Jane Doe 2 v. State of California ( 2023 )

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 8 9 EASTERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 10 JANE DOE #2, Case No. 1:23-cv-00869-JLT-SAB 11 Plaintiff, ORDER GRANTING PLAINTIFF’S 12 MOTION TO PROCEED v. PSEUDONYMOUSLY WITHOUT 13 PREJUDICE TO RECONSIDERATION STATE OF CALIFORNIA, et al., WHEN DEFENDANTS APPEAR AND 14 REQUIRING DEFENDANTS TO FILE Defendants. OPPOSITION OR STATEMENT OF NON- 15 OPPOSITION WITHIN TWENTY-ONE DAYS OF APPEARANCE 16 (ECF No. 5) 17 18 I. 19 INTRODUCTION 20 On June 6, 2023, Jane Doe # 2 (“Plaintiff”), filed this action. (ECF No. 1.) On June 12, 21 2023, Plaintiff filed an ex parte motion to proceed by pseudonym. (ECF No. 6.) For the reasons 22 explained herein, the Court shall grant the Plaintiff’s motion to proceed by pseudonym, subject 23 to reconsideration of the issue when the Defendants appear in this action. 24 II. 25 LEGAL STANDARD 26 Rule 10 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure requires that every complaint must 27 include the name of all parties. Fed. R. Civ. P. 10(a). Rule 17 further provides that “[a]n action must be prosecuted in the name of the real party in interest.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 17(a)(1). 1 The normal presumption is that the parties will use their real names, which is “loosely 2 related” to the public’s right to open courts and the rights of individuals to confront their 3 accusers. Doe v. Kamehameha Schools (“Kamehameha Schools”), 596 F.3d 1036, 1042 (9th 4 Cir. 2010). However, courts have allowed a party to proceed in anonymity where special 5 circumstances justify the secrecy. Does I thru XXIII v. Advanced Textile Corp. (“Advanced 6 Textile Corp.”), 214 F.3d 1058, 1067 (9th Cir. 2000). In the Ninth Circuit, a party may proceed 7 with the use of a pseudonym “in the ‘unusual case’ when nondisclosure of the party’s identity ‘is 8 necessary . . . to protect a person from harassment, injury, ridicule or personal embarrassment.’ ” 9 Advanced Textile Corp., 214 F.3d at 1067-68 (quoting United States v. Doe, 655 F.2d 920, 922 10 n.1 (9th Cir. 1981) (alteration in quoting source)). The Ninth Circuit held that “a party may 11 preserve his or her anonymity in judicial proceedings in special circumstances when the party’s 12 need for anonymity outweighs prejudice to the opposing party and the public’s interest in 13 knowing the party’s identity.” Advanced Textile Corp., 214 F.3d at 1068. 14 Courts have generally allowed a party to proceed with anonymity in three circumstances: 15 “1) when identification creates a risk of retaliatory physical or mental harm[;]” 2) where it is 16 necessary “to preserve privacy in a matter of sensitive and highly personal nature[;]” and 3) 17 where the party is “compelled to admit [his or her] intention to engage in illegal conduct, thereby 18 risking criminal prosecution[.]” Advanced Textile Corp., 214 F.3d at 1068 (internal citations 19 omitted). Because the “balance between a party’s need for anonymity and the interests weighing 20 in favor of open judicial proceedings may change as the litigation progresses . . . where the 21 plaintiffs have demonstrated a need for anonymity, the district court should use its powers to 22 manage pretrial proceedings [Rule 16(b)], and to issue protective orders limiting disclosure of 23 the party’s name [Rule 26(c)], to preserve the party’s anonymity to the greatest extent possible 24 without prejudicing the opposing party's ability to litigate the case.” Advanced Textile Corp., 25 214 F.3d at 1069. 26 III. 27 DISCUSSION 1 proceed by the pseudonym “Jane Doe # 2” in place of her true and correct name because this 2 action involves allegations of sexual assault and rape by a correctional officer, while Plaintiff 3 incarcerated at Central California Women’s Facility in Chowchilla, California. (Pl.’s Mot. 4 (“Mot”), ECF No. 5 at 1-2.) Plaintiff is no longer in custody and wishes to maintain her privacy 5 and not be publicly named or identified in this action. (Mot. 2; Decl. Jane Doe # 2 Supp. Mot. 6 (“Doe # 2 Decl.”) ¶ 2, ECF No. 5-1 at 1.) Plaintiff believes the issues in this litigation are highly 7 sensitive and personal in nature, such that disclosure of her identity would raise a serious risk of 8 psychological and emotional harm. (Mot. 3; Doe Decl. ¶ 4.) Plaintiff does not believe that 9 proceeding by a pseudonym will be prejudicial to Defendants, since she has already disclosed 10 her true identity to Defendants prior to filing this action and will disclose her true identity to 11 Defendants during the course of this litigation, including during pre-trial discovery. (Mot. 3.) 12 The Court finds good cause to grant the motion at this time, given the proffered reasons 13 and because of the proffer that her identity has already been disclosed to Defendants. Doe v. 14 Rose, No. CV-15-07503-MWF-JC, 2016 WL 9137645, at *1 (C.D. Cal. June 17, 2016) (“Courts 15 have generally permitted plaintiffs to proceed anonymously when their claims involved 16 allegations of sexual assault or rape.”). Nonetheless, the Court shall keep the issue open to 17 reconsideration once the Defendants have appeared in this action. See J.I. v. United States, No. 18 118CV00363LJOSAB, 2018 WL 1474355, at *3 (E.D. Cal. Mar. 26, 2018) (“[T]he Court finds 19 that, at this stage of the litigation, Plaintiff is entitled to proceed in partial anonymity. However, 20 the Court will reconsider the matter should the defendants choose to object once they have 21 appeared in this action and articulate why anonymity is not appropriate under the standards set 22 forth above.”). 23 / / / 24 / / / 25 / / / 26 / / / 27 / / / 1 IV. 2 CONCLUSION AND ORDER 3 Based on the Court’s review of the Plaintiff’s motion, the Court finds that the need for 4 anonymity in this case outweighs countervailing considerations at this time, subject to 5 | reconsideration when Defendants appear in this action. 6 Accordingly, IT IS HEREBY ORDERED that: 7 1. Plaintiff's motion to proceed by pseudonym, (ECF No. 5), is GRANTED, subject 8 to reconsideration when Defendants appear in this action; and 9 2. Defendants shall file an opposition, objection, or statement of non-opposition to 10 Plaintiff proceeding by pseudonym in this action within twenty-one (21) days of 11 appearing in this action. 12 B IT IS SO ORDERED. DAM Le 14 | Dated: _ June 12, 2023 Is UNITED STATES MAGISTRATE JUDGE 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28