(PC) Cunningham v. Humphey ( 2023 )

1 2 3 4 5 6 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 7 8 EASTERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 9 L. C. CUNNINGHAM, Case No. 1:23-cv-00564-ADA-SAB (PC) 10 Plaintiff, FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATION 11 RECOMMENDING PLAINTIFF’S MOTION v. FOR TEMPORARY RESTRAINING 12 ORDER BE DENIED P. HUMPHEY, et al., 13 (ECF No. 10) Defendants. 14 15 16 17 Plaintiff L.C. Cunningham is proceeding pro se and in forma pauperis in this civil rights 18 action filed pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 1983. 19 Currently before the Court is Plaintiff’s motion for a temporary restraining order and/or 20 preliminary injunction, filed May 8, 2023. 21 I. 22 LEGAL STANDARD 23 Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 65 governs injunctions and restraining orders, and 24 requires that a motion for temporary restraining order include “specific facts in an affidavit or a 25 verified complaint [that] clearly show that immediate, and irreparable injury, loss, or damage 26 will result to the movant before the adverse party can be heard in opposition,” as well as written 27 certification from the movant's attorney stating “any efforts made to give notice and the reasons why it should not be required.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 65(b). 1 Temporary restraining orders are governed by the same standard applicable to preliminary 2 injunctions, with the exception that preliminary injunctions require notice to the adverse 3 party. See Cal. Indep. Sys. Operator Corp. v. Reliant Energy Servs., Inc., 181 F.Supp.2d 1111, 4 1126 (E.D. Ca. 2001); see also Fed. R. Civ. P. 65(a). Local Rule 231, however, requires notice 5 for temporary restraining orders as well, “[e]xcept in the most extraordinary of circumstances,” 6 and the court considers whether the applicant could have sought relief by motion for preliminary 7 injunction at an earlier date. Local Rule 231(a)-(b). A temporary restraining order “should be 8 restricted to serving [its] underlying purpose of preserving the status quo and preventing 9 irreparable harm just so long as is necessary to hold a hearing, and no longer.” Granny Goose 10 Foods, Inc. v. Bhd. of Teamsters & Auto Truck Drivers Local No. 70, 415 U.S. 423, 439 (1974). 11 A temporary restraining order, is “an extraordinary remedy” and may be issued only if 12 plaintiff establishes: (1) likelihood of success on the merits; (2) likelihood of irreparable harm in 13 the absence of preliminary relief; (3) that the balance of equities tips in his/her favor; (4) that an 14 injunction is in the public interest. Winter v. Nat. Res. Def. Council, Inc., 555 U.S. 7, 20 (2008). 15 Plaintiff bears the burden of clearly satisfying all four prongs. Alliance for the Wild Rockies v. 16 Cottrell, 632 F.3d 1127, 1135 (9th Cir. 2011). A TRO will not issue if plaintiff merely shows 17 irreparable harm is possible – a showing of likelihood is required. Id. at 1131. 18 The injunctive relief an applicant requests must relate to the claims brought in the 19 complaint. See Pac. Radiation Oncology, LLC v. Queen's Med. Ctr., 810 F.3d 631, 633 (9th Cir. 20 2015) (“When a plaintiff seeks injunctive relief based on claims not pled in the complaint, the 21 court does not have the authority to issue an injunction.”). Absent a nexus between the injury 22 claimed in the motion and the underlying complaint, the court lacks the authority to grant plaintiff 23 any relief. Id. at 636. 24 The Prison Litigation Reform Act (“PLRA”) imposes additional requirements on prisoner 25 litigants seeking preliminary injunctive relief against prison officials. In such cases, 26 “[p]reliminary injunctive relief must be narrowly drawn, extend no further than necessary to 27 correct the harm the court finds requires preliminary relief, and be the least intrusive means 1 necessary to correct that harm.” 18 U.S.C. § 3626(a)(2); Villery v. California Dep’t of Corr., No. 2 1:150CV-00987-DAD-BAM, 2016 WL 70326, at *3 (E.D. Cal. Jan. 6, 2016). As the Ninth Circuit 3 has observed, the PLRA places significant limits upon a court's power to grant preliminary 4 injunctive relief to inmates, and “operates simultaneously to restrict the equity jurisdiction of 5 federal courts and to protect the bargaining power of prison administrators—no longer may courts 6 grant or approve relief that binds prison administrators to do more than the constitutional 7 minimum.” Gilmore v. People of the State of California, 220 F.3d 987, 998-99 (9th Cir. 2000). 8 The court's jurisdiction is “limited to the parties in this action” and the pendency of an action 9 “does not give the Court jurisdiction over prison officials in general or over the conditions of an 10 inmate's confinement unrelated to the claims before it.” Beaton v. Miller, No. 1:20-cv-0005 11 NONE JLT (PC), 2020 WL 5847014, at *1 (E.D. Cal. Oct. 1, 2020). If a prisoner has been 12 transferred, any sought injunctive relief against the previous facility becomes moot if the 13 prisoner “has demonstrated no reasonable expectation of returning to [the prison].” Johnson v. 14 Moore, 948 F.2d 517, 519 (9th Cir. 1991); Florence v. Kernan, 813 F. App'x 325, 326 (9th Cir. 15 2020). Finally, state governments have “traditionally been granted the widest latitude in the 16 dispatch of [their] own internal affairs.” Rizzo v. Goode, 423, U.S. 362, 378 (1976) (citations 17 omitted). This deference applies even more strongly when the court is asked to involve itself in 18 the administrative decisions of a prison. See Turner v. Safely, 482 U.S. 78, 85 (1987); Sandin v. 19 Conner, 515 U.S. 472, 482-83 (1995). 20 II. 21 DISCUSSION 22 Plaintiff seeks a temporary restraining order and/or preliminary injunction due to alleged 23 threats by other inmates because officers have labeled him as a snitch. 24 After reviewing Plaintiff’s motion, the Court does not find that plaintiff has satisfied his 25 burden to show that immediate and irreparable injury, loss, or damage will result to him before 26 any Defendant can be heard, thus precluding a temporary restraining order under Fed. R. Civ. P. 27 1 65 and Local Rule 231(a). Plaintiff also has not met his burden to justify issuing a preliminary 2 injunction. 3 At this juncture of the case, the Court cannot determine that Plaintiff is likely to succeed 4 on the merits of the Case. Second, the United States Marshal has yet to effect service on any 5 Defendant, and Defendants have no actual notice. Therefore, the Court has no personal 6 jurisdiction over any Defendant at this time. Fed. R. Civ. P. 65(d)(2); Murphy Bros., Inc. v. 7 Michetti Pipe Stringing, Inc., 526 U.S. 344, 350 (1999); Zepeda v. U.S. I.N.S., 753 F.2d 719, 727- 8 28 (9th Cir. 1983). Third, even if the Court had personal jurisdiction over the individuals named 9 in the complaint, Plaintiff has failed to demonstrate imminent irreparable harm necessary to 10 support a preliminary injunction. See Winter, 555 U.S. at 20; Alliance for the Wild Rockies, 632 11 F.3d at 1131. “The fact that plaintiff has met the pleading requirements allowing him to proceed 12 with the complaint does not, ipso facto, entitle him to a preliminary injunction.” Claiborne v. 13 Blauser, No. CIV S-10-2427 LKK, 2011 WL 3875892, at *8 (E.D. Cal. Aug. 31, 2011), report 14 and recommended adopted, No. CIV S-10-2427 LKK, 2011 WL 4765000 (E.D. Cal. Sept. 29, 15 2011). Instead, to meet the “irreparable harm” requirement, Plaintiff must do more than simply 16 allege imminent harm; he must demonstrate it. Caribbean Marine Servs. Co., Inc. v. Baldridge, 17 844 F.2d 668, 674 (9th Cir. 1988). Mere “[s]peculative injury does not constitute irreparable 18 injury sufficient to warrant granting a preliminary injunction.” Id. at 674-75. Accordingly, 19 Plaintiff’s motion for a temporary restraining order and/or preliminary injunction should be 20 denied. 21 III. 22 RECOMMENDATION 23 Based on the foregoing, it is HEREBY RECOMMENDED that Plaintiff’s motion for a 24 temporary restraining order and/or preliminary injunction (ECF No. 10) be denied. 25 /// 26 /// 27 /// 1 This Findings and Recommendation will be submitted to the United States District Judge 2 | assigned to the case, pursuant to the provisions of 28 U.S.C. § 636(b)d). Within fourteen (14) 3 |days after being served with this Findings and Recommendation, Plaintiff may file written 4 | objections with the Court. The document should be captioned “Objections to Magistrate Judge’s 5 Findings and Recommendation.” Plaintiff is advised that failure to file objections within the 6 | specified time may result in the waiver of rights on appeal. Wilkerson v. Wheeler, 772 F.3d 834, 7 [838-39 (9th Cir. 2014) (citing Baxter v. Sullivan, 923 F.2d 1391, 1394 (9th Cir. 1991)). 8 9 IS SO ORDERED. OF. a Se 10 Dated: _ May 11, 2023 UNITED STATES MAGISTRATE JUDGE 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28