Leonard v. FedEx Freight, Inc. ( 2022 )

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 9 EASTERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 10 11 SEAN LEONARD, MEL MENDIETA, No. 2:19-cv-00042-MCE-KJN on behalf of themselves, and all others 12 similarly situated, 13 Plaintiffs, ORDER 14 v. 15 FEDEX FREIGHT, INC. and Does 1 through 50, inclusive, 16 Defendants. 17 18 By way of this action, Plaintiffs Sean Leonard and Mel Mendieta (collectively 19 “Plaintiffs”) seek to recover from Defendant FedEx Freight, Inc. (“Defendant”) for 20 violations of California’s wage and hour laws and for retaliation. Presently before the 21 Court is Defendant’s Motion to Renew Second Motion for Partial Judgment on the 22 Pleadings (“Renewed Motion”) (ECF No. 56), which seeks to dismiss Plaintiffs’ union- 23 retaliation claims on the basis that this Court lacks subject matter jurisdiction over those 24 causes of action because they are preempted by the exclusive jurisdiction of the 25 National Labor Relations Board (“NLRB”).1 See San Diego Unions v. Garmon, 359 U.S. 26 236, 245, 79 S. Ct. 773, 3 L. Ed. 2d 775 (1959). Defendant’s original Motion for 27 1 Although the present Motion is captioned as a “Motion to Renew,” the Court construes it as a 28 Renewed Motion for Partial Judgment on the Pleadings and will address it on the merits. 1 Judgment on the Pleadings (“Original Motion”) was previously granted in September 2 2019. ECF No. 18. Plaintiffs thereafter filed a First Amended Complaint (“FAC”), and 3 Defendant filed a Second Motion for Partial Judgment on the Pleadings (“Second 4 Motion”). ECF Nos. 19, 21. The Court subsequently stayed this action and denied 5 Defendant’s Second Motion without prejudice to renewal once the stay was lifted. ECF 6 No. 40. Defendant’s Renewed Motion, which is now properly before the Court, is 7 GRANTED.2 8 Because Plaintiffs’ FAC is materially the same as their original Complaint, the 9 issues raised in this Renewed Motion also directly track those the Court adjudicated in 10 connection with Defendant’s Original Motion. Accordingly, that decision is incorporated 11 by reference here in its entirety. See ECF No. 18. Defendant’s Renewed Motion is 12 GRANTED for the reasons previously set forth therein. Plaintiffs’ new arguments against 13 preemption are also unpersuasive. 14 First, the Court disagrees with Plaintiffs’ contention that their claims fall outside 15 the purview of the NLRB’s jurisdiction “because the Board already determined the 16 challenged conduct does not implicate section 8 of the [National Labor Relations Act 17 (“NLRA” or “the Act”), 29 U.S.C. § 151 et seq.]” Pls.’ Opp., ECF No. 59, at 15 (emphasis 18 omitted). According to Plaintiffs, the NLRB dispositively determined that “[Defendant’s] 19 conduct in failing to provide wage increases . . . did not give rise to an unfair labor 20 practice . . . .” Id. at 16. However, this mischaracterizes the NLRB’s decision. 21 The NLRB did not issue a decision saying Defendant’s challenged conduct “fell 22 outside” of the NLRA. Rather, it determined that “[t]he evidence failed to establish that 23 [Defendant] violated the [NLRA] by refusing to issue an annual wage increase to 24 bargaining unit employees.” Workman Decl., ECF No. 59-2, Ex. C (emphasis added). 25 The NLRB reasoned that the wage increase was lawful because, among other things, 26 “there [was] no substantial evidence of antiunion animus.” Id. Accordingly, the NLRB 27 2 Because oral argument would not be of material assistance, the Court ordered this matter 28 submitted on the briefs. E.D. Cal. Local Rule 230(g). 1 | did not conclude that Plaintiffs could not have proven the NLRA was violated, but only 2 | that they did not prove as much in this case. The decision issued by the NLRB thus 3 | does not change the Court’s prior analysis. 4 Second, Plaintiffs’ reliance on the fact that their state claims do not, on their face, 5 | require a showing of anti-union animus misses the mark. This argument turns on 6 | Plaintiffs’ premise that “[a]nti-union animus . . . is not an element of [their] cause of action 7 | under [California Labor Code § 923].” Id. at 19 (emphasis omitted). The problem with 8 | Plaintiffs’ logic, however, is that although section 923 does not specifically require a 9 | showing of anti-union animus, Plaintiffs have to show such animus to prove why they 10 | were allegedly retaliated against in this particular case. Stated another way, although 11 || section 923 permits a party to pursue a retaliation claim on any number of bases, the 12 | foundation for Plaintiffs’ actual retaliation claim is anti-union animus. Accordingly, for the 13 | Court to find for Plaintiffs on their retaliation claims here, it would have to find that 14 | Defendant retaliated against Plaintiffs for their decision to have the union act as their 15 | representative, which would, of course, directly contravene the NLRB’s decision that 16 | Plaintiffs failed to show such anti-union animus in that forum. “This is precisely the kind 17 | of conflict that Garmon is intended to prevent.” Def.’s Reply, ECF No. 60, at 1.° 18 For the reasons set forth above, Defendant’s Renewed Motion for Judgment on 19 | the Pleadings (ECF No. 56) is GRANTED. The Court hereby DISMISSES without leave 20 | to amend Plaintiffs’ retaliation claims as set forth in their Fifth and Sixth Causes of 21 | Action. 22 IT |S SO ORDERED. 23 | Dated: April 18, 2022 Eo 24 f{ late rf LEK. 8 MENTOR UNITED STATES DISTRICT JUDGE 26 3 A decision to the contrary would validate a strategy by which parties could purposefully circumvent NLRB jurisdiction in order to pursue claims in state court. So long as Plaintiffs put forth 27 insufficient facts before the NLRB to establish a claim for anti-union retaliation, they could then point to that evidentiary failure there to avoid preemption arguments before then putting forth a more robust case 28 | in state or federal court to prove essentially the same anti-union retaliation claims.