Frazer v. Lowe's Homes Centers, LLC ( 2023 )

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 9 EASTERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 10 11 MARLEA FRAZER, Case No. 1:22-cv-00410-JLT-SAB 12 Plaintiff, ORDER ENTERING STIPULATED PROTECTIVE ORDER RE CONFIDENTIAL 13 v. DOCUMENTS 14 LOWE’S HOMES CENTERS, LLC, (ECF No. 18) 15 Defendant. 16 17 18 19 20 STIPULATED PROTECTIVE ORDER 21 1. A. PURPOSES AND LIMITATIONS 22 Disclosure and discovery activity in this action are likely to involve 23 production of confidential, proprietary, or private information for which special 24 protection from public disclosure and from use for any purpose other than 25 prosecuting this litigation may be warranted. Accordingly, the parties hereby 26 stipulate to and petition the court to enter the following Stipulated Protective Order. 27 The parties acknowledge that this Order does not confer blanket protections on all 28 disclosures or responses to discovery and that the protection it affords from public 1 disclosure and use extends only to the limited information or items that are entitled 2 to confidential treatment under the applicable legal principles. 3 B. GOOD CAUSE STATEMENT 4 Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, Rule 26(c)(1) states in pertinent part, that 5 the Court, upon a showing of good cause may “issue an order to protect a party 6 from annoyance, embarrassment, oppression, or undue burden or expense.” 7 Fed.R.Civ.P. 26(c)(1). In the instant matter, Defendant Lowe’s Home Centers, 8 LLC’s Confidential Documents contain proprietary and confidential trade secret 9 information relating to Defendant Lowe’s Home Centers, LLC’s business practices 10 and its safety protocol. Defendant Lowe’s Home Centers, LLC. (“Defendant” or 11 “Lowe’s”) derives independent economic value from maintaining the 12 confidentiality of the policies and procedures set forth in these Confidential 13 Documents. 14 Defendant is a retailer in the home improvement industry and has conducted 15 business in California since 1998. The home improvement retail industry is very 16 competitive. As a result of years of investing time and money in research and 17 investigation, Defendant developed the policies contained in the Confidential 18 Documents for the purposes of maintaining the security and accessibility of its 19 merchandise, providing quality customer service, and ensuring the safety of its 20 employees and customers. These policies and procedures, as memorialized in the 21 Confidential Documents, were created and generated by Lowe’s for Lowe’s, and 22 are used for the purposes of maintaining safety at its stores and creating efficient 23 and organized work environments for its employees. As a result, Defendant is able 24 to minimize the waste of any resources, which is a key factor in generating 25 profitability for its business. 26 Defendant derives economic value from maintaining the secrecy of its 27 Confidential Documents. If disclosed to the public, the trade secret information 28 contained in Defendant’s Confidential Documents would reveal Defendant’s 1 internal operations and could potentially be used by competitors as a means to 2 compete for its customers, interfere with its business plans and thereby gain unfair 3 business advantages. If Defendant’s safety protocol were revealed to the general 4 public, it would hinder Defendant’s ability to effectively resolve and minimize 5 liability claims, and its goal of protecting its customers and employees from theft 6 and other crimes. Unrestricted or unprotected disclosure of such information would 7 result in prejudice or harm to Defendant by revealing Lowe’s competitive 8 confidential information, which has been developed at the expense of Lowe’s and 9 which represents valuable tangible and intangible assets. Accordingly, the parties 10 respectfully submit that there is good cause for the entry of this Protective Order. 11 2. DEFINITIONS 12 2.1 Challenging Party: a Party or Non-Party that challenges the 13 designation of information or items under this Order. 14 2.2 “CONFIDENTIAL” Information or Items: information (regardless of 15 how it is generated, stored or maintained) or tangible things that qualify for 16 protection under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 26(c). 17 2.3 Counsel (without qualifier): Outside Counsel of Record and House 18 Counsel (as well as their support staff). 19 2.4 Designating Party: a Party or Non-Party that designates information 20 or items that it produces in disclosures or in responses to discovery as 21 “CONFIDENTIAL.” 22 2.5 Disclosure or Discovery Material: all items or information, regardless 23 of the medium or manner in which it is generated, stored, or maintained (including, 24 among other things, testimony, transcripts, and tangible things), that are produced 25 or generated in disclosures or responses to discovery in this matter. 26 2.6 Expert: a person with specialized knowledge or experience in a matter 27 pertinent to the litigation who has been retained by a Party or its counsel to serve as 28 an expert witness or as a consultant in this action. 1 2.7 House Counsel: attorneys who are employees of a party to this action. 2 House Counsel does not include Outside Counsel of Record or any other outside 3 counsel. 4 2.8 Non-Party: any natural person, partnership, corporation, association, 5 or other legal entity not named as a Party to this action. 6 2.9 Outside Counsel of Record: attorneys who are not employees of a 7 party to this action but are retained to represent or advise a party to this action and 8 have appeared in this action on behalf of that party or are affiliated with a law firm 9 which has appeared on behalf of that party. 10 2.10 Party: any party to this action, including all of its officers, directors, 11 employees, consultants, retained experts, and Outside Counsel of Record (and their 12 support staffs). 13 2.11 Producing Party: a Party or Non-Party that produces Disclosure or 14 Discovery Material in this action. 15 2.12 Professional Vendors: persons or entities that provide litigation 16 support services (e.g., photocopying, videotaping, translating, preparing exhibits or 17 demonstrations, and organizing, storing, or retrieving data in any form or medium) 18 and their employees and subcontractors. 19 2.13 Protected Material: any Disclosure or Discovery Material that is 20 designated as “CONFIDENTIAL.” 21 2.14 Receiving Party: a Party that receives Disclosure or Discovery 22 Material from a Producing Party. 23 3. SCOPE 24 The protections conferred by this Stipulation and Order cover not only 25 Protected Material (as defined above), but also (1) any information copied or 26 extracted from Protected Material; (2) all copies, excerpts, summaries, or 27 compilations of Protected Material; and (3) any testimony, conversations, or 28 presentations by Parties or their Counsel that might reveal Protected Material. 1 However, the protections conferred by this Stipulation and Order do not cover the 2 following information: (a) any information that is in the public domain at the time 3 of disclosure to a Receiving Party or becomes part of the public domain after its 4 disclosure to a Receiving Party as a result of publication not involving a violation 5 of this Order, including becoming part of the public record through trial or 6 otherwise; and (b) any information known to the Receiving Party prior to the 7 disclosure or obtained by the Receiving Party after the disclosure from a source 8 who obtained the information lawfully and under no obligation of confidentiality to 9 the Designating Party. Any use of Protected Material at trial shall be governed by a 10 separate agreement or order. 11 4. DURATION 12 Even after final disposition of this litigation, the confidentiality obligations 13 imposed by this Order shall remain in effect until a Designating Party agrees 14 otherwise in writing or a court order otherwise directs. Final disposition shall be 15 deemed to be the later of (1) dismissal of all claims and defenses in this action, 16 with or without prejudice; and (2) final judgment herein after the completion and 17 exhaustion of all appeals, rehearings, remands, trials, or reviews of this action, 18 including the time limits for filing any motions or applications for extension of 19 time pursuant to applicable law. 20 5. DESIGNATING PROTECTED MATERIAL 21 5.1 Exercise of Restraint and Care in Designating Material for Protection. 22 Each Party or Non-Party that designates information or items for protection under 23 this Order must take care to limit any such designation to specific material that 24 qualifies under the appropriate standards. The Designating Party must designate for 25 protection only those parts of material, documents, items, or oral or written 26 communications that qualify – so that other portions of the material, documents, 27 items, or communications for which protection is not warranted are not swept 28 unjustifiably within the ambit of this Order. 1 Mass, indiscriminate, or routinized designations are prohibited. Designations 2 that are shown to be clearly unjustified or that have been made for an improper 3 purpose (e.g., to unnecessarily encumber or retard the case development process or 4 to impose unnecessary expenses and burdens on other parties) expose the 5 Designating Party to sanctions. 6 If it comes to a Designating Party’s attention that information or items that it 7 designated for protection do not qualify for protection, that Designating Party must 8 promptly notify all other Parties that it is withdrawing the mistaken designation. 9 5.2 Manner and Timing of Designations. Except as otherwise provided in 10 this Order (see, e.g., second paragraph of section 5.2(a) below), or as otherwise 11 stipulated or ordered, Disclosure or Discovery Material that qualifies for protection 12 under this Order must be clearly so designated before the material is disclosed or 13 produced. 14 Designation in conformity with this Order requires: 15 (a) for information in documentary form (e.g., paper or electronic 16 documents, but excluding transcripts of depositions or other pretrial or trial 17 proceedings), that the Producing Party affix the legend “CONFIDENTIAL” to each 18 page that contains protected material. If only a portion or portions of the material 19 on a page qualifies for protection, the Producing Party also must clearly identify the 20 protected portion(s) (e.g., by making appropriate markings in the margins). 21 A Party or Non-Party that makes original documents or materials available 22 for inspection need not designate them for protection until after the inspecting Party 23 has indicated which material it would like copied and produced. During the 24 inspection and before the designation, all of the material made available for 25 inspection shall be deemed “CONFIDENTIAL.” After the inspecting Party has 26 identified the documents it wants copied and produced, the Producing Party must 27 determine which documents, or portions thereof, qualify for protection under this 28 Order. Then, before producing the specified documents, the Producing Party must 1 affix the “CONFIDENTIAL” legend to each page that contains Protected Material. 2 If only a portion or portions of the material on a page qualifies for protection, the 3 Producing Party also must clearly identify the protected portion(s) (e.g., by making 4 appropriate markings in the margins). 5 (b) for testimony given in deposition or in other pretrial or trial proceedings, 6 that the Designating Party identify on the record, before the close of the deposition, 7 hearing, or other proceeding, all protected testimony. 8 (c) for information produced in some form other than documentary and for 9 any other tangible items, that the Producing Party affix in a prominent place on the 10 exterior of the container or containers in which the information or item is stored the 11 legend “CONFIDENTIAL.” If only a portion or portions of the information or item 12 warrant protection, the Producing Party, to the extent practicable, shall identify the 13 protected portion(s). 14 5.3 Inadvertent Failures to Designate. If timely corrected, an inadvertent 15 failure to designate qualified information or items does not, standing alone, waive 16 the Designating Party’s right to secure protection under this Order for such 17 material. Upon timely correction of a designation, the Receiving Party must make 18 reasonable efforts to assure that the material is treated in accordance with the 19 provisions of this Order. 20 6. CHALLENGING CONFIDENTIALITY DESIGNATIONS 21 6.1 Timing of Challenges. Any Party or Non-Party may challenge a 22 designation of confidentiality at any time. Unless a prompt challenge to a 23 Designating Party’s confidentiality designation is necessary to avoid foreseeable, 24 substantial unfairness, unnecessary economic burdens, or a significant disruption or 25 delay of the litigation, a Party does not waive its right to challenge a confidentiality 26 designation by electing not to mount a challenge promptly after the original 27 designation is disclosed. 28 6.2 Meet and Confer. The Challenging Party shall initiate the dispute 1 resolution process by providing written notice of each designation it is challenging 2 and describing the basis for each challenge. To avoid ambiguity as to whether a 3 challenge has been made, the written notice must recite that the challenge to 4 confidentiality is being made in accordance with this specific paragraph of the 5 Protective Order. The parties shall attempt to resolve each challenge in good faith 6 and must begin the process by conferring directly (in voice to voice dialogue; other 7 forms of communication are not sufficient) within 14 days of the date of service of 8 notice. In conferring, the Challenging Party must explain the basis for its belief that 9 the confidentiality designation was not proper and must give the Designating Party 10 an opportunity to review the designated material, to reconsider the circumstances, 11 and, if no change in designation is offered, to explain the basis for the chosen 12 designation. A Challenging Party may proceed to the next stage of the challenge 13 process only if it has engaged in this meet and confer process first or establishes 14 that the Designating Party is unwilling to participate in the meet and confer process 15 in a timely manner. 16 6.3 Judicial Intervention. If the Parties cannot resolve a challenge without 17 court intervention, the Designating Party shall file and serve a motion to retain 18 confidentiality under Civil Local Rule 7 (and in compliance with Civil Local Rule 19 79-5, if applicable) within 21 days of the initial notice of challenge or within 14 20 days of the parties agreeing that the meet and confer process will not resolve their 21 dispute, whichever is earlier. Each such motion must be accompanied by a 22 competent declaration affirming that the movant has complied with the meet and 23 confer requirements imposed in the preceding paragraph. Failure by the 24 Designating Party to make such a motion including the required declaration within 25 21 days (or 14 days, if applicable) shall automatically waive the confidentiality 26 designation for each challenged designation. In addition, the Challenging Party 27 may file a motion challenging a confidentiality designation at any time if there is 28 good cause for doing so, including a challenge to the designation of a deposition 1 transcript or any portions thereof. Any motion brought pursuant to this provision 2 must be accompanied by a competent declaration affirming that the movant has 3 complied with the meet and confer requirements imposed by the preceding 4 paragraph. 5 The burden of persuasion in any such challenge proceeding shall be on the 6 Designating Party. Frivolous challenges, and those made for an improper purpose 7 (e.g., to harass or impose unnecessary expenses and burdens on other parties) may 8 expose the Challenging Party to sanctions. Unless the Designating Party has 9 waived the confidentiality designation by failing to file a motion to retain 10 confidentiality as described above, all parties shall continue to afford the material 11 in question the level of protection to which it is entitled under the Producing 12 Party’s designation until the court rules on the challenge. 13 7. ACCESS TO AND USE OF PROTECTED MATERIAL 14 7.1 Basic Principles. A Receiving Party may use Protected Material that is 15 disclosed or produced by another Party or by a Non-Party in connection with this 16 case only for prosecuting, defending, or attempting to settle this litigation. Such 17 Protected Material may be disclosed only to the categories of persons and under the 18 conditions described in this Order. When the litigation has been terminated, a 19 Receiving Party must comply with the provisions of section 13 below (FINAL 20 DISPOSITION). 21 Protected Material must be stored and maintained by a Receiving Party at a 22 location and in a secure manner that ensures that access is limited to the persons 23 authorized under this Order. 24 7.2 Disclosure of “CONFIDENTIAL” Information or Items. Unless 25 otherwise ordered by the court or permitted in writing by the Designating Party, a 26 Receiving Party may disclose any information or item designated 27 “CONFIDENTIAL” only to: 28 (a) the Receiving Party’s Outside Counsel of Record in this action, as well 1 as employees of said Outside Counsel of Record to whom it is reasonably 2 necessary to disclose the information for this litigation and who have signed the 3 “Acknowledgment and Agreement to Be Bound” that is attached hereto as Exhibit 4 A; 5 (b) the officers, directors, and employees (including House Counsel) of the 6 Receiving Party to whom disclosure is reasonably necessary for this litigation and 7 who have signed the “Acknowledgment and Agreement to Be Bound” (Exhibit A); 8 (c) Experts (as defined in this Order) of the Receiving Party to whom 9 disclosure is reasonably necessary for this litigation and who have signed the 10 “Acknowledgment and Agreement to Be Bound” (Exhibit A); 11 (d) the court and its personnel; 12 (e) court reporters and their staff, professional jury or trial consultants, mock 13 jurors, and Professional Vendors to whom disclosure is reasonably necessary for 14 this litigation and who have signed the “Acknowledgment and Agreement to Be 15 Bound” (Exhibit A); 16 (f) during their depositions, witnesses in the action to whom disclosure is 17 reasonably necessary and who have signed the “Acknowledgment and Agreement 18 to Be Bound” (Exhibit A), unless otherwise agreed by the Designating Party or 19 ordered by the court. Pages of transcribed deposition testimony or exhibits to 20 depositions that reveal Protected Material must be separately bound by the court 21 reporter and may not be disclosed to anyone except as permitted under this 22 Stipulated Protective Order. 23 (g) the author or recipient of a document containing the information or a 24 custodian or other person who otherwise possessed or knew the information. 25 (h) any mediator or settlement officer, and their supporting personnel, 26 mutually agreed upon by any of the parties engaged in settlement discussions. 27 8. PROTECTED MATERIAL SUBPOENAED OR ORDERED PRODUCED IN 28 OTHER LITIGATION 1 If a Party is served with a subpoena or a court order issued in other litigation 2 that compels disclosure of any information or items designated in this action as 3 “CONFIDENTIAL,” that Party must: 4 (a) promptly notify in writing the Designating Party. Such notification shall 5 include a copy of the subpoena or court order; 6 (b) promptly notify in writing the party who caused the subpoena or order to 7 issue in the other litigation that some or all of the material covered by the subpoena 8 or order is subject to this Protective Order. Such notification shall include a copy of 9 this Stipulated Protective Order; and 10 (c) cooperate with respect to all reasonable procedures sought to be pursued 11 by the Designating Party whose Protected Material may be affected. 12 If the Designating Party timely seeks a protective order, the Party served 13 with the subpoena or court order shall not produce any information designated in 14 this action as “CONFIDENTIAL” before a determination by the court from which 15 the subpoena or order issued, unless the Party has obtained the Designating Party’s 16 permission. The Designating Party shall bear the burden and expense of seeking 17 protection in that court of its confidential material – and nothing in these provisions 18 should be construed as authorizing or encouraging a Receiving Party in this action 19 to disobey a lawful directive from another court. 20 9. A NON-PARTY’S PROTECTED MATERIAL SOUGHT TO BE 21 PRODUCED IN THIS LITIGATION 22 (a) The terms of this Order are applicable to information produced by a 23 Non-Party in this action and designated as “CONFIDENTIAL.” Such information 24 produced by Non-Parties in connection with this litigation is protected by the 25 remedies and relief provided by this Order. Nothing in these provisions should be 26 construed as prohibiting a Non-Party from seeking additional protections. 27 (b) In the event that a Party is required, by a valid discovery request, to 28 produce a Non-Party’s confidential information in its possession, and the Party is 1 subject to an agreement with the Non-Party not to produce the Non-Party’s 2 confidential information, then the Party shall: 3 (1) promptly notify in writing the Requesting Party and the Non-Party 4 that some or all of the information requested is subject to a confidentiality 5 agreement with a Non-Party; 6 (2) promptly provide the Non-Party with a copy of the Stipulated 7 Protective Order in this litigation, the relevant discovery request(s), and a 8 reasonably specific description of the information requested; and 9 (3) make the information requested available for inspection by the 10 Non-Party. 11 (c) If the Non-Party fails to object or seek a protective order from this court 12 within 14 days of receiving the notice and accompanying information, the 13 Receiving Party may produce the Non-Party’s confidential information responsive 14 to the discovery request. If the Non-Party timely seeks a protective order, the 15 Receiving Party shall not produce any information in its possession or control that 16 is subject to the confidentiality agreement with the Non-Party before a 17 determination by the court. Absent a court order to the contrary, the Non-Party 18 shall bear the burden and expense of seeking protection in this court of its Protected 19 Material. 20 10. UNAUTHORIZED DISCLOSURE OF PROTECTED MATERIAL 21 If a Receiving Party learns that, by inadvertence or otherwise, it has 22 disclosed Protected Material to any person or in any circumstance not authorized 23 under this Stipulated Protective Order, the Receiving Party must immediately (a) 24 notify in writing the Designating Party of the unauthorized disclosures, (b) use its 25 best efforts to retrieve all unauthorized copies of the Protected Material, (c) inform 26 the person or persons to whom unauthorized disclosures were made of all the terms 27 of this Order, and (d) request such person or persons to execute the 28 “Acknowledgment and Agreement to Be Bound” that is attached hereto as Exhibit 1 A. 2 11. INADVERTENT PRODUCTION OF PRIVILEGED OR OTHERWISE 3 PROTECTED MATERIAL 4 When a Producing Party gives notice to Receiving Parties that certain 5 inadvertently produced material is subject to a claim of privilege or other 6 protection, the obligations of the Receiving Parties are those set forth in Federal 7 Rule of Civil Procedure 26(b)(5)(B). This provision is not intended to modify 8 whatever procedure may be established in an e-discovery order that provides for 9 production without prior privilege review. Pursuant to Federal Rule of Evidence 10 502(d) and (e), insofar as the parties reach an agreement on the effect of disclosure 11 of a communication or information covered by the attorney-client privilege or work 12 product protection, the parties may incorporate their agreement in the stipulated 13 protective order submitted to the court. 14 12. MISCELLANEOUS 15 12.1 Right to Further Relief. Nothing in this Order abridges the right of any 16 person to seek its modification by the court in the future. 17 12.2 Right to Assert Other Objections. By stipulating to the entry of this 18 Protective Order no Party waives any right it otherwise would have to object to 19 disclosing or producing any information or item on any ground not addressed in this 20 Stipulated Protective Order. Similarly, no Party waives any right to object on any 21 ground to use in evidence of any of the material covered by this Protective Order. 22 12.3 Filing Protected Material. Without written permission from the 23 Designating Party or a court order secured after appropriate notice to all interested 24 persons, a Party may not file in the public record in this action any Protected 25 Material. A Party that seeks to file under seal any Protected Material must comply 26 with Civil Local Rule 141. Protected Material may only be filed under seal 27 pursuant to a court order authorizing the sealing of the specific Protected Material 28 at issue. Pursuant to Civil Local Rule 141, a sealing order will issue only upon a 1 request establishing that the Protected Material at issue is privileged, protectable as 2 a trade secret, or otherwise entitled to protection under the law. If a Receiving 3 Party's request to file Protected Material under seal pursuant to Civil Local Rule 4 79-5(d) is denied by the court, then the Receiving Party may file the information in 5 the public record pursuant to Civil Local Rule 79-5(e) unless otherwise instructed 6 by the court. 7 13. FINAL DISPOSITION 8 Within 60 days after the final disposition of this action, as defined in 9 paragraph 4, each Receiving Party must return all Protected Material to the 10 Producing Party or destroy such material. As used in this subdivision, “all 11 Protected Material” includes all copies, abstracts, compilations, summaries, and 12 any other format reproducing or capturing any of the Protected Material. Whether 13 the Protected Material is returned or destroyed, the Receiving Party must submit a 14 written certification to the Producing Party (and, if not the same person or entity, to 15 the Designating Party) by the 60 day deadline that (1) identifies (by category, 16 where appropriate) all the Protected Material that was returned or destroyed and (2) 17 affirms that the Receiving Party has not retained any copies, abstracts, 18 compilations, summaries or any other format reproducing or capturing any of the 19 Protected Material. Notwithstanding this provision, Counsel are entitled to retain an 20 archival copy of all pleadings, motion papers, trial, deposition, and hearing 21 transcripts, legal memoranda, correspondence, deposition and trial exhibits, expert 22 reports, attorney work product, and consultant and expert work product, even if 23 such materials contain Protected Material. Any such archival copies that contain or 24 constitute Protected Material remain subject to this Protective Order as set forth in 25 Section 4 (DURATION). 26 /// 27 /// 28 /// 1 EXHIBIT A 2 ACKNOWLEDGMENT AND AGREEMENT TO BE BOUND 3 I, _____________________________ [print or type full name], of 4 _________________ [print or type full address], declare under penalty of perjury that 5 I have read in its entirety and understand the Stipulated Protective Order that was 6 issued by the United States District Court for the Eastern District of California on 7 [date] in the case of Marlea Frazer v. Lowe’s Home Centers, LLC, et al., Case No.: 8 1:22-CV-00410-JLT-SAB. I agree to comply with and to be bound by all the terms of 9 this Stipulated Protective Order and I understand and acknowledge that failure to so 10 comply could expose me to sanctions and punishment in the nature of contempt. I 11 solemnly promise that I will not disclose in any manner any information or item that 12 is subject to this Stipulated Protective Order to any person or entity except in strict 13 compliance with the provisions of this Order. 14 I further agree to submit to the jurisdiction of the United States District Court for the 15 Eastern District of California for the purpose of enforcing the terms of this Stipulated 16 Protective Order, even if such enforcement proceedings occur after termination of 17 this action. 18 I hereby appoint __________________________ [print or type full name] of 19 _______________________________________ [print or type full address and 20 telephone number] as my California agent for service of process in connection with 21 this action or any proceedings related to enforcement of this Stipulated Protective 22 Order. 23 Date: ______________________________________ 24 City and State where sworn and signed: _________________________________ 25 Printed name: _______________________________ 26 Signature: __________________________________ 27 /// 28 /// 1 COURT ORDER ENTERING STIPULATED PROTECTIVE ORDER 2 Pursuant to the stipulation of the parties and good cause appearing, IT IS HEREBY 3 | ORDERED that: 4 1. The above stipulated protective order is ENTERED; 5 2. The provisions of the parties’ stipulation and this protective order shall remain in 6 effect until further order of the Court; 7 3. The parties are advised that pursuant to the Local Rules of the United States 8 District Court, Eastern District of California, any documents which are to be filed 9 under seal will require a written request which complies with Local Rule 141; 10 4. The party making a request to file documents under seal shall be required to show 11 either good cause or compelling reasons to seal the documents, depending on the 12 type of filing, Pintos v. Pac. Creditors Ass’n, 605 F.3d 665, 677-78 (9th Cir. 13 2009); Ctr. for Auto Safety v. Chrysler Grp., LLC, 809 F.3d 1092, 1101 (9th Cir. 14 2016); and 15 5. If a party’s request to file Protected Material under seal is denied by the Court, 16 then the previously filed material shall be immediately accepted by the court and 17 become information in the public record and the information will be deemed filed 18 as of the date that the request to file the Protected Information under seal was 19 made. 20 IT IS SO ORDERED. DAM Le 22 | Dated: _January 17, 2023 __ Of 33 UNITED STATES MAGISTRATE JUDGE 24 25 26 27 28 16