(PC) Stewart v. Ponce ( 2023 )

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 9 FOR THE EASTERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 10 11 DARRYL LEROY STEWART, JR., No. 2:22-cv-00285-CKD P 12 Plaintiff, 13 v. ORDER 14 S. PONCE, et al., 15 Defendants. 16 17 Plaintiff is a state prisoner proceeding pro se and in forma pauperis in this civil rights 18 action filed pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 1983. All parties have consented to the jurisdiction of the 19 assigned Magistrate Judge for all further proceedings in this case including trial and the entry of 20 judgment. See ECF No. 29. 21 This case is proceeding on Eighth Amendment failure to protect claims against defendants 22 Ponce and Ibarra. See ECF No. 9 (screening order). Currently pending before the court is 23 defendants’ motion to dismiss plaintiff’s official capacity claims against them. For the reasons 24 explained in further detail below, defendants’ motion to dismiss is granted. 25 I. Motion to Dismiss 26 On October 26, 2022, defendants filed a partial motion to dismiss asserting that the claims 27 for damages against defendants in their official capacity are barred by the Eleventh Amendment. 28 ECF No. 22. Defendants additionally contend that they are not “persons” under § 1983 in their 1 official capacity because plaintiff is not requesting injunctive relief. ECF No. 22. 2 Plaintiff has not filed an opposition and the time to do so has expired. See ECF Nos. 24, 3 32 (granting extensions of time). 4 II. Legal Standards 5 Dismissal under Rule 12(b)(6) may be based on either: (1) lack of a cognizable legal 6 theory, or (2) insufficient facts under a cognizable legal theory. Chubb Custom Ins. Co. v. Space 7 Sys./Loral, Inc., 710 F.3d 946, 956 (9th Cir. 2013). In ruling on a motion to dismiss filed 8 pursuant to Rule 12(b)(6), the court “may generally consider only allegations contained in the 9 pleadings, exhibits attached to the complaint, and matters properly subject to judicial notice.” 10 Outdoor Media Group, Inc. v. City of Beaumont, 506 F.3d 895, 899 (9th Cir. 2007) (citation and 11 quotation marks omitted). 12 III. Analysis 13 In this case, plaintiff seeks compensatory and punitive damages against the defendants in 14 their individual and official capacities for violating his Eighth Amendment rights. See ECF No. 1 15 at 2 (complaint). “Official-capacity suits… generally represent only another way of pleading an 16 action against an entity of which an officer is an agent.” Kentucky v. Graham, 473 U.S. 159, 165 17 (1985) (internal quotation marks omitted); see also Community House, Inc. v. City of Boise, 18 Idaho, 623 F.3d 945, 966-67 (9th Cir. 2010) (emphasizing the distinction between individual and 19 official capacity suits). Therefore, claims against defendants in their official capacity are 20 functionally claims against the State of California. See, e.g., Mendiola-Martinez v. Arpaio, 836 21 F.3d 1239, 1250 (9th Cir. 2016) (“When a county official like Sheriff Arpaio is sued in his 22 official capacity, the claims against him are claims against the county.”). As defendants point 23 out, the Eleventh Amendment serves as a jurisdictional bar to suits brought by private parties 24 against a state or state agency unless the state or the agency consents to such suit. See Quern v. 25 Jordan, 440 U.S. 332 (1979); Alabama v. Pugh, 438 U.S. 781 (1978) (per curiam); Jackson v. 26 Hayakawa, 682 F.2d 1344, 1349-50 (9th Cir. 1982). California has not waived its Eleventh 27 Amendment immunity with respect to claims brought under 42 U.S.C. § 1983 in federal court. 28 Dittman v. California, 191 F.3d 1020, 1025-26 (9th Cir. 1999). Since CDCR is a state agency, 1 | defendants Ponce and Ibarra who are its employees, are immune from suit for monetary damages 2 || 1n their official capacity. In this case, there is no cognizable legal theory under which plaintiff 3 || can seek monetary damages against defendants in their official capacity. For this reason, 4 || defendants’ partial motion to dismiss is granted. 5 IV. Plain Language Summary for Pro Se Party 6 The following information is meant to explain this order in plain English and is not 7 || intended as legal advice. 8 After reviewing the motion to dismiss, the court is dismissing the official capacity claims 9 || against defendants with prejudice because they are barred by the Eleventh Amendment. This 10 || analysis does not affect your individual capacity claims against defendants. Therefore, your case 11 | will continue as to the Eighth Amendment failure to protect claims against defendants Ponce and 12 | Ibarra in their individual capacities. 13 In accordance with the above, IT IS HEREBY ORDERED that: 14 1. Defendants’ motion to dismiss the official capacity claims (ECF No. 22) is granted. 15 2. Plaintiffs claims against defendants in their official capacity are dismissed with 16 prejudice as barred by the Eleventh Amendment. 17 3. This case is proceeding only on the individual capacity claims against defendants 18 Ponce and Ibarra for failing to protect plaintiff from being attacked by another inmate 19 in violation of the Eighth Amendment. 20 | Dated: July 21, 2023 □□ I / dip Ze 21 CAROLYNK. DELANEY 22 UNITED STATES MAGISTRATE JUDGE 23 24 25 26 27 | 12/stew0285.mtd.CIRA 28