appeal should be construed as a motion to reopen the 12 time to file an appeal under the rules summarized above. See United States v. Withers, 638 F.3d 13 1055, 1061 (9th Cir. 2011). And because Mr. Williams is not represented by counsel and is 14 incarcerated, his notice of appeal is deemed to have been filed on the date he delivered it “to the 15 prison authorities for forwarding to the clerk of the District Court.” Houston v. Lack, 487 U.S. 16 266, 270 (1988); see also Fed. R. App. P. 4(c)(1); Douglas v. Noelle, 567 F.3d 1103, 1107 (9th 17 Cir. 2009) (“[T]he Houston mailbox rule applies to § 1983 suits filed by pro se prisoners.”). 18 Together, these rules would mean Mr. Williams’s notice of appeal in this case was timely 19 if he could show he gave it to prison officials to be mailed within fourteen days of receiving a 1 “In a civil case [such as this one] . . . , the notice of appeal . . . must be filed with the district clerk within 30 days after entry of the judgment or order appealed from.” Fed. R. App. P. 4(a)(1)(A). But “[t]he district court may reopen the time to file an appeal for a period of 14 days after the date when its order to reopen is entered” if three conditions are satisfied: (A) the court finds that the moving party did not receive notice under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 77 (d) of the entry of the judgment or order sought to be appealed within 21 days after entry; (B) the motion is filed within 180 days after the judgment or order is entered or within 14 days after the moving party receives notice under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 77 (d) of the entry, whichever is earlier; and (C) the court finds that no party would be prejudiced. Fed. R. App. P. 4(a)(6). 1 copy of the judgment. See Order to Show Cause, No. 20-17255 (9th Cir. Dec. 14, 2020), Dkt. 2 No. 3 (citing Fed. R. Civ. P. 4(c)(1) and Houston, 487 U.S. at 270). The Ninth Circuit thus 3 permitted him to file a “declaration or notarized statement attesting to the date on which the 4 notice of appeal was deposited into the internal mail system and whether first-class postage was 5 prepaid, or otherwise show cause why [his] appeal should not be dismissed for lack of 6 jurisdiction.” Id. at 2. 7 Mr. Williams filed a response and a mail card showing he had received notice of the 8 judgment on October 29, 2020. See Resp. & Ex. A, No. 20-17255 (9th Cir. filed Mar. 1, 2021), 9 Dkt. Nos. 5, 6. He also wrote that he must have deposited his notice of appeal in the prison’s 10 internal mail system on Thursday, November 12, 2020 because mail is not collected in the prison 11 on Fridays or Saturdays, so if he had not sent the notice of appeal on Thursday, November 12, it 12 would not have been collected until Sunday, November 15. See id. at 1–2. But if the notice of 13 appeal had been collected on Sunday, it would have been mailed on Monday, the same day this 14 court received and docketed it. See id. 15 The Ninth Circuit remanded the case to this court “for the limited purpose of allowing 16 [this court] to make factual findings regarding whether [Mr. Williams] delivered the notice of 17 appeal to prison officials for mailing to the court in compliance with the requirements of Federal 18 Rule of Appellate Procedure 4(c) within 14 days after receiving notice of the entry of judgment.” 19 Remand Order at 2, ECF No. 92. If this court determined “that the notice of appeal would be 20 timely as a motion to reopen the time to appeal pursuant to Federal Rule of Appellate Procedure 21 4(a)(6),” the Circuit also requested that this court “rule on the motion to reopen the time to 22 appeal.” Id. at 2–3. The Circuit permitted this court to “call for any additional submissions from 23 the parties as [this] court deems appropriate.” Id. at 3. 24 On remand, this court permitted Mr. Williams to “file a further submission in support of 25 his claim that he delivered the notice of appeal to prison officials for mailing to the court in 26 compliance with the requirements of Federal Rule of Appellate Procedure 4(c) within 14 days 27 after receiving notice of the entry of judgment.” Order at 1–2 (June 29, 2021), ECF No. 94. This 28 court also permitted Mr. Williams to “explain why, if this court determines the notice of appeal 1 would be timely, the court should grant the motion to reopen the time to appeal,” and the court 2 permitted the defendants to respond to Mr. Williams’s supplement. See id. at 2. 3 Mr. Williams has responded in a document the contents of which he “swears” are “true 4 and correct.” Pl.’s Resp., ECF No. 95, at 1. He first reiterates that he received notice of the 5 judgment on October 29. Id. at 1. He admits the prison has no “memorandum or regulation on 6 why mail isn’t collected or sent out Friday and Saturday,” but he claims that “is a fact,” id. at 2, 7 because “[n]o one works in the mail room on Saturday,” id. at 3. He also stands by his argument 8 that because he mailed the notice of appeal “regularly and not first class,” it must have been 9 deposited on November 12, not November 15 or later. Id. And finally, he asks the court to 10 reopen his appeal because his claims are not frivolous and because he has acted in good faith. See 11 id. at 2–3. The defendants dispute none of Mr. Williams’s factual claims. See generally Defs.’ 12 Resp., ECF No. 96. The court thus finds the following is undisputed: 13 (1) In November 2020, legal mail was not collected from inmates on Fridays or 14 Saturdays. 15 (2) Legal mail was not collected from inmates in the prison on November 13 or 14, 16 2020. 17 (3) If Mr. Williams had not deposited his notice of appeal in the prison’s legal mail 18 system on November 12, 2020, it would have been collected on Sunday, 19 November 15, 2020, and mailed on Monday, November 16, 2020. 20 (4) Mr. Williams did not send his notice of appeal for same-day delivery; he mailed it 21 “regularly” using the U.S. Postal Service. The court interprets “regularly” as a 22 reference to the United States Postal Service’s First Class Mail—as opposed to 23 Priority Mail Express or Priority Mail, for example—which is not delivered the 24 same day. See U.S. Postal Serv., Mail & Shipping Services (2021).2 2 https://www.usps.com/ship/mail-shipping-services.htm (last visited Sept. 16, 2021). The court takes judicial notice of the Postal Service’s descriptions of its mail services on its official website. See Organic Cannabis Found., LLC v. Comm’r of Internal Revenue, 962 F.3d 1082, 1096 & nn.8–9 (9th Cir. 2020) (taking judicial notice of zip code information published on the 1 (5) This court docketed Mr. Williams’ notice of appeal on November 16, 2020. 2 Mr. Williams therefore must have deposited his notice of appeal in the prison legal mail system 3 on November 12, 2020, the fourteenth day after he received notice of the entry of judgment. 4 Although the defendants dispute none of these facts, they argue Mr. Williams’s appeal 5 was untimely because his supplement does not satisfy Rule 4(c)(1). See id. at 3. That rule 6 imposes the following requirements: 7 (1) If an institution has a system designed for legal mail, an inmate 8 confined there must use that system to receive the benefit of this Rule 9 4(c)(1). If an inmate files a notice of appeal in either a civil or a 10 criminal case, the notice is timely if it is deposited in the institution’s 11 internal mail system on or before the last day for filing and: 12 (A) it is accompanied by: 13 (i) a declaration in compliance with 28 U.S.C. 174— 14 or a notarized statement—setting out the date of 15 deposit and stating that first-class postage is being 16 prepaid; or 17 (ii) evidence (such as a postmark or date stamp) 18 showing that the notice was so deposited and that 19 postage was prepaid; or 20 (B) the court of appeals exercises its discretion to permit the 21 later filing of a declaration or notarized statement that 22 satisfies Rule 4(c)(1)(A)(i). 23 Fed. R. App. P. 4(c)(1)(A), (B). A pro se inmate’s filing is thus “filed” when it is deposited into 24 the prison’s legal mail system and if one of four things is true: (1) The filing is “accompanied by” 25 a declaration that complies with 28 U.S.C. § 1746 “setting out the date of the deposit and stating 26 that first-class postage is being prepaid,” (2) the filing is accompanied by a “notarized statement” 27 with the same information, (3) the filing is accompanied by some other “evidence (such as a 28 postmark or date stamp) showing that the notice was deposited and that postage was prepaid,” or 29 (4) “the court of appeals exercises its discretion to permit the later filing” of the same declaration 30 or notarized statement, but not other “evidence.” Id. nom. N. Cal. Small Bus. Assistants, Inc. v. Comm’r of Internal Revenue, 209 L. Ed. 2d 733 (May 3, 2021). ] Mr. Williams did not submit a declaration or notarized statement with his notice of appeal. 2 | Nor was his notice of appeal “accompanied by” evidence about the prison’s legal mail system, 3 | which is a necessary component of any finding that his notice of appeal was timely. The Ninth 4 | Circuit, however, has exercised its discretion to permit the later filing of a declaration or other 5 | notarized statement, and it has permitted this court to receive evidentiary submissions, as 6 | summarized above. Asa result, Mr. Williams could succeed by submitting a “declaration” or a 7 | “notarized statement.” His supplement is neither. It is not notarized, and it is not a “declaration” 8 | under 28 U.S.C. § 1746 because he did not include the statement required by that section. See 28 9 | US.C. § 1746 (“T declare (or certify, verify, or state) under penalty of perjury that the following 10 | is true and correct. Executed on (date).”). 11 This defect could be corrected if Mr. Williams were to restate the claims in his 12 | supplement with the statement required by § 1746. If he did, the court could conclude he had 13 | moved to reopen the time to appeal before the relevant deadline under Rule 4(a)(6) and (c)(1). 14 | The court could also grant his motion to reopen the time to appeal. He did not receive notice of 15 | the judgment under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 77(d) within 21 days after entry, and given 16 | his short delay, no party would be prejudiced. See 28 U.S.C. § 2107(a); Fed. R. App. P. 4(a)(6). 17 The court therefore grants Mr. Williams leave to submit a further supplement clarifying 18 | whether he declares, certifies, verifies, or states under penalty of perjury that the claims in his 19 | July 21, 2021 supplement, docketed on July 26, 2021 at ECF No. 95, are true and correct. Any 20 | such further supplement must be filed within 21 days of Mr. Williams’ receiving service of this 21 | order. 22 IT IS SO ORDERED. 23 DATED: September 20, 2021. [\ (] 24 l ti / { q_/ CHIEF NT] ED STATES DISTRICT JUDGE qK