Swain v. Anders Group, LLC ( 2023 )

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 10 FOR THE EASTERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 11 12 LISA SWAIN, an individual on behalf of No. 1:21-cv-00197-SKO herself and others similarly situated, 13 ORDER VACATING HEARING AND Plaintiff, GRANTING MOTION FOR FINAL 14 APPROVAL OF CLASS ACTION v. SETTLEMENT AND GRANTING 15 MOTION FOR ATTORNEY’S FEES, ANDERS GROUP, LLC, COSTS, SERVICE AWARD, AND 16 ADMINISTRATIVE EXPENSES Defendant. 17 (Docs. 30 & 31.) 18 19 20 Pending before the Court is Plaintiff’s motion for final approval of a class action settlement 21 and motion for attorney’s fees, costs, service award, and administrative expenses. (Docs. 30 & 31.) 22 No objections to the proposed settlement terms were received by the settlement administrator (see 23 Doc. 31-3 at 2) or filed with the Court. Accordingly, the hearing for the motions, currently set for 24 May 3, 2023, will be vacated. 25 For the reasons set forth below, the Court will grant final approval of the class action 26 settlement and will grant the motion for the attorney’s fees, costs, service award, and administrative 27 expenses. 28 1 I. BACKGROUND 2 The Court previously summarized Plaintiff’s allegations in its October 6, 2022, order 3 granting Plaintiff’s motion for preliminary approval of a class action settlement and conditional 4 class certification, (Doc. 29), and will not repeat the factual background in this order. Following 5 the grant of preliminary approval in this action, on November 17, 2022, Plaintiff filed the pending 6 motion for attorney’s fees, costs, service award, and administration expenses, and on March 29, 7 2023, Plaintiff filed the pending motion for final approval of the parties’ class action settlement. 8 (Docs. 30 & 31.) In support of the motions, Plaintiff has submitted declarations from Plaintiff, 9 class counsel, and the settlement administrator in this action. (Docs. 30-2, 31-2, 31-3.) As of the 10 date of this order, no objections to the settlement were received by the settlement administrator or 11 filed with this Court, and no class members have opted out of the settlement. (Doc. 31-3 at 2.) 12 Anders did not oppose either motion. 13 Under the proposed settlement, Anders will pay a total of $368,500 (the “Gross Settlement 14 Amount” or “GSA”). (Doc. 31-1 at 5.) Assuming the parties’ proposed allocations are awarded in 15 full, approximately $228,598 (the “Net Settlement Amount” or “NSA”) will be available for 16 distribution to participating settlement class members. (See Doc. 31-1 at 5–6.) 17 II. FINAL CERTIFICATION OF SETTLEMENT CLASS 18 The Court conducted an examination of the class action factors in the order granting 19 preliminary approval of the settlement and found the factors warranted certification. (Doc. 29 at 20 10–16.) 21 The Court’s findings on these issues have not changed, and no objections to class 22 certification were raised. Accordingly, there is no need for the Court to repeat the analysis on these 23 issues here. See, e.g., Harris v. Vector Marketing, No. C–08–5198 EMC, 2012 WL 381202 at *3, 24 at *7 (N.D. Cal. Feb. 6, 2012) (“As a preliminary matter, the court notes that it previously certified 25 . . . a Rule 23(b)(3) class . . . . [Thus, it] need not analyze whether the requirements for certification 26 have been met and may focus instead on whether the proposed settlement is fair, adequate, and 27 reasonable.”); In re Apollo Group Inc. Securities Litigation, No. CV 04-2147-PHX-JAT, 2012 WL 28 1378677 at *4 (D. Ariz. Apr. 20, 2012) (“The Court has previously certified, pursuant to Rule 23[,] 1 . . . and hereby reconfirms its order certifying a class”). 2 The Court hereby confirms its prior order and certifies the following class (the “Class”) of 3 159 individuals (the “Settlement Class Members” or “Settlement Class”): “[a]ll non-exempt 4 employees employed by Defendant [Anders Group, LLC] in California who, at any time between 5 February 17, 2017 and February 13, 2022, worked one or more workweeks in which they were paid 6 overtime and received per diem pay.”1 (Doc. 29. See Doc. 31-1 at 4.) In addition, for the reasons 7 stated in the order granting preliminary approval, Plaintiff Lisa Swain is confirmed as class 8 representative; Matthew B. Hayes and Kye D. Pawlenko of Hayes Pawlenko LLP are confirmed as 9 class counsel; and CPT Group, Inc. (“CPT”) is confirmed as the settlement administrator. (Doc. 10 29 at 13–14, 28.) 11 III. FINAL APPROVAL OF CLASS ACTION SETTLEMENT 12 Class actions require the district court’s approval prior to settlement. Fed R. Civ. P 23(e). 13 To approve a settlement, a district court must: (i) ensure notice is sent to all class members; (ii) 14 hold a hearing and make a finding that the settlement is fair, reasonable, and adequate; (iii) confirm 15 that the parties seeking approval file a statement identifying the settlement agreement; and (iv) be 16 shown that class members were given an opportunity to object. Fed. R. Civ. P. 23(e)(1)-(5). The 17 parties filed the settlement agreement on January 18, 2022 (Doc. 18-4), and Class Members were 18 given an opportunity to object on or before December 27, 2022. (Doc. 31-1 at 8.) Neither CPT 19 nor the Court received any objections, timely or otherwise, to the settlement. (Doc. 31-3 at 2.) The 20 Court now turns to the adequacy of notice and its review of the settlement following the final 21 fairness hearing. 22 A. Notice 23 Adequate notice of the class settlement must be provided under Rule 23(e). Hanlon v. 24 Chrysler Corp., 150 F.3d 1011, 1025 (9th Cir. 1998); see also Silber v. Mabon, 18 F.3d 1449, 1453- 25 54 (9th Cir. 1994) (noting that the court need not ensure all class members receive actual notice, 26 27 1 The Settlement Agreement does not provide for certification and settlement of the FLSA claim. Instead, it provides that Plaintiff will dismiss without prejudice the FLSA claim alleged in the operative complaint. (See Doc. 31-1 at 5; 28 Doc. 18-4 at 20.) 1 only that “best practicable notice” is given); Winans v. Emeritus Corp., No. 4:13-cv-03962-HSG, 2 2016 WL 107574, at *3 (N.D. Cal. Jan. 11, 2016) (“While Rule 23 requires that ‘reasonable effort’ 3 be made to reach all class members, it does not require that each individual actually receive 4 notice.”). “Notice is satisfactory if it ‘generally describes the terms of the settlement in sufficient 5 detail to alert those with adverse viewpoints to investigate and to come forward and be heard.’” 6 Churchill Vill., L.L.C. v. Gen. Elec., 361 F.3d 566, 575 (9th Cir. 2004) (quoting Mendoza v. Tucson 7 Sch. Dist. No. 1, 623 F.2d 1338, 1352 (9th Cir. 1980)). Any notice of the settlement sent to the 8 class should alert class members of “the opportunity to opt-out and individually pursue any state 9 law remedies that might provide a better opportunity for recovery.” Hanlon, 150 F.3d at 1025. 10 The Court previously reviewed the notice provided in this case at the preliminary approval 11 stage and found it to be satisfactory. (Doc. 29 at 25–26.) Class counsel filed the declarations of 12 Tarus Dancy and William Argueta of CPT in support of the motion for final approval and fee 13 motion. (Docs. 31-3, 30-2 at 13–17.) Following the grant of preliminary approval, on October 19, 14 2022, CPT received the class data file from Anders’ counsel, which contained the names, last 15 known mailing address, social security numbers, employee number, email address, phone numbers, 16 workweeks, double-time hours, and over-time hours worked during the class period and PAGA 17 class period for each Class Member. (Doc. 30-2 at 15.) CPT finalized a class list of 159 individuals. 18 (Id.) In preparation for mailing, the class list was processed against the National Change of Address 19 (“NCOA”) database, maintained by the United States Postal Service (“USPS”), for purposes of 20 updating and confirming the mailing addresses of the Class Members before mailing the notice 21 packets. (Id.) The NCOA contains updated addresses for any individual who had moved in the 22 previous four years and notified the USPS of their change of address. (Id.) 23 On October 26, 2022, CPT mailed the notice packets via U.S. First Class Mail to the 159 24 individuals contained in the class list. (Doc. 30-2 at 15.) A copy of the notice packet was attached 25 to the declaration of Tarus Dancy as an exhibit. (See id. at 19–22.) The notice packet describes 26 the claims involved, what the settlement provides, what Class Members are giving up in exchange 27 for the settlement payment, each Class Member’s estimated payment from the settlement, and how 28 the Class Member will receive the payment. (See id.) As of March 28, 2023, 20 notice packets 1 have been returned to CPT as undeliverable, and two packets were forwarded directly by the USPS 2 to a forwarding address. (Doc. 31-3 at 2.) Accordingly, CPT performed a computerized skip trace 3 on the returned notice packets to obtain an updated address for the purpose of re-mailing the notice 4 packet. (Id.) As of March 28, 2023, a total of eight notice packets have been deemed undeliverable 5 and no updated address was found from the skip tracing. (Id.) 6 To opt out, the notice provides that each Class Member submit an “‘Opt-Out Letter’ directly 7 to the Claims Administrator.” (Doc. 30-2 at 21.) The notice further provides the “Opt-Out Letter 8 must be (1) signed; (2) include your full legal name, home address, telephone number, and last four 9 digits of your social security number; (3) express your intention to opt-out of the settlement; and 10 (4) be postmarked no later than December 27, 2022. (Id.) As for objections, the notice provides 11 that if a Class Member believes that the settlement should not be approved by the Court for any 12 reason, they “must mail a written objection to the Claims Administrator.” (Id. at 22.) The written 13 objection “must contain a statement of your objection to the settlement, accompanied by legal and 14 factual support, if any, as well as “your full name, home address, telephone number, and last four 15 digits of your social security number,” and “must be postmarked no later than December 27, 2022.” 16 (Id.) 17 As of March 28, 2023, CPT has not received any requests for exclusions or any objections 18 to the settlement. (Doc. 31-3 at 2.) Therefore, all 159 class members are participating in the 19 settlement. In light of the foregoing, the Court accepts the reports of the settlement administrator 20 and finds that CPT provided adequate notice, thereby satisfying Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 21 23(e)(1). Silber, 18 F.3d at 1453-54; Winans, 2016 WL 107574, at *3. 22 B. Final Fairness Determination 23 At the final approval stage, the primary inquiry is whether the proposed settlement “is 24 fundamentally fair, adequate, and reasonable.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 23(e)(2); Lane v. Facebook, Inc., 25 696 F.3d 811, 818 (9th Cir. 2012); Hanlon, 150 F.3d at 1026. “It is the settlement taken as a whole, 26 rather than the individual component parts, that must be examined for overall fairness.” Hanlon, 27 150 F.3d at 1026 (citing Officers for Justice v. Civil Serv. Comm’n of S.F., 688 F.2d 615, 628 (9th 28 Cir. 1982)); see also Lane, 696 F.3d at 818. Having already completed a preliminary examination 1 of the agreement, the Court reviews it again, mindful that the law favors the compromise and 2 settlement of class action suits. See, e.g., In re Syncor ERISA Litig., 516 F.3d 1095, 1101 (9th Cir. 3 2008); Churchill Vill., 361 F.3d at 576; Class Plaintiffs v. City of Seattle, 955 F.2d 1268, 1276 (9th 4 Cir. 1992); Officers for Justice, 688 F.2d at 625. Ultimately, “the decision to approve or reject a 5 settlement is committed to the sound discretion of the trial judge because [they are] exposed to the 6 litigants and their strategies, positions, and proof.” Staton v. Boeing Co, 327 F.3d 938, 953 (9th 7 Cir. 2003) (quoting Hanlon, 150 F.3d at 1026). 8 In assessing the fairness of a class action settlement, courts balance the following factors: 9 (1) the strength of the plaintiffs’ case; (2) the risk, expense, complexity, and likely duration of further litigation; (3) the risk of maintaining class action status 10 throughout the trial; (4) the amount offered in settlement; (5) the extent of discovery completed and the stage of the proceedings; (6) the experience and 11 views of counsel; (7) the presence of a governmental participant; and (8) the reaction of the class members to the proposed settlement. 12 13 Churchill Vill., 361 F.3d at 575; see also In re Online DVD-Rental Antitrust Litig., 779 F.3d 934, 14 944 (9th Cir. 2015); Rodriguez v. West Publ’g Corp., 563 F.3d 948, 964-67 (9th Cir. 2009). These 15 settlement factors are non-exclusive, and each need not be discussed if they are irrelevant to a 16 particular case. Churchill Vill., 361 F.3d at 576 n.7. 17 Consideration of the Churchill factors alone is not sufficient to survive appellate review. 18 See Briseño v. Henderson, 998 F.3d 1014, 1022-26 (9th Cir. 2021) (holding that the revised Rule 19 23(e) requires district courts “to go beyond our precedent” and mandates consideration of “the 20 Bluetooth factors” to all class action settlements, regardless of whether settlement was achieved 21 before or after class certification); see also Fed. R. Civ. P. 23(e)(2)(C)-(D). Under the revised Rule 22 23(e), “district courts must apply the Bluetooth factors to scrutinize fee arrangements . . . to 23 determine if collusion may have led to class members being shortchanged.” Briseño, 998 F.3d at 24 1026. The so-called Bluetooth factors—also referred to as “subtle signs” of collusion—include: (i) 25 “when counsel receive a disproportionate distribution of the settlement, or when the class receives 26 no monetary distribution but class counsel are amply rewarded;” (ii) the existence of a “clear 27 sailing” arrangement, which provides “for the payment of attorneys’ fees separate and apart from 28 class funds,” or a provision under which defendant agrees not to object to the attorney’s fees sought; 1 and (iii) “when the parties arrange for fees not awarded to revert to defendants rather than be added 2 to the class fund.” In re Bluetooth Headset Prods. Liab. Litig., 654 F.3d 935, 947 (9th Cir. 2011) 3 (internal quotations and citations omitted). “The presence of these three signs is not a death knell— 4 but when they exist, ‘they require[] the district court to examine them, . . . develop the record to 5 support its final approval decision,’ and thereby ‘assure itself that the fees awarded in the agreement 6 were not unreasonably high.’” Kim v. Allison, 8 F.4th 1170, 1180 (9th Cir. 2021) (quoting Allen v. 7 Bedolla, 787 F.3d 1218, 1224 (9th Cir. 2015)). Thus, while this Court has wide latitude to 8 determine whether a settlement is substantively fair, it is held to a higher procedural standard, and 9 in order “[t]o survive appellate review . . . [it] must show it has explored comprehensively all factors 10 and must give a reasoned response to all non-frivolous objections.” McKinney-Drobnis v. 11 Oreshack, 16 F.4th 594, 606 (9th Cir. 2021) (quoting Allen, 787 F.3d at 1223-24). 12 1. Strength of Plaintiff’s Case 13 When assessing the strength of a plaintiff’s case, the court does not reach “any ultimate 14 conclusions regarding the contested issues of fact and law that underlie the merits of th[e] 15 litigation.” In re Wash. Pub. Power Supply Sys. Sec. Litig., 720 F. Supp. 1379, 1388 (D. Ariz. 16 1989). The court cannot reach such a conclusion because evidence has not been fully presented. 17 Id. Instead, the court “evaluate[s] objectively the strengths and weaknesses inherent in the litigation 18 and the impact of those considerations on the parties’ decisions to reach these agreements.” Id. 19 As described in the motion for preliminary approval of the class settlement, a “key issue in 20 dispute underlying every claim in this lawsuit is whether or not Anders’ housing and meals and 21 incidentals per diem payments qualify as the type of reasonable payments for traveling expenses, 22 or other expenses, incurred by an employee in furtherance of his employer’s interest and properly 23 reimbursable by the employer that may be excluded from the regular rate.” (Doc. 18-1 at 25 24 (internal quotation marks omitted); see also Doc. 18-3 at ¶ 30; Doc. 31-1 at 11.) Plaintiff asserts 25 that the “fact that the payments are tied to the number of hours worked” weighs in her favor. (Id.) 26 She notes that weighing against her is that fact that the Ninth Circuit “declined to adopt a per se 27 rule that that per diem payments that vary with hours worked must always be included” in the 28 regular rate of pay. (Doc. 18-1 at 25 (citing Clarke v. AMN Servs., LLC, 987 F.3d 848, 856 (9th 1 Cir. 2021); see also Doc. 18-3 at ¶ 31; Doc. 31-1 at 12.) Plaintiff points out that the derivative 2 claim for waiting time penalties “faces additional risks rendering it doubtful that any waiting time 3 penalties could actually be recovered in light of several defenses asserted by Anders,” including 4 that it is exempt from California Labor Code § 203. (Doc. 18-1 at 26; see also Doc. 18-3 at ¶¶ 32– 5 34; Doc. 31-12–13.) Furthermore, as described in the Court’s order granting preliminary approval 6 of the proposed settlement, even if Plaintiff ultimately prevails on its PAGA claim, it is “likely that 7 this Court could exercise its discretion to reduce the amount of PAGA penalties ultimately 8 awarded,” given that “that the state of the law on the primary basis for liability in this lawsuit 9 remains murky.” (Doc. 29 at 20 (citing Huff v. Securitas Security Servs. USA, Inc., 23 Cal. App. 10 5th 745, 759 (2018)).) 11 Accordingly, the Court finds that consideration of this factor weighs in favor of granting 12 final approval of the parties’ settlement in this action. 13 2. Risk, Expense, Complexity, and Likely Duration of Further Litigation, and Risk of Maintaining Class Action Status Throughout Trial 14 The second and third Churchill factors, the risk, expense, complexity, and likely duration 15 of further litigation, and the risk of maintaining class action status throughout trial, weigh in favor 16 of approval. See Fed. R. Civ. P. 23(e)(2)(C)(i). “[T]here is a strong judicial policy that favors 17 settlements, particularly where complex class action litigation is concerned.” In re Syncor ERISA 18 Litig., 516 F.3d at 1101 (citing Class Plaintiffs, 955 F.2d at 1276). As a result, “[a]pproval of 19 settlement is preferable to lengthy and expensive litigation with uncertain results.” Johnson v. 20 Shaffer, No. 2:12-cv-1059-KJM-AC, 2016 WL 3027744, at *4 (E.D. Cal. May 27, 2016) (citing 21 Morales v. Stevco, Inc., No. 1:09-cv-00704-AWI-JLT, 2011 WL 5511767, at *10 (E.D. Cal. Nov. 22 10, 2011)). 23 Because of the above-described risks, Plaintiff contends that further litigation would 24 increase risk and delay. (Doc. 31-1 at 11–13.) Even if Plaintiff demonstrates that Anders had 25 unlawful policies and practices, Plaintiff will still have to present evidence that Anders’ conduct 26 was willful. (See Doc. 31-2 at 6.) Plaintiff will also have to present evidence regarding the extent 27 to which a given employee worked overtime and had the value of their per diems excluded from 28 1 their regular rate for purposes of calculating overtime pay. (See Doc. 31-1 at 3.) Such evidence 2 would likely be individualized and increases the risk that Plaintiff would be unable to obtain class 3 certification and maintain a certified class throughout trial. 4 The Court finds that consideration of this factor weighs in favor of granting final approval. 5 3. Amount Offered in Settlement 6 To evaluate the fairness of the settlement award, the court should “compare the terms of the 7 compromise with the likely rewards of litigation.” Protective Comm. for Indep. Stockholders of 8 TMT Trailer Ferry, Inc. v. Anderson, 390 U.S. 414, 424-25 (1968); see also Fed. R. Civ. P. 9 23(e)(2)(C)-(D). “It is well-settled law that a cash settlement amounting to only a fraction of the 10 potential recovery does not per se render the settlement inadequate or unfair.” In re Mego Fin. 11 Corp. Sec. Litig., 213 F.3d 454, 459 (9th Cir. 2000). To determine whether a settlement “falls 12 within the range of possible approval,” a court must focus on “substantive fairness and adequacy” 13 and “consider plaintiffs’ expected recovery balanced against the value of the settlement offer.” In 14 re Tableware Antitrust Litig., 484 F. Supp. 2d 1078, 1080 (N.D. Cal. 2007). In addition, the court 15 must consider whether “the proposal treats class members equitably relative to each other” and 16 whether “the relief provided for the class is adequate.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 23(e)(2)(C)-(D). 17 a. Gross settlement amount 18 Here, the parties have agreed to a $368,500 GSA, allocated as follows: (1) up to $92,125 19 (25% of the GSA) for attorney’s fees and up to $15,000 for litigation costs; (2) $5,000 service 20 award for Plaintiff; (3) $35,000 in civil PAGA penalties, with $26,250 of the penalties payable to 21 the California Labor and Workforce Development Agency (“LWDA”);2 and (4) up to $20,000 for 22 settlement administration costs. (Doc. 31-3 at 5–6; see also Doc. 18-4 at 5, 15, 17–18). 23 Plaintiff estimates that the maximum potential damages as to the claims asserted in this 24 action are approximately $873,857.35, making the GSA of $368,500 an approximately 42% 25 recovery of plaintiff’s maximum potential claims. (See Doc. 31-1 at 11; Doc. 31-2 at 6; see also 26 Doc. 18-1 at 24–15.) This settlement amount exceeds the range of the percentage recoveries that 27 2 Pursuant to the PAGA, 75% of the civil PAGA penalties, or $26,250, will go to the LWDA, and 25%, or $8,750, will be allocated to the net settlement amount (“Net Settlement Amount” or “NSA”). (Doc. 31-1 at 6; see also Doc. 18-4 28 at 8–9.) See Cal. Lab. Code § 2699(i). 1 California district courts—including this court—have found to be reasonable. See, e.g., Singh v. 2 Roadrunner Intermodal Servs., LLC, No. 1:15-cv-01497-DAD-BAM, 2018 WL 2412325, at *7 3 (E.D. Cal. May 29, 2018), modified, No. 1:15-cv-01497-DAD-BAM, 2018 WL 4382202 (E.D. Cal. 4 Sept. 13, 2018) (approving a settlement of about 12% of the estimated maximum damages); Glass 5 v. UBS Fin. Servs., Inc., No. 3:06-cv-04068-MMC, 2007 WL 221862, at *4 (N.D. Cal. Jan. 26, 6 2007) (approving a settlement of about 25–35% of the estimated maximum). In addition, the Court 7 notes that the pro rata allocation formula employed here is fair and reasonable because each 8 Settlement Class Member is allocated a payout that scales directly with their overtime hours 9 worked, and any Class Member may dispute the number of overtime attributed to them. (See Doc. 10 31-3 at 2; Doc. 18-4 at 16, 23.) 11 According to the settlement administrator, the average gross class payment, exclusive of 12 the PAGA payment, is estimated to be $1,340.41, the median is estimated to be $488.47, the highest 13 is estimated to be $12,276.41, and the minimum is estimated to be $2.42 (which applies to a single 14 individual who worked only 0.15 overtime hours during the class period). (Doc. 31-3 at 3.) None 15 of the NSA will revert to Anders because checks that are not cashed before their expiration will be 16 cancelled, and those funds will be transmitted to the California State Controller’s Unclaimed 17 Property Fund. (See Doc. 31-1 at 7; Doc. 18-4 at 5, 15, 16, 20.) 18 As noted above, the Court has neither received objections to the settlement nor have any 19 Class Members sought to opt out of the settlement. Finally, the Court acknowledges that while “a 20 larger award was theoretically possible, ‘the very essence of a settlement is compromise, a yielding 21 of absolutes and an abandoning of highest hopes’” (See Doc. 29 at 20 (quoting Barbosa v. Cargill 22 Meat Sols. Corp., 297 F.R.D. 431, 447 (E.D. Cal. 2013) (citing Linney v. Cellular Alaska P’ship, 23 151 F.3d 1234, 1242 (9th Cir. 1998) (internal citations and quotation marks omitted)).) 24 Based on the information presented to the Court, the Court concludes that the amount 25 offered in settlement of this action provides adequate relief for the class. 26 b. PAGA penalties 27 As described above, the settlement also provides for $35,000 in civil PAGA penalties. 28 (Doc. 31-1 at 6; 18-4 at 18.) Pursuant to the PAGA, 75% of the civil penalties, or $26,250, will go 1 to the LWDA, and 25%, or $8,750, will be distributed to aggrieved employees on a pro rata basis.3 2 (Id.) See Cal. Lab. Code § 2699(i). 3 Although there is no binding authority setting forth the proper standard of review for PAGA 4 settlements, California district courts “have applied a Rule 23-like standard, asking whether the 5 settlement of the PAGA claims is fundamentally fair, adequate, and reasonable in light of PAGA’s 6 policies and purposes.” Haralson, 383 F. Supp. 3d at 972 (internal quotation marks omitted). This 7 standard is derived principally from the LWDA itself. In commenting on a proposed settlement 8 including both class action and PAGA claims, the LWDA offered the following guidance: 9 It is thus important that when a PAGA claim is settled, the relief provided for under the PAGA be genuine and meaningful, consistent with the underlying purpose of 10 the statute to benefit the public and, in the context of a class action, the court evaluate whether the settlement meets the standards of being “fundamentally fair, 11 reasonable, and adequate” with reference to the public policies underlying the 12 PAGA. 13 O’Connor v. Uber Techs., Inc., 201 F. Supp. 3d 1110, 1133 (N.D. Cal. 2016) (citing the LWDA’s 14 guidance with approval).4 Recognizing the distinct issues presented by class actions, this Court is 15 persuaded by the LWDA’s reasoning in O’Connor and therefore adopts its proposed standard in 16 evaluating the PAGA portion of the settlement now before the court. See, e.g., Castro v. Paragon 17 Indus., Inc., No. 1:19-cv-00755-DAD-SKO, 2020 WL 1984240, at *6 (E.D. Cal. Apr. 27, 2020); 18 Patel v. Nike Retail Servs., Inc., No. 14-cv-04781-RS, 2019 WL 2029061, at *2 (N.D. Cal. May 8, 19 2019). Accordingly, the Court will approve a settlement of PAGA claims upon a showing that the 20 settlement terms (1) meet the statutory requirements set forth by the PAGA; and (2) are 21 fundamentally fair, reasonable, and adequate in view of the PAGA’s public policy goals. 22 When a proposed settlement involves overlapping class action and PAGA claims, courts 23 may employ a “sliding scale” in determining if the proposed settlement is “fundamentally fair, 24 reasonable, and adequate with reference to the public policies underlying the PAGA.” O’Connor, 25 3 Under the PAGA, an “aggrieved employee” may bring an action for civil penalties for labor code violations on behalf of herself and other current or former employees. Cal. Lab. Code § 2699(a). An “aggrieved employee” is defined as 26 “any person who was employed by the alleged violator and against whom one or more of the alleged violations was committed.” Id. § 2699(c). 27 4 The LWDA has also stated that it “is not aware of any existing case law establishing a specific benchmark for PAGA settlements, either on their own terms or in relation to the recovery on other claims in the action.” O’Connor v. Uber 28 Techs., Inc., No. 3:13-cv-03826-EMC (N.D. Cal. Jul. 29, 2016) (Doc. 736 at 2–3). 1 201 F. Supp. 3d at 1134; see also Haralson, 383 F. Supp. 3d at 972 (following O’Connor); McClure 2 v. Brand Energy Serv., LLC, No. 2:18-cv-01726-KJM-AC, 2021 WL 2168149, at *10 (E.D. Cal. 3 May 27, 2021) (same); Cooks v. TNG GP, No. 2:16-cv-01160-KJM-AC, 2020 WL 5535397, at *9– 4 10 (E.D. Cal. Sept. 15, 2020) (same). As the district court in O’Connor explained: 5 For example, if the settlement for the Rule 23 class is robust, the purposes of PAGA 6 may be concurrently fulfilled. By providing fair compensation to the class members as employees and substantial monetary relief, a settlement not only vindicates the 7 rights of the class members as employees, but may have a deterrent effect upon the defendant employer and other employers, an objective of PAGA. Likewise, if the 8 settlement resolves the important question of the status of workers as employees 9 entitled to the protection of the Labor Code or contained substantial injunctive relief, this would support PAGA’s interest in “augmenting the state’s enforcement 10 capabilities, encouraging compliance with Labor Code provisions, and deterring noncompliance.” 11 12 Id. at 1134–1135 (quoting the LWDA’s guidance). At the same time, where “the compensation to 13 the class amounts is relatively modest when compared to the verdict value, the non-monetary relief 14 is of limited benefit to the class, and the settlement does nothing to clarify [aggrieved workers’ 15 rights and obligations], the settlement of the non-PAGA claims does not substantially vindicate 16 PAGA.” Id. at 1135. Finally, “where plaintiffs bring a PAGA representative claim, they take on a 17 special responsibility to their fellow aggrieved workers who are effectively bound by any 18 judgment.” Id. at 1134. Plaintiff’s special responsibility to other aggrieved workers is especially 19 significant because the “PAGA does not require class action procedures, such as notice and opt-out 20 rights.” Id. Thus, 21 [t]he Court must be cognizant of the risk that despite this responsibility, there may be a temptation to include a PAGA claim in a lawsuit to be used merely as a 22 bargaining chip, wherein the rights of individuals who may not even be members 23 of the class and the public may be waived for little additional consideration in order to induce the employer to agree to a settlement with the class. 24 25 Id. 26 Plaintiff’s counsel estimates a total of $65,000 in PAGA penalties in this action, which was 27 discounted based on the likelihood that this Court could exercise its discretion to reduce the amount 28 of PAGA penalties ultimately awarded. (Doc. 31-2 at 6–8; see also Doc. 31-1 at 11.) The resulting 1 $35,000 civil penalty proposed by the settlement thus represents approximately 9% of the $368,500 2 GSA. The amount proposed to settle the PAGA claims is consistent with, and in fact exceeds, other 3 PAGA settlements approved by this court. See, e.g., Syed v. M-I, LLC, No. 1:12-cv-01718-DAD- 4 MJS, 2017 WL 714367, at *13 (E.D. Cal. Feb. 22, 2017) (approving PAGA penalties representing 5 1.4% of the gross settlement fund); Garcia v. Gordon Trucking, Inc., No. 1:10-cv-0324-AWI-SKO, 6 2012 WL 5364575, at *7 (E.D. Cal. Oct. 31, 2012) (approving PAGA penalties representing 0.27% 7 of the gross settlement fund); Castro, 2020 WL 1984240, at *15 (approving PAGA penalties 8 representing 2% of the gross settlement fund). 9 Moreover, in a declaration attached to Plaintiff’s motion for final approval, class counsel 10 declared that the proposed settlement was submitted to the LWDA in accordance with PAGA, see 11 Cal. Lab. Code § 2699(l)(2) (requiring that the proposed settlement be submitted to LWDA at the 12 same time that it is submitted to the court). (Doc. 31-2 at 9.) The LWDA has not commented or 13 indicated any objection to the settlement. (Id.) Having reviewed the parties’ submission and the 14 terms of the proposed settlement, the Court finds that the settlement amount related to Plaintiff’s 15 PAGA claims is fair, reasonable, and adequate considering PAGA’s public policy goals. Thus, the 16 Court finds that the amount offered in settlement of the PAGA claims here weighs in favor of final 17 approval of the settlement. 18 4. Extent of Discovery Completed and Stage of the Proceedings 19 “In the context of class action settlements, ‘formal discovery is not a necessary ticket to the 20 bargaining table’ where the parties have sufficient information to make an informed decision about 21 settlement.” Linney v. Cellular Alaska P’ship, 151 F.3d 1234, 1239 (9th Cir. 1998) (quoting In re 22 Chicken Antitrust Litig., 669 F.2d 228, 241 (5th Cir. 1982)). Approval of a class action settlement 23 “is proper as long as discovery allowed the parties to form a clear view of the strengths and 24 weaknesses of their cases.” Monterrubio v. Best Buy Stores, L.P., 291 F.R.D. 443, 454 (E.D. Cal. 25 2013). A settlement is presumed fair if it “follow[s] sufficient discovery and genuine arms-length 26 negotiation.” Adoma v. Univ. of Phx., Inc., 913 F. Supp. 2d 964, 977 (E.D. Cal. 2012) (quoting 27 Nat’l Rural Telecomms. Coop. v. DIRECTV, Inc., 221 F.R.D. 523, 528 (C.D. Cal. 2004)). The 28 court must consider whether the process by which the parties arrived at their settlement is truly the 1 product of arm’s length bargaining and not collusion or fraud. Millan v. Cascade Water Servs., 2 Inc., 310 F.R.D. 593, 613 (E.D. Cal. 2015). These concerns are also reflected in Rule 23(e)(2)’s 3 focus on procedural fairness—whether “the class representatives and class counsel have adequately 4 represented the class” and whether “the proposal was negotiated at arm’s length.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 5 23(e)(2)(A)-(B). 6 As detailed in the Court’s order granting preliminary approval, the Court is satisfied that 7 the settlement was the result of “genuine, informed, and arm’s-length bargaining.” (Doc. 29 at 18.) 8 The parties engaged in a private mediation with Lisa Klerman, Esq., an experienced professional 9 mediator, on October 6, 2021. (Doc. 31-2 at 5; Doc. 18-1 at 10.) The mediation took place after 10 approximately seven months of litigation, and before the mediation, Anders provided Plaintiff’s 11 counsel with “documents and information pertaining to, among other things, the following: (1) all 12 of Anders’ policies, procedures, and practices regarding paying employees, calculating overtime, 13 providing per diem payments, and adjusting or prorating per diems and stipends when employees 14 fail to work minimum required weekly hours; (2) all handbooks applicable to the putative class; (3) 15 all versions of the assignment agreements utilized by Anders during the class period; (4) the average 16 hourly wage paid to putative class members throughout the class period; and (5) the average weekly 17 meals and incidental and lodging per diems payments paid to putative class members throughout 18 the class period.” (Doc. 31-1 at 10–11; Doc. 18-3 at ¶ 13.) In addition, before 19 participating in mediation, Plaintiff’s counsel obtained from Anders “all weekly payroll data for a 20 random sampling of one-third of the putative class members, as well as payroll data for the entire 21 class reflecting the total number of overtime hours worked by each class member.” (Doc. 31-1 at 22 10–11; Doc. 18-3 ¶ 14.) According to the parties’ Settlement Agreement, its terms and conditions 23 “are the result of lengthy, intensive arms-length negotiations between the [p]arties.” (Doc. 18-4 at 24 28.) 25 Accordingly, the Court concludes that consideration of this factor weighs in favor of 26 granting final approval. 27 28 1 5. Experience and Views of Counsel 2 Class counsel Matthew B. Hayes submitted a declaration describing his experience in class 3 and representative action litigation. (See Doc. 31-2 at 2.) Mr. Hayes graduated from UCLA and 4 started his own law firm in 2011. (Id.) Mr. Hayes represents that he and his law partner Kye D. 5 Pawlenko have had extensive experience in labor and employment litigation, and have represented 6 litigants in actions in both state and federal court, including employment litigation and wage and 7 hour class actions. (Id. at 2.) Class counsel has been previously approved as experienced class 8 counsel by state and federal courts throughout California. (Id. at 2–3.) 9 The Court finds that class counsel’s experience and views weigh in favor of granting final 10 approval. 11 6. Presence of a Governmental Participant 12 The Settlement Agreement contemplates payment of $26,250 in civil PAGA penalties to 13 the LWDA under PAGA. (Doc. 31-1 at 6; Doc. 18-4 at 18.) Because LWDA is a governmental 14 participant in the settlement, this too weighs in favor of approval of the settlement. See Adoma, 15 913 F. Supp. 2d at 977 (factoring civil PAGA penalties in favor of settlement approval); Zamora 16 v. Ryder Integrated Logistics, Inc., No. 3:13-cv-02679-CAB-BGS, 2014 WL 9872803, at *10 (S.D. 17 Cal. Dec. 23, 2014) (same). 18 7. Reaction of the Class Members 19 “It is established that the absence of a large number of objections to a proposed class action 20 settlement raises a strong presumption that the terms of a proposed class settlement action are 21 favorable to the class members.” Nat’l Rural Telecomms. Coop., 221 F.R.D. at 529 (citing cases). 22 The presumption that a settlement is fair, reasonable, and adequate is particularly strong when there 23 is an absence of a single objection to a proposed class action settlement. See id.; Barcia v. Contain- 24 A-Way, Inc., No. 3:07-cv-00938-IEG-JMA, 2009 WL 587844, at *4 (S.D. Cal. Mar. 6, 2009). 25 Nevertheless, “[a] court may appropriately infer that a class action settlement is fair, adequate, and 26 reasonable when few class members object to it.” Cruz v. Sky Chefs, Inc., No. 4:12-cv-02705- 27 DMR, 2014 WL 7247065, at *5 (N.D. Cal. Dec. 19, 2014) (citing Churchill Vill., 361 F.3d at 577). 28 1 According to Plaintiff, no Class Member has filed an objection to the settlement pending 2 final approval. (Doc. 31-1 at 16; see also Doc. 31-3 at 2–3.) As a result, currently 100% of the 3 Class Members will be participating in the settlement. (Id.) Accordingly, consideration of this 4 factor weighs in favor of granting final approval. 5 8. Subtle Signs of Collusion 6 The Court now turns to the Bluetooth factors to examine whether any “more subtle signs” 7 of collusion recognized by the Ninth Circuit are present here. See Bluetooth, 654 F.3d at 947. 8 a. Whether there is disproportionate distribution to counsel 9 First, the Court does not find that class counsel is seeking a disproportionate distribution of 10 the settlement. With an average estimated Class Member recovery of $1,340.41 and a requested 11 award of attorney’s fees of $92,125, it does not appear that counsel seeks to receive a 12 disproportionate distribution of the settlement. See, e.g., Morales, 2011 WL 5511767, at *12 (“The 13 typical range of acceptable attorneys’ fees in the Ninth Circuit is 20% to 33 1/3% of the total 14 settlement value, with 25% considered the benchmark.”) (quoting Powers v. Eichen, 229 F.3d 1249, 15 1256 (9th Cir. 2000)); Castro, 2021 WL 20242333, at *5, *12 (E.D. Cal. May 21, 2021) (granting 16 final approval of a class action settlement with an average individual class member recovery of 17 $1,070.62 and an award of $1,031,250.00 in attorney’s fees). Here, class counsel’s request of 18 $92,125 is approximately 25% of the total settlement value, placing it well within the range that 19 the Ninth Circuit has found acceptable. 20 b. Existence of a “clear sailing” agreement 21 Next, the Court considers the existence of a “clear sailing” agreement. In general, a “clear 22 sailing” provision is one in which the parties agree to the “payment of attorneys’ fees separate and 23 apart from class funds.” Bluetooth., 654 F.3d at 947. However, the Ninth Circuit has recognized 24 that a “clear sailing” arrangement exists when a defendant expressly agrees not to oppose an award 25 of attorney’s fees up to an agreed upon amount. Lane, 696 F.3d at 832; Bluetooth, 654 F.3d at 947. 26 The Settlement Agreement provides that Anders “will not oppose Class Counsel’s 27 application for an award of Attorneys’ Fees in an amount equal to one-fourth (25%) of the Gross 28 Settlement Amount comprising Ninety-Two Thousand One Hundred Twenty-Five Dollars and No 1 Cents ($92,125.00), plus Costs not to exceed Fifteen Thousand Dollars and No Cents 2 ($15,000.00).” (Doc. 18-4 at 17–18.) Thus, the settlement includes a version of a “clear sailing 3 agreement.” Nevertheless, the existence of a clear sailing provision is not necessarily fatal to final 4 approval. See Bluetooth, 654 F.3d at 948; see also In re Toys R Us-Delaware, Inc.–Fair and 5 Accurate Credit Transactions Act (FACTA) Litig., 295 F.R.D. 438, 458 (C.D. Cal. 2014) (“a clear 6 sailing agreement is one where the party paying the fee agrees not to contest the amount to be 7 awarded by the fee-setting court so long as the award falls beneath a negotiated ceiling”). Rather, 8 “when confronted with a clear sailing provision, the district court has a heightened duty to peer into 9 the provision and scrutinize closely the relationship between attorneys’ fees and benefit to the 10 class.” Bluetooth, 654 F.3d at 948 (citing Staton, 327 F.3d at 954). 11 As set forth more fully below, the Court determines the fees to be reasonable based on 12 evidence submitted by class counsel. See, e.g., Singh v. Roadrunner Intermodal Servs. LLC, No. 13 1:15-cv-01497-DAD-BAM, 2019 WL 316814, at *7–8 (E.D. Cal. Jan 24, 2019) (not finding 14 collusion between the parties, despite a clear sailing agreement, where the fee award was analyzed 15 and determined to be reasonable). Moreover, the collusion concerns raised by the clear sailing 16 provision are minimized, however, because any fees not awarded will be distributed to the class, 17 not revert to Anders. See, e.g., Garcia v. Sclumberger Lift Solutions, No. 1:18-cv-01261-DAD- 18 JLT, 2020 WL 6886383, *13-14 (E.D. Cal. Nov. 24, 2020). 19 c. Whether there is a reversion to the defendant 20 Finally, the parties did not arrange for any unawarded fees to revert to Anders. Instead, the 21 parties acknowledge in the Settlement Agreement that the GSA is “non-reversionary,” and fees 22 shall be paid from the GSA. (Doc. 18-4 at 15, 17.) Because any unawarded fees return to the 23 Settlement Amount for distribution to the class, this factor does not support a finding of collusion 24 between the parties. 25 In light of all of the foregoing, the Court is satisfied that the more subtle signs of collusion 26 noted in Bluetooth are not present here and finds that the settlement is fair, reasonable, and 27 adequate. See Fed. R. Civ. P. 23(e). Therefore, the Court will grant Plaintiff’s motion for final 28 approval of the parties’ class action settlement. 1 IV. ATTORNEY’S FEES, COSTS, SERVICE AWARD, AND ADMINISTRATION EXPENSES 2 3 As noted above, Plaintiff has also submitted a motion seeking attorney’s fees, class 4 counsel’s litigation expenses, settlement administration expenses to CPT, and a service award for 5 Plaintiff. 6 A. Attorney’s Fees 7 This Court has an “independent obligation to ensure that the award [of attorney’s fees], like 8 the settlement itself, is reasonable, even if the parties have already agreed to an amount.” Bluetooth, 9 654 F.3d at 941. This is because, when fees are to be paid from a common fund, the relationship 10 between the class members and class counsel “turns adversarial.” In re Mercury Interactive Corp. 11 Secs. Litig., 618 F.3d 988, 994 (9th Cir. 2010); In re Wash. Pub. Power Supply Sys. Secs. Litig., 19 12 F.3d 1291, 1302 (9th Cir. 1994). As such, the district court assumes a fiduciary role for the class 13 members in evaluating a request for an award of attorney’s fees from the common fund. In re 14 Mercury, 618 F.3d at 994; see also Rodriguez v. Disner, 688 F.3d 645, 655 (9th Cir. 2012); West 15 Publ’g Corp., 563 F.3d at 968. 16 The Ninth Circuit has approved two methods for determining attorney’s fees in such cases 17 where the attorney’s fee award is taken from the common fund set aside for the entire settlement: 18 the “percentage of the fund” method and the “lodestar” method. Vizcaino v. Microsoft Corp., 290 19 F.3d 1043, 1047 (9th Cir. 2002) (citation omitted). The district court retains discretion in common 20 fund cases to choose either method. Id.; Vu v. Fashion Inst. of Design & Merch., No. 2:14-cv- 21 08822-SJO-EX, 2016 WL 6211308, at *5 (C.D. Cal. Mar. 22, 2016). Under either approach, 22 “[r]easonableness is the goal, and mechanical or formulaic application of method, where it yields 23 an unreasonable result, can be an abuse of discretion.” Fischel v. Equitable Life Assurance Soc’y 24 of U.S., 307 F.3d 997, 1007 (9th Cir. 2002). As noted above, the Ninth Circuit has generally set a 25 25% benchmark for the award of attorney’s fees in common fund cases. Id. at 1047-48; see also 26 Bluetooth, 654 F.3d at 942 (“[C]ourts typically calculate 25% of the fund as the ‘benchmark’ for a 27 reasonable fee award, providing adequate explanation in the record of any ‘special circumstances’ 28 justifying a departure.”). 1 Reasons to vary from the benchmark award may be found when counsel achieves 2 exceptional results for the class, undertakes “extremely risky” litigation, generates benefits for the 3 class beyond simply the cash settlement fund, or handles the case on a contingency basis. Vizcaino, 4 290 F.3d at 1048-50; see also In re Online DVD-Rental, 779 F.3d at 954–55. Ultimately, however, 5 “[s]election of the benchmark or any other rate must be supported by findings that take into account 6 all of the circumstances of the case.” Vizcaino, 290 F.3d at 1048. The Ninth Circuit has approved 7 the use of the lodestar cross-check as a way of determining the reasonableness of a particular 8 percentage recovery of a common fund. Id. at 1050 (“Where such investment is minimal, as in the 9 case of an early settlement, the lodestar calculation may convince a court that a lower percentage 10 is reasonable. Similarly, the lodestar calculation can be helpful in suggesting a higher percentage 11 when litigation has been protracted.”); see also In re Online DVD-Rental, 779 F.3d at 955. 12 Here, the Settlement Agreement provides that class counsel will seek an award of 25% of 13 the GSA, equivalent to $92,125. (Doc. 30-1 at 3.) The Court approved Plaintiff’s request for 14 attorney’s fees on a preliminary basis, finding that the requested fee was reasonable and consistent 15 with the benchmark rate in the Ninth Circuit (Doc. 29 at 23). See Bluetooth, 654 F.3d at 947. The 16 Court finds that a fee award of 25% of the GSA is reasonable for several reasons. First, the results 17 obtained by class counsel in this case, which compensate the Settlement Class Members at an 18 average rate of $1,340.41 per class member, with the highest individual payout exceeding $12,000, 19 weigh in favor of approval. (See Doc. 31-3 at 3.) This is particularly true given the considerable 20 risk at the outset of this case that class counsel would receive nothing, as described above. See 21 Jabbari v. Wells Fargo & Co., No. 15-CV-02159-VC, 2018 WL 11024841, at *6 (N.D. Cal. June 22 14, 2018). 23 In addition, working on a contingent fee basis and undertaking the financial burdens of 24 prosecuting the action support that the reasonableness of the requested attorney’s fees. See id. 25 (considering, in approving fee award, the “considerable financial burdens that Class Counsel 26 shouldered on a contingent basis.”). The Ninth Circuit has recognized that counsel retained on a 27 contingency fee basis is entitled to a premium above their hourly rate to compensate for both the 28 risks and the delay in payment. See Stanger v. China Elec. Motor, Inc., 812 F.3d 734 (9th Cir. 1 2016); Stetson v. Grissom, 821 F.3d 1157, 1166 (9th Cir. 2016). 2 The fee award requested in this case is also reasonable when compared to the prevailing 3 higher fees that have been awarded in other similar cases, including previous awards obtained from 4 this class counsel. (See Doc. 30-1 at 3–4.) The Court also notes the absence of any objection to 5 the settlement or requests for exclusions despite specific notice to the class regarding the amount 6 of attorney’s fees counsel sought. (Doc. 31-3 at 2–3, Doc. 30-2 at 20.) As such, the Court finds 7 the amount reasonable under the percentage of the fund method. 8 The Court next turns to the lodestar method to cross-check the reasonableness of the 9 requested attorney’s fee award. Where a lodestar is merely being used as a cross-check, the court 10 “may use a ‘rough calculation of the lodestar.’” Bond v. Ferguson Enters., Inc., No. 1:09-cv-1662- 11 OWW-MJS, 2011 WL 2648879, at *12 (E.D. Cal. June 30, 2011) (quoting Fernandez v. Victoria 12 Secret Stores, LLC, No. 2:06-cv-04149-MMM-SHX, 2008 WL 8150856 (C.D. Cal. July 21, 2008)). 13 According to class counsel, the total lodestar amount is $103,000, which reflects 162.6 hours 14 expended by class counsel. (Doc. 30-1 at 4–5.) It is worth noting that class counsel’s lodestar is 15 $10,875 less than the requested 25% of the GSA. In support of this lodestar calculation, class 16 counsel submitted an accounting of the hours they billed, tasks completed, and applicable billing 17 rates. (See Doc. 30-2 at 24–30.) Class counsel’s hourly rates for Messrs. Hayes and Pawlenko are 18 $650 and $600, respectively. (Id.) The Court finds that these rates are fair and reasonable in this 19 case. See Mathien v. Pier 1 Imports (U.S.), Inc., No: 1:16-cv-00087-DAD-SAB, 2018 WL 20 1993727, at *11 (E.D. Cal. Apr. 27, 2018) (accepting hourly rates of $675 and $750 for senior 21 counsel and partners); Emmons v. Quest Diagnostics Clinical Labs., Inc., 1:13-cv-00474-DAD- 22 BAM, at *8 (E.D. Cal. Feb. 27, 2017) (accepting hourly rates between $500 and $720 for partners). 23 For the reasons set forth above, the Court concludes that the lodestar cross-check supports 24 the requested award of $92,125 in attorney’s fees, an amount equal to one-fourth of the GSA in this 25 case. 26 B. Costs and Expenses of Class Counsel 27 Class counsel also seeks to recover the costs and expenses advanced while prosecuting this 28 litigation. Such awards “should be limited to typical out-of-pocket expenses that are charged to a 1 fee-paying client and should be reasonable and necessary.” In re Immune Response Secs. Litig¸ 2 497 F. Supp. 2d 1166, 1177 (S.D. Cal. 2007). These can include reimbursements for: “(1) meals, 3 hotels, and transportation; (2) photocopies; (3) postage, telephone, and fax; (4) filing fees; (5) 4 messenger and overnight delivery; (6) online legal research; (7) class action notices; (8) experts, 5 consultants, and investigators; and (9) mediation fees.” Id. 6 Here, class counsel requests reimbursement in the amount $8,277. (Doc. 30-2 at 7, 32.) 7 The Court has reviewed class counsel’s declaration and finds all the charges incurred to be 8 reasonable. Accordingly, the Court will approve the reimbursement of costs and expenses in the 9 amount requested. 10 C. Service Award 11 Courts frequently approve “service” or “incentive” awards in class action cases. West 12 Publ’g Corp., 563 F.3d at 958-59. Service awards recognize the effort of class representatives “for 13 work done on behalf of the class, to make up for financial or reputational risk undertaken in bringing 14 the action, and, sometimes, to recognize their willingness to act as a private attorney general.” Id. 15 at 958. The district court evaluates each award individually, using “relevant factors includ[ing] the 16 actions the plaintiff has taken to protect the interests of the class, the degree to which the class has 17 benefitted from those actions, . . . the amount of time and effort the plaintiff expended in pursuing 18 the litigation . . . and reasonabl[e] fear[s of] workplace retaliation.” Staton, 327 F.3d at 977 (quoting 19 Cook v. Niedert, 142 F.3d 1004, 1016 (7th Cir. 1998)). 20 Courts typically find an award of $5,000 to be presumptively reasonable. See, e.g., In re 21 Mego Fin. Corp. Sec. Litig., 213 F.3d 454, 457, 463 (9th Cir. 2000) (endorsing $5,000 service 22 awards to named representatives); Bellinghausen v. Tractor Supply Co., 306 F.R.D. 245, 246 (N.D. 23 Cal. 2015) (collecting cases); In re Toys R. Us-Del., Inc. FACTA Litig., 295 F.R.D. 438, 470-72 24 (C.D. Cal. 2014) (awarding plaintiffs $5,000 each “consistent with the amount courts typically 25 award as incentive payments”). Higher amounts can be appropriate, such as in employment actions, 26 where a plaintiff risks retaliation or blacklisting as a result of suing her employer. See, e.g., 27 Buccellato v. AT&T Operations, Inc., No. 5:10-cv-00463-LHK, 2011 WL 4526673, at *4 (N.D. 28 Cal. June 30, 2011). 1 Plaintiff seeks a service award of $5,000 for her services in this action. (Doc. 30-1 at 7.) 2 Plaintiff contends this amount is fair and reasonable compensation because she actively participated 3 in the case’s prosecution and estimates spending 30 hours on this litigation. (Doc. 30-2 at 11.) 4 Plaintiff gathered documents to support the case, assisted with preparing initial disclosures, spoke 5 with class counsel on a monthly and sometimes weekly basis, reviewed documents produced by 6 Anders, took off work to participate in a full day mediation, and provided her input in settlement 7 discussions. (See id. at 10–11.) Plaintiff also assumed the risk, among other things, that she might 8 possibly be liable for costs incurred in connection with this case, which exceed the requested award. 9 (Id. at 9.) Plaintiff indicates that she is currently unemployed, and that serving as class 10 representative has made it more difficult for her to find employment in the healthcare industry. (Id. 11 at 10.) 12 Although the service award sought is roughly four times the average amount each Class 13 Member could expect to receive from the proposed settlement (see id. at 2), it is, as set forth above, 14 equal to the amount typically awarded by courts in the Ninth Circuit, and is less than the amount 15 awarded in similar circumstances. See, e.g., Castro, 2021 WL 2042333, at *13 (granting $10,000 16 award for 70 hours of work over three years, reflecting 0.025% of the gross settlement amount); 17 Acosta v. Evergreen Moneysource Mortg. Co., No. 2:17-cv-00466-KJM-DB, 2019 WL 6051117, 18 at *18 (E.D. Cal. Nov. 15, 2019) (granting $10,000 award for 40 hours of work, reflecting 2.85% 19 of the gross settlement amount); Aguilar v. Wawona Frozen Foods, No. 1:15-cv-00093-DAD-EPG, 20 2017 WL 2214936, at *8 (E.D. Cal. May 19, 2017) (approving a service award of $7,500 to each 21 class representative where average class recovery was approximately $500). Considering 22 Plaintiff’s supporting declaration detailing her assistance with this case, the Court finds that the 23 requested service payment of $5,000 is fair and reasonable. Accordingly, the Court will award the 24 service payment as requested. 25 D. Settlement Administration Expenses 26 The Court previously approved the appointment of CPT Group, Inc as the settlement 27 administrator for this action. (Doc. 29 at 28.) According to the declaration of Tarus Dancy, the 28 settlement administrator, the total cost for administration of this settlement, including fees incurred 1 and future costs for completion, is $8,250. (Doc. 30-2 at 17.) This amount is consistent with, and 2 lower than, other settlements submitted to this Court. See, e.g., Castro, 2020 WL 1984240, at *19 3 (administration costs of $15,000 for a $3.75 million settlement); Gonzalez v. CoreCivic of 4 Tennessee, LLC, No. 1:16-cv-01891-DAD-JLT, 2020 WL 1475991, at *14 (E.D. Cal. Mar. 26, 5 2020) (administration costs of $15,000 for a $3.2 million settlement); Dakota Med., Inc. v. 6 RehabCare Grp., Inc., No. 1:14-cv-02081-DAD-BAM, 2017 WL 1398816, at *5 (E.D. Cal. Apr. 7 19, 2017) (administration costs of $94,000 for a $25 million settlement); Aguilar v. Wawona Frozen 8 Foods, No. 1:15-cv-00093-DAD-EPG, 2017 WL 117789, at *7 (E.D. Cal. Jan. 11, 2017) 9 (administration costs of $45,000 for a $4.5 million settlement). The Court finds these 10 administration costs reasonable and will direct payment in the requested amount. 11 V. CONCLUSION AND ORDER 12 Accordingly: 13 1. The hearing set for May 3, 2023, is VACATED; 14 2. The proposed class identified in the Settlement Agreement (Doc. 18-4) is certified 15 for settlement purposes; 16 3. Plaintiff’s motion for final approval of a class action settlement (Doc. 31) is 17 GRANTED, and the Court approves the settlement as fair, reasonable, and adequate; 18 4. Named plaintiff Lisa Swain is confirmed as class representative; Plaintiff’s counsel 19 Matthew B. Hayes and Kye D. Pawlenko of Hayes Pawlenko LLP are confirmed as 20 class counsel; and CPT Group, Inc. is confirmed as the settlement administrator; 21 5. Plaintiff’s Fair Labor Standards Act (“FLSA”) claim is dismissed without prejudice 22 (see Doc. 18-4 at 20); 23 6. Plaintiff’s motion for attorney’s fees, costs, service award, and administrative 24 expenses (Doc. 30) is GRANTED; 25 7. The Court awards the following sums: 26 a. Class counsel shall receive $92,125 in attorney’s fees and $8,277 in 27 expenses. Class counsel shall not seek or obtain any other compensation or 28 reimbursement from Anders, Plaintiff, or Class Members; 1 b. Plaintiff shall receive $5,000 as a service award; 2 c. CPT Group, Inc. shall receive $8,250 in settlement administration costs; and 3 d. The parties shall direct payment of 75 percent of the settlement allocated to 4 the PAGA payment, or $26,250, to the California Labor and Workforce 5 Development Agency as required by California law, and the remainder of 6 the PAGA payment, or $8,750, shall be distributed per the Settlement 7 Agreement; 8 8. The parties are directed to effectuate all terms of the Settlement Agreement (Doc. 9 18-4) and any deadlines or procedures for distribution set forth therein; 10 9. Except for Plaintiff’s FLSA claim (see above), this action is dismissed with 11 prejudice, with the Court specifically retaining jurisdiction over this action for the 12 purpose of enforcing the parties’ settlement agreement; and 13 10. The Clerk of the Court is directed to close this case. 14 IT IS SO ORDERED. 15 Dated: April 17, 2023 /s/ Sheila K. Oberto . 16 UNITED STATES MAGISTRATE JUDGE 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28