(PC) Harris v. Sexton ( 2022 )

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 9 FOR THE EASTERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 10 11 EARNEST S. HARRIS, No. 1:18-cv-0080 KJM DB P 12 Plaintiff, 13 v. ORDER AND FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 14 SEXTON, et al., 15 Defendants. 16 17 Plaintiff is a state prisoner proceeding pro se with a civil rights action under 42 U.S.C. 18 §1983. Plaintiff alleges defendants’ use of the Guard One welfare check system (“Guard One”) 19 violated his rights under the Eighth Amendment. Before the court are: (1) plaintiff’s February 20 18, 2021 motion to amend the second amended complaint; (2) plaintiff’s motion for an extension 21 of time to file a reply brief; (3) plaintiff’s motion for an “instant” ruling on his motion to amend; 22 (4) plaintiff’s motion to intervene in Coleman v. Newsom; (5) defendants’ motion to strike the 23 amended complaint filed December 27, 2021; and (6) defendant’s motion to vacate the deadline 24 for filing dispositive motions. For the reasons set forth below, this court will grant plaintiff’s 25 motion for an extension of time to file a reply brief, deny plaintiff’s motion for an instant ruling, 26 deny without prejudice plaintiff’s motion to intervene, and deny as moot defendants’ motion to 27 vacate. In addition, this court will recommend plaintiff’s motion to amend the complaint be 28 granted in part and denied in part, defendants’ motion to strike be granted, and defendant Sexton, 1 who is deceased, be dismissed from this action because plaintiff has not moved to substitute a 2 legal representative. After Chief District Judge Mueller rules on the motions to amend and strike, 3 this court will set a schedule for further proceedings. 4 RELEVANT BACKGROUND 5 This case is proceeding on plaintiff’s second amended complaint (“SAC”) filed February 6 22, 2019. (ECF No. 42.) Plaintiff seeks relief from defendants Warden Sexton, former Deputy 7 Warden Vera, and Correctional Officers Aguirre, Stewart, Lambert, Gutierrez, L. Cellobos, and I. 8 Ramirez. He alleges that between 2015 and 2018, defendants were responsible for the use of 9 Guard One1 in a way that caused excessive noise, which prevented him from sleeping and caused 10 him anxiety, among other things. 11 On February 18, 2021, plaintiff filed the present motion to amend the SAC. (ECF No. 12 66.) Defendants filed an opposition (ECF No. 69) and plaintiff filed a reply (ECF No. 72). 13 Plaintiff also filed a motion for an extension of time to file a reply brief. (ECF No. 71.) 14 On March 31, 2021, Chief District Judge Mueller stayed this action pending the Ninth 15 Circuit Court of Appeals’ resolution of the motion for rehearing en banc in related case Rico v. 16 Ducart, No. 19-15541 (9th Cir.); No. 2:17-cv-1402 KJM DB P (E.D. Cal.). The Ninth Circuit 17 denied the motion for rehearing en banc and on May 6, 2021 issued the mandate for the panel’s 18 decision. See Rico v. Ducart, 980 F.3d 1292 (9th Cir. 2020).2 19 //// 20 1 The use of Guard One is the result of an order issued in related case Coleman v. Newsom, 2:90- 21 cv-0520 KJM DB, a class action regarding mental health care in the California prisons. In the order, issued February 3, 2015, the court directed the California prisons to use Guard One in all 22 administrative segregation units and all security housing units as a suicide prevention measure. 23 The Guard One system is intended to track officers’ compliance with the regular welfare checks. It requires officers to strike a metal plate on each cell door with a metal pipe. The metal pipe has 24 an electronic sensor that records each such contact. 25 2 The plaintiff in Rico also challenges the use of Guard One. The Ninth Circuit panel held that 26 both the supervisory defendants and the correctional officer defendants in that case were entitled to qualified immunity based on the Coleman order requiring use of Guard One. The Circuit 27 remanded the case to the district court for an order of dismissal. On October 15, 2021, Chief District Judge Mueller dismissed the case. Plaintiff Rico appealed. That appeal (Ninth Circuit 28 No. 21-16880) is pending. 1 On October 5, 2021, Chief District Judge Mueller granted defendants’ motion to lift the 2 stay. (ECF No. 74.) She then granted defendants’ motion for a new scheduling order and 3 referred to the undersigned plaintiff’s motion to amend the SAC, plaintiff’s motion for an 4 extension of time to file a reply brief, issuance of a scheduling order, and further pretrial 5 proceedings. (ECF No. 84.) Since then, both parties have filed motions. Plaintiff filed a motion 6 for an “instant” ruling on the motion to amend, a motion to intervene in the Coleman class action, 7 and an amended complaint. (ECF Nos. 83, 85, 86.) Defendants filed a motion to strike the 8 amended complaint and a motion to extend the deadline for filing dispositive motions. (ECF Nos. 9 87, 89.) This court addresses all pending motions herein. 10 MOTION TO AMEND 11 I. Parties’ Positions 12 In his motion to amend the SAC, plaintiff seeks to add a new defendant – psychiatric 13 technician L. Flores. Plaintiff alleges that in 2020 Flores: (1) violated his Eighth Amendment 14 rights when she purposely conducted the Guard One checks in an unnecessarily loud manner; (2) 15 violated his First Amendment rights when she conducted those checks loudly in retaliation for a 16 grievance plaintiff filed against her; and (3) violated his rights under the Prison Rape Elimination 17 Act (“PREA”) because she failed to announce her entry into plaintiff’s cell block and watched 18 prisoners in the bathroom. Plaintiff further alleges that the California Department of Corrections 19 and Rehabilitation (“CDCR”) violated Chief District Judge Mueller’s order in Coleman by 20 allowing psychiatric technicians, rather than custody staff, to conduct the Guard One checks. 21 Defendants oppose plaintiff’s motion. They argue plaintiff’s claims against Flores are not 22 sufficiently related to plaintiff’s Eighth Amendment claims in the SAC. In reply, plaintiff makes 23 clear that he is raising an Eighth Amendment claim against Flores in addition to the First 24 Amendment retaliation claim.3 Plaintiff also appears to seek to add new allegations that the court 25 in Coleman improperly ordered the use of Guard One for inmates who are not in the Coleman 26 class. 27 3 Because this court will grant plaintiff’s motion for an extension of time to file a reply brief, this 28 court considers that brief here. 1 II. Legal Standards 2 With respect to plaintiff’s motion to add claims against Flores, he is seeking to 3 supplement, rather than amend, his complaint. An amended complaint amends the original 4 claims, while a supplemental complaint adds new claims. Amended pleadings relate to matters 5 that occurred prior to the filing of the original pleading. Supplemental pleadings deal with events 6 subsequent to the present pleading. 4 Wright, Miller & Kane, Federal Practice & Procedure, § 7 1504 (3d ed.). Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 15(d) allows a party to supplement his pleading to 8 set forth transactions or events that have happened since the date of the original pleading. 9 “While leave to permit supplemental pleading is ‘favored,’ it cannot be used to introduce 10 a ‘separate, distinct and new cause of action.’” Planned Parenthood of S. Ariz. v. Neely, 130 F.3d 11 400, 402 (9th Cir. 1997). The goal of Rule 15(d) is to promote judicial efficiency. A motion to 12 supplement may be denied if granting the motion would, in effect, result in two separate actions 13 within the same case. Id. “When deciding whether or not to permit leave, factors to be 14 considered include undue delay, bad faith or dilatory motive on the part of the movant, undue 15 prejudice to the opposing party, and futility. See Johnson v. Buckley, 356 F.3d 1067, 1077 (9th 16 Cir. 2004); Chodos v. West Pub’g Co., 292 F.3d 992, 1003 (9th Cir. 2002). Futility alone can 17 justify denial of a motion to supplement. See Bonin v. Calderon, 59 F.3d 815, 845-46 (9th Cir. 18 1995). 19 The Ninth Circuit differentiates between pleadings attempting to amend claims and those 20 seeking to amend parties. Rule 15 is construed less liberally when new parties are proposed. 21 Union Pacific R. Co. v. Nevada Power Co., 950 F.2d 1429, 1432 (9th Cir. 1991) (“Amendments 22 seeking to add claims are to be granted more freely than amendments adding parties.” (citing 23 Martell v. Trilogy Ltd., 872 F.2d 322, 324 (9th Cir. 1989)). In evaluating a proposed amendment 24 to add parties, a court also considers the requirements of Rule 20 of the Federal Rules of Civil 25 Procedure. See Desert Empire Bank v. Insurance Co. of N. America, 623 F.2d 1371, 1374 (9th 26 Cir. 1980) (a plaintiff’s petition to amend their pleadings to add a defendant brings into 27 consideration Rules 15 and 20); Denham v. Aranda, No. 09-cv-1505, 2012 WL 3561988, *3 (S.D. 28 Cal. Aug. 17, 2012) (denying plaintiff leave to amend to add claims and parties because adding 1 the claims would violate Rule 20); Travelers Cas. and Sur. Co. of America v. Dunmore, No. CIV 2 S-07-2493 LKK/DAD, 2010 WL 2546070 (E.D. Cal. June 23, 2010) (analyzing a motion to 3 amend a complaint to add new parties under both Rule 15 and Rule 20). 4 Rule 20(a) provides, in relevant part: 5 Persons ... may be joined in one action as defendants if: (A) any right to relief is asserted against them jointly, severally, or in the 6 alternative with respect to or arising out of the same transaction, occurrence, or series of transactions or occurrences; and (B) any 7 question of law or fact common to all defendants will arise in the action. 8 9 Rule 20(a) thus imposes two requirements for permissive joinder: “(1) a right to relief 10 must be asserted against each defendant relating to or arising out of the same transaction or 11 occurrence or series of transactions or occurrences, and (2) some question of law or fact common 12 to all parties must arise in the action.” Coleman v. Quaker Oats Co., 232 F.3d 1271, 1296 (9th 13 Cir. 2000); 7 Wright, Miller & Kane, Federal Practice and Procedure, § 1653 (3d ed.) (Rule 20(a) 14 “imposes two specific requisites to the joinder of parties.... Both of these requirements must be 15 satisfied in order to sustain party joinder under Rule 20(a).”). 16 If these threshold requirements are met, the court must then consider other relevant factors 17 to determine whether joinder comports with principles of fundamental fairness. These factors are 18 similar to those for Rule 15 - possible prejudice to a party and the motive of the party seeking 19 joinder. See Coleman, 232 F.3d at 1296 (“[A] district court must examine whether permissive 20 joinder would ‘comport with the principles of fundamental fairness’ or would result in prejudice 21 to either side.”); see also Desert Empire Bank, 623 F.2d at 1375 (“[W]hen making a decision 22 whether to allow the permissive joinder of a party, a court should consider such factors as the 23 possible prejudice that may result to any of the parties in the litigation, ... the motive [of] the 24 moving party ..., [and] the closeness of the relationship between the new and the old parties...”). 25 III. Analysis 26 A. New Eighth Amendment Claim 27 Initially, this court finds that plaintiff’s allegations regarding Flores’ use of Guard One 28 state an Eighth Amendment claim cognizable in this § 1983 action. See 28 U.S.C. § 1915A (The 1 court is required to screen complaints brought by prisoners under § 1983 and dismiss those claims 2 that fail to state a claim upon which relief may be granted.) The next question, then, is whether 3 that claim may be added to this action. 4 The parties dispute whether the claim is sufficiently similar to the Eighth Amendment 5 claims raised in the SAC. Defendants argue the claims do not overlap. However, an examination 6 of plaintiff’s current claims and proposed claim against Flores reveals sufficient similarities that it 7 would be most efficient, for both the parties and the court, to resolve the Eighth Amendment 8 claims in the same action. 9 To prove defendants were responsible for conditions of confinement that violated 10 plaintiff’s Eighth Amendment rights, plaintiff must show two things. First, he must show that 11 defendants deprived him of a “minimal civilized measure of life’s necessities.” This is the 12 objective prong of the Eighth Amendment analysis. Second, he must show that each defendant 13 subjectively knew of, and deliberately ignored, the excessive risk to plaintiff’s health. See 14 Grenning v. Miller–Stout, 739 F.3d 1235, 1238-39 (9th Cir. 2014). 15 Plaintiff claims defendant Flores violated his Eighth Amendment rights when conducting 16 Guard One checks because she used the baton to strike the metal disk on his door with 17 unnecessary force, creating a loud “bamming” that caused plaintiff anxiety and sleeplessness, 18 among other things. Plaintiff contends Flores did so knowing that it would cause plaintiff harm 19 and was motivated by retaliation for plaintiff’s grievance against her. 20 In his SAC, plaintiff alleges that each of the correctional officer defendants also struck the 21 metal disk on his door with unnecessary force. He claims they did so knowing it would cause 22 plaintiff harm and were motivated by the hope that inmates would complain about the use of 23 Guard One and the welfare check system would be discontinued. 24 Defendants point to several differences between the allegations against the current 25 defendants and the allegations against Flores: (1) plaintiff alleges the current defendants 26 unnecessarily struck the doors of all inmates in the segregation and security housing units while 27 he alleges Flores struck only his door; (2) plaintiff alleges the reason the current defendants struck 28 plaintiff’s door differs from the reason Flores did; and (3) current defendants are correctional 1 officers and Flores is a psychiatric technician. What defendants do not explain is how these 2 differences relate to the Eighth Amendment analysis. 3 The objective prong of the Eighth Amendment test requires plaintiff to prove that striking 4 the cell doors with unnecessary force causes sleep deprivation and that the right to sleep is a “life 5 necessity” under the Eighth Amendment. This legal analysis will be the same for plaintiff’s 6 claims against the current defendants and Flores. 7 The subjective prong of the test requires plaintiff to prove that each defendant knew 8 striking his door with unnecessary force would cause plaintiff sleep deprivation and that they did 9 so deliberately despite that knowledge. Whether officers intended to cause harm to all inmates or 10 just to plaintiff is not relevant to the Eighth Amendment analysis. If the current defendants 11 intended to strike every inmate’s cell door with unnecessary force, then they necessarily intended 12 to strike plaintiff’s door with unnecessary force. Moreover, plaintiff alleges the current 13 defendants and Flores all knew, and disregarded, the risk to plaintiff from their use of Guard One. 14 He contends that despite the fact he told each one that their use of Guard One was causing him 15 harm, they all continued to strike his door with unnecessary force. 16 This court recognizes that plaintiff alleges different motivations – the current defendants 17 sought to cause the prison to discontinue use of Guard One while Flores sought to retaliate 18 against plaintiff. However, the Eighth Amendment test asks only whether a defendant knew of, 19 and was deliberately indifferent to, the harm to plaintiff. Whether defendants inflicted that harm 20 for different reasons may be related to, but is certainly not determinative of, that question. 21 Defendants fail to show otherwise. 22 Finally, defendants’ allegation that “it is likely” the rules governing the execution of the 23 Guard One system by custody staff differ from rules for psychiatric technicians is simply an 24 unsupported stab at finding a distinction. Even if defendants could show those rules are different, 25 they do not explain how that difference would affect the Eighth Amendment analysis. 26 For these reasons, this court finds plaintiff’s Eighth Amendment claim against Flores 27 satisfies the Rule 15(d) test because it is sufficiently related to plaintiff’s existing Eighth 28 //// 1 Amendment claims against the correctional officer defendants. The addition of plaintiff’s Eighth 2 Amendment claim against Flores would not amount to a separate cause of action. 3 This court must next look to Rule 20(a). The first question under Rule 20(a) is whether 4 plaintiff’s new claim arises out of the same transaction or occurrence or the same series of 5 transactions or occurrences as his existing claims. That standard “refers to similarity in the 6 factual background of a claim.” Coughlin v. Rogers, 130 F.3d 1348, 1350 (9th Cir. 1997). As 7 described above, the factual background of each of plaintiff’s claims against the correctional 8 officer defendants and Flores is similar. Plaintiff alleges that over a period of time, defendants 9 caused unnecessary noise when using Guard One with deliberate indifference to the harm it 10 caused him. Plaintiff’s existing claims do not arise out of one time period. Rather, plaintiff 11 alleges a series of misconduct. He challenges excessive noise made by defendants Aguirre and 12 Stewart in 2015 and 2016; by defendants Lambert and Gutierrez in 2017; and by defendants 13 Caballos, Ramirez, and Wright in 2018. Plaintiff’s allegation that Flores also made excessive 14 noise using Guard One in 2020 is simply the last in this series of related claims. 15 Of course, the claims against Flores will involve some separate issues. But that is already 16 the case with the existing defendants. Plaintiff will be required to prove that each of the current 17 defendants, individually, intended to cause plaintiff harm and that each used unnecessary force 18 when they struck plaintiff’s door with the Guard One baton. The fact that plaintiff will be 19 required to prove the same for Flores does not insert an issue so separate that it should be raised 20 in a new case. 21 The second question under Rule 20(a) is whether the existing and new claims share 22 questions of law or fact. As discussed above, this requirement is met. To prove each of the 23 Eighth Amendment claims, plaintiff must establish that striking his cell door with unnecessary 24 force causing sleep deprivation denied plaintiff a life necessity under the Eighth Amendment. 25 Finally, both Rule 15(d) and Rule 20(a) require the court to consider whether defendants 26 will be prejudiced by the addition of the Eighth Amendment claim against Flores and plaintiff’s 27 motive in seeking to add it. Defendants do not argue that plaintiff has an improper motive in 28 seeking to add Flores. Rather, defendants argue generally that they will be prejudiced because the 1 case will be delayed and will cause them additional expense and time. The only specific 2 additional work they point to is responding to the third amended complaint, which they describe 3 as 112 pages long. 4 Defendants’ latter point is not well taken. Defendants state several times that reviewing 5 plaintiff’s amended complaint will be excessively time-consuming because of its length. 6 However, defendants’ description of plaintiff’s amended complaint is misleading. Plaintiff’s 7 filing is a total of 116 pages. The first four pages are his motion to amend (ECF No. 66 at 1-4) 8 and the next seventeen pages (id. at 5-21) are his proposed third amended complaint. The 9 remainder of his filing consists of duplicate copies of those two documents (id. at 25-45) and 10 exhibits, which appear to primarily be copies of grievances and some of those are duplicate 11 copies. The only document to which defendants will be required to directly respond is the 12 seventeen-page third amended complaint. That will not require work that is unduly prejudicial to 13 defendants. 14 With respect to defendants’ other assertions of prejudice, they do not explain how any 15 delay will prejudice them. Nor do they explain just what sort of additional expenses they will 16 incur if Flores is added to this case rather than if plaintiff files a new suit. 17 As stated above, given the significant shared issues in the Eighth Amendment claims, it 18 will be most efficient for everyone to include Flores in this action. That is particularly true 19 because this case has not progressed to consideration of the merits of plaintiff’s claims. The court 20 issued a Discovery and Scheduling Order that set a deadline of November 21, 2019 for filing 21 dispositive motions. (ECF No. 36.) However, on October 11, 2019, when Chief Judge Mueller 22 related this case to other Guard One cases, she vacated all pending deadlines in each case. (ECF 23 No. 55.) Therefore, the substantive motion deadline was lifted. While defendants have indicated 24 they intend to file a summary judgment motion (see ECF No. 89), they have not yet done so. 25 This court will recommend that plaintiff’s motion to supplement his SAC with an Eighth 26 Amendment claim against Flores be granted. 27 This court next considers plaintiff’s other proposed claims. He raises claims that Flores 28 retaliated against him in violation of the First Amendment, that she violated the PREA when she 1 entered plaintiff’s cell area without announcing her presence. Plaintiff also alleges that Coleman 2 does not permit use of Guard One on the cell doors of inmates who are not in the mental health 3 programs, and that the use of psychiatric technicians such as Flores to conduct Guard One checks 4 violates Coleman. 5 As a general rule, a plaintiff may join “as many claims as it has against an opposing 6 party.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 18(a). Once a court determines that a defendant is properly joined under 7 Rule 20(a), this court considers whether the plaintiff may add multiple claims against that party. 8 See Leslie v. Madrigal, No. 1:16-cv-1698 AWI SKO PC, 2019 WL 1749134, at *3 (E.D. Cal. 9 Apr. 19, 2019). To do so, this court considers whether the other claims plaintiff seeks to raise in 10 his third amended complaint are cognizable in this § 1983 case. See 28 U.S.C. § 1915A (The 11 court is required to screen complaints brought by prisoners under § 1983 and dismiss those claims 12 that fail to state a claim upon which relief may be granted.); cf., Leadsinger, Inc. v. BMG Music 13 Pub., 512 F.3d 522, 532 (9th Cir. 2008) (leave to amend may be denied when amendment would 14 be futile because the plaintiff cannot state a claim). 15 B. First Amendment Claim 16 To state a claim for retaliation, plaintiff must allege facts showing that Flores took an 17 adverse action against him because he exercised conduct protected by the First Amendment, that 18 she did so to discourage plaintiff from filing additional grievances, and that the action did not 19 reasonably advance a legitimate correctional goal. See Rhodes v. Robinson, 408 F.3d 559, 567- 20 68 (9th Cir. 2005). Plaintiff alleges that he filed a grievance complaining that Flores was 21 violating the PREA. In retaliation for filing that grievance, Flores used the Guard One system 22 with more force than necessary to cause plaintiff harm. These allegations are sufficient to state a 23 First Amendment claim. 24 //// 25 //// 26 //// 27 28 1 C. Other Claims4 2 Plaintiff’s remaining three potential claims are not cognizable here. With respect to 3 plaintiff’s claims that orders issued in Coleman do not permit psychiatric technicians to use 4 ``Guard One and do not permit its use on inmates who are not in the mental health system, 5 plaintiff fails to explain how these supposed conflicts with Coleman amount to a violation of his 6 constitutional rights. The violation of a court order does not, without more, state a claim under 7 §1983. 8 With respect to plaintiff’s claim that Flores violated his rights under the PREA, plaintiff’s 9 allegations do not state a claim actionable under 42 U.S.C. § 1983. “In order to seek redress 10 through § 1983, ... a plaintiff must assert the violation of a federal right, not merely a violation of 11 federal law.” Blessing v. Freestone, 520 U.S. 329, 340 (1997) (emphasis in original; citation 12 omitted). The PREA, 42 U.S.C. §§ 15601-15609, “authorizes the reporting of incidents of rape in 13 prison, allocation of grants, and creation of a study commission,” but there is nothing in the 14 PREA to indicate that it created a private right of action, enforceable under § 1983 or otherwise. 15 See Porter v. Jennings, No. 1:10-cv-01811-AWI-DLB PC, 2012 WL 1434986, at *1 (E.D. Cal. 16 Apr. 25, 2012) (collecting cases). Since the Act itself contains no private right of action, it does 17 not create a right enforceable under § 1983. Plaintiff’s allegations of a violation of the PREA fail 18 to state a claim for relief. 19 Because neither violations of orders in Coleman nor violations of the PREA are claims 20 cognizable in this § 1983 action, this court will recommend they be dismissed. 21 MOTION TO INTERVENE 22 Plaintiff seeks to intervene in Coleman v. Newsom. He explains that he should be 23 permitted to do so because the Guard One order issued in Coleman affects him even though he is 24 not a member of the Coleman class. Rule 24 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure governs 25 motions for intervention. Any such motion must be filed in the case in which plaintiff seeks to 26 4 To the extent this court must re-screen plaintiff’s claims against the existing defendants, those 27 Eighth Amendment claims appear to be the same as plaintiff’s existing claims against those defendants. This court has already found those Eighth Amendment claims cognizable. Any new 28 claims plaintiff alleges are addressed herein. 1 intervene. 7C Wright, Miller & Kane, Federal Practice and Procedure, § 1913 (3d ed.). 2 Accordingly, plaintiff’s motion to intervene will be denied without prejudice to its re- 3 filing in Coleman v. Newsom, 2:90-cv-0520 KJM DB P. 4 MOTION TO STRIKE 5 On December 27, 2021, plaintiff filed an “amended complaint.” Plaintiff’s allegations 6 appear to be the same against the current defendants and defendant Flores as those raised in the 7 third amended complaint. In the December 27 amended complaint, plaintiff adds two new 8 defendants: Associate Warden T. Perez and M.D. Steiner, Director, Division of Adult 9 Institutions. It appears that plaintiff is attempting to address the notice filed by defendants that 10 defendant Sexton died during the pendency of this action. Plaintiff states that instead of naming 11 Sexton’s estate as a defendant herein, he is “willing” to amend the complaint to add defendant 12 Steiner. Plaintiff alleges that in 2014 Steiner signed a directive requiring the prisons to 13 implement Guard One in the security housing units and administrative segregation units. Plaintiff 14 claims Steiner’s actions violated the order in Coleman limiting Guard One to inmates in the 15 mental health programs and violated the Equal Protection Clause. 16 Plaintiff then states that if this court feels Steiner did not have adequate notice of 17 plaintiff’s claim against him, then plaintiff wishes to add defendant Perez. Plaintiff states that 18 Perez reviewed his grievances regarding Guard One and failed to instruct officers to use Guard 19 One more quietly. 20 Defendants seek to strike plaintiff’s December 27, 2021 amended complaint based on 21 plaintiff’s failure to bring a motion to amend. Defendants filed their motion on January 7, 2022. 22 Plaintiff’s response was due within twenty-one days after service of the motion. E.D. Cal. R. 23 230(l). Over forty-five days have passed since defendants filed their motion and plaintiff has not 24 filed a response. Accordingly, this court will consider defendants’ motion. 25 Defendants are correct. If plaintiff seeks to amend a complaint, he must do so by filing a 26 motion. 6 Wright, Miller & Kane, Federal Practice and Procedure, § 1485 (3d ed.) Because he 27 failed to do so, this court will recommend defendants’ motion to strike be granted. 28 //// 1 Plaintiff should consider the following before filing any further motion to amend: 2 • He must show that he meets the standards for amendment set out in Rule 15 and 3 the standards for adding new parties set out in Rule 20. 4 • He must have exhausted all administrative remedies against the potential 5 defendants before attempting to include them in this action. 6 • He should review this order and the court’s prior screening orders regarding the 7 viability of his potential claims. For example, this court finds herein that 8 plaintiff’s allegations that defendants violated an order in Coleman order do not 9 state a federal claim cognizable in this § 1983 action. 10 With respect to the notice of the death of defendant Sexton, that notice advised plaintiff 11 that if he wished to substitute in Sexton’s estate he had 90 days from the date of that notice to do 12 so. See Fed. R. Civ. P. 25(a)(1). Plaintiff indicates that he is seeking to substitute Steiner or 13 Perez for Sexton. Substitution with those parties is not appropriate. Rather, upon the death of a 14 party, the plaintiff may seek to substitute only a legal representative of the deceased defendant. 15 Fed. R. Civ. P. 25(a)(1); 5 Wright, Miller & Kane, Federal Practice and Procedure, § 1956 (3d 16 ed.) Plaintiff provides no reason to think Steiner or Perez is a legal representative of Sexton. 17 Defendants filed the notice of death on November 3, 2021. The 90 days expired on 18 February 1, 2022 and plaintiff has not moved to substitute a proper party. Therefore, plaintiff’s 19 claims against Sexton should be dismissed from this action. Fed. R. Civ. P. 25(a)(1). 20 REMAINING PENDING MOTIONS 21 This court finds good cause for plaintiff’s motion for an extension of time to file a reply to 22 defendants’ opposition to his motion to amend. With respect to plaintiff’s motion for an “instant” 23 ruling, plaintiff provided no reason for the court to address his motion to amend with particular 24 urgency and, in any event, his motion is now moot. Finally, defendants’ motion to vacate the 25 summary judgment deadline appears to be based on the belief that, when she granted their motion 26 for a new scheduling order, Chief Judge Mueller also set a deadline for filing dispositive motions. 27 She did not. Rather, Chief Judge Mueller referred the scheduling issues to this court. 28 1 This court will address scheduling after Chief Judge Mueller rules on plaintiff’s motion to 2 amend and defendants’ motion to strike. 3 For the foregoing reasons, IT IS HERBY ORDERED that: 4 1. Plaintiff’s April 1, 2021 motion for an extension of time to file a reply brief (ECF No. 5 71) is granted; 6 2. Plaintiff’s November 8, 2021 motion for an “instant” ruling on the motion to amend 7 the complaint (ECF No. 83) is denied; 8 3. Plaintiff’s motion to intervene (ECF No. 86) is denied without prejudice to its renewal 9 in Coleman v. Newsom, 2:90-cv-0520 KJM DB P. 10 4. Defendants’ motion to vacate the dispositive motion deadline (ECF No. 89) is denied 11 as moot. 12 Further, IT IS RECOMMENDED that 13 1. Plaintiff’s February 18, 2021 motion to amend the SAC (ECF No. 66) be granted in 14 part and denied in part as follows: 15 a. Plaintiff’s motion to supplement his SAC with an Eighth Amendment claim and 16 a First Amendment claim against defendant Flores be granted; and 17 b. Plaintiff’s motion to supplement or amend the SAC be denied with respect to 18 the addition of claims that Guard One is being used inappropriately on non-Coleman class 19 members, that defendant Flores violated plaintiff’s rights under the PREA, and that CDCR 20 violated an order in Coleman by allowing psychiatric technicians, rather than custody 21 staff, to conduct the Guard One checks. 22 2. Defendant’s motion to strike (ECF No. 87) the amended complaint filed December 27, 23 2021 be granted. 24 3. Defendant Sexton be dismissed from this action. 25 These findings and recommendations will be submitted to the United States District Judge 26 assigned to the case, pursuant to the provisions of 28 U.S.C. § 636(b)(l). Within thirty days after 27 being served with these findings and recommendations, either party may file written objections 28 with the court. The document should be captioned “Objections to Magistrate Judge's Findings 1 | and Recommendations.” The parties are advised that failure to file objections within the specified 2 || time may result in waiver of the right to appeal the district court’s order. Martinez v. □□□□□ 951 3 | F.2d 1153 (9th Cir. 1991). 4 | Dated: March 30, 2022 7 BORAH BARNES UNITED STATES MAGISTRATE JUDGE 8 9 DLB:9/DB Prisoner Inbox/Civil Rights/S/harr0080.mot am SAC 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 15