(HC) Moreno v. Robinson ( 2022 )

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 9 FOR THE EASTERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 10 11 JOSÉ MORENO, No. 2:21-CV-1757-KMJ-DMC-P 12 Petitioner, 13 v. FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 14 JIM ROBINSON, 15 Respondent. 16 17 Petitioner, a former state prisoner proceeding pro se, brings this petition for a writ 18 of habeas corpus under 28 U.S.C. § 2254. Pending before the Court is Respondent’s motion to 19 dismiss, ECF No. 12. In his motion to dismiss, Respondent argues the petition must be dismissed 20 with prejudice as untimely. Respondent’s motion is supported by the state court record, which 21 has been lodged at ECF No. 13. For the reasons discussed below, the Court agrees that the 22 petition is untimely. 23 / / / 24 / / / 25 / / / 26 / / / 27 / / / 28 / / / 1 I. BACKGROUND1 2 A. Conviction and Direct Review 3 On December 3, 2012, in case number 10F06494, Petitioner was convicted after a 4 jury trial of eleven counts of first-degree burglary, three counts of unauthorized computer access, 5 three counts of wiretapping, two counts of stalking, and two counts of misdemeanor possession of 6 stolen property. Petitioner was sentenced to nineteen years and four months in prison. Petitioner 7 filed an appeal in the California Court of Appeal for the Third District which affirmed Petitioner’s 8 conviction and sentence on December 3, 2014. On January 9, 2015, Petitioner filed a petition for 9 review with the California Supreme Court, which was denied on February 25, 2015. On October 10 30, 2019, the judgment was amended by the Court of Appeal to award Petitioner additional 11 credits. 12 Petitioner did not file a petition for writ of certiorari in the United States Supreme 13 Court. 14 B. State Court Post-Conviction Proceedings 15 Petitioner filed several state court post-conviction actions. In total, Petitioner filed 16 the following fourteen post-conviction actions relating to the December 3, 2012, conviction. 17 First Action Sacramento County Superior Court. Filed January 9, 2014. 18 Denied April 24, 2014. 19 Second Action California Court of Appeal. Filed August 27, 2014. 20 Denied September 18, 2014. 21 Third Action California Supreme Court. Filed October 28, 2014. 22 Denied February 25, 2015. 23 Fourth Action Sacramento County Superior Court. Filed May 21, 2018. 24 Denied June 11, 2018. 25 Fifth Action Sacramento County Superior Court. Filed June 21, 2018. 26 Denied July 2, 2018. 27 1 The Court’s summary of state court proceedings is derived from the state court 28 record lodged at ECF No. 13. 1 Sixth Action California Court of Appeal. Filed July 16, 2018. 2 Denied October 30, 2019. 3 Seventh Action Sacramento County Superior Court. Filed October 24, 2018. 4 Denied November 30, 2018. 5 Eighth Action California Court of Appeal. Filed February 14, 2019. 6 Denied February 28, 2019. 7 Ninth Action Sacramento County Superior Court. Filed March 9, 2020. 8 Denied June 23, 2020. 9 Tenth Action California Court of Appeal. Filed July 7, 2020. 10 Denied July 31, 2020. 11 Eleventh Action California Court of Appeal. Filed July 27, 2020. 12 Denied August 14, 2020. 13 Twelfth Action Sacramento County Superior Court. Filed November 3, 2020. 14 Denied January 4, 2021. 15 Thirteenth Action California Court of Appeal. Filed January 19, 2021. 16 Denied February 17, 2021. 17 Fourteenth Action California Supreme Court. Filed February 25, 2021. 18 Denied May 26, 2021. 19 C. Federal Habeas Review 20 Petitioner filed the instant federal petition on September 27, 2021. See ECF No. 1. 21 22 II. DISCUSSION 23 In his motion to dismiss, Respondent argues: (1) the limitations period started to 24 run on December 10, 2019; (2) Petitioner is not entitled to statutory tolling for the time the first 25 through eighth state court post-conviction actions were pending; (3) the limitations period expired 26 before the ninth state court post-conviction action was filed; (4) Petitioner is not entitled to any 27 tolling for the time the ninth state court post-conviction action was pending; (5) Petitioner is not 28 entitled to any tolling for the time between the denial of the ninth state court action and through 1 conclusion of all other state court post-conviction actions; and (6) the limitations period ended on 2 March 26, 2021. See ECF No. 12. 3 A. The Limitations Period Begins 4 Federal habeas corpus petitions must be filed within one year from the later of: 5 (1) the date the state court judgment became final; (2) the date on which an impediment to filing 6 created by state action is removed; (3) the date on which a constitutional right is newly- 7 recognized and made retroactive on collateral review; or (4) the date on which the factual 8 predicate of the claim could have been discovered through the exercise of due diligence. See 28 9 U.S.C. § 2244(d). Typically, the statute of limitations will begin to run when the state court 10 judgment becomes final by the conclusion of direct review or expiration of the time to seek direct 11 review. See 28 U.S.C. § 2244(d)(1). Where, as here, no petition for review by the California 12 Supreme Court is filed challenging the final decision of the appellate court, the conviction 13 becomes final 40 days following the Court of Appeal’s decision, and the limitations period begins 14 running the following day. See Smith v. Duncan, 297 F.3d 809 (9th Cir. 2002); see also 15 California Rules of Court 8.366 and 8.500. 16 In his motion to dismiss, Respondent calculates commencement of the limitations 17 period based on the latest possible date – the date the California Court of Appeal amended its 18 final judgment on October 30, 2019. Petitioner did not seek any further direct review of this 19 amended judgment. Based on this date, Respondent correctly argues that, pursuant to 28 U.S.C. 20 § 2244(d)(1) and California Rules of Court, Rules 8.366 and 8.500, the state appellate court 21 judgment became final 40 days later on December 9, 2019. Thus, the one-year limitations period 22 for filing a federal habeas petition began to run the day after that – December 10, 2019. Cf. 23 Wixom, 264 F.3d, 897. 24 B. Statutory Tolling 25 The limitations period is tolled for the time a properly filed application for post- 26 conviction relief is pending in the state court. See 28 U.S.C. § 2244(d)(2). To be “properly 27 filed,” the application must be authorized by, and in compliance with, state law. See Artuz v. 28 Bennett, 531 U.S. 4 (2000); see also Allen v. Siebert, 128 S.Ct. 2 (2007); Pace v. DiGuglielmo, 1 544 U.S. 408 (2005) (holding that, regardless of whether there are exceptions to a state’s 2 timeliness bar, time limits for filing a state post-conviction petition are filing conditions and the 3 failure to comply with those time limits precludes a finding that the state petition is properly 4 filed). A state court application for post-conviction relief is “pending” during all the time the 5 petitioner is attempting, through proper use of state court procedures, to present his claims. See 6 Nino v. Galaza, 183 F.3d 1003, 1006 (9th Cir. 1999). It is not, however, considered “pending” 7 after the state post-conviction process is concluded. See Lawrence v. Florida, 549 U.S. 327 8 (2007) (holding that federal habeas petition not tolled for time during which certiorari petition to 9 the Supreme Court was pending). Where the petitioner unreasonably delays between state court 10 applications, however, there is no tolling for that period of time. See Carey v. Saffold, 11 536 U.S. 214 (2002). If the state court does not explicitly deny a post-conviction application as 12 untimely, the federal court must independently determine whether there was undue delay. See id. 13 at 226-27. 14 There is no tolling for the interval of time between post-conviction applications 15 where the petitioner is not moving to the next higher appellate level of review. See Nino, 183 16 F.3d at 1006-07; see also Dils v. Small, 260 F.3d 984, 986 (9th Cir. 2001). There is also no 17 tolling for the period between different sets of post-conviction applications. See Biggs v. 18 Duncan, 339 F.3d 1045 (9th Cir. 2003). Finally, the period between the conclusion of direct 19 review and the filing of a state post-conviction application does not toll the limitations period. 20 See Nino, 1983 F.3d at 1006-07. 21 1. First Through Eighth State Court Actions 22 With respect to statutory tolling, Respondent argues that the first through 23 eighth state court post-conviction actions had no tolling effect because they all concluded 24 prior to commencement of the limitations period. The Court agrees. As outlined above, direct 25 review concluded in December 2019. The first though eighth state court post-conviction 26 actions, the last of which was resolved in February 2019, have no effect on the one-year 27 limitations period. 28 / / / 1 2. Ninth State Court Action 2 Respondent next argues that the limitations period ran between the time the 3 conviction became final and the time the ninth state court post-conviction action was filed. 4 Again, the Court agrees. See Nino, 1983 F.3d at 1006-07, see also Lawrence v. Florida, 549 5 U.S. 327, 330 (2007). Respondent concedes for the purposes of his motion that the ninth state 6 court action was properly filed, and that Petitioner is entitled to statutory tolling for the time it 7 was pending – March 9, 2020, through June 23, 2020 – a total of 107 days. 8 3. Remaining State Court Actions 9 Respondent argues that Petitioner’s remaining state court actions for post- 10 conviction relief have no tolling effect for a variety of reasons with which the Court agrees. 11 Petitioner’s tenth and eleventh actions were both appeals from non-appealable orders and 12 were, as Respondent notes, not “properly filed application[s] for State post-conviction or 13 other collateral review” for purposes of statutory tolling. The remaining actions were 14 denied by the state court as time-barred. See ECF No. 12, pg. 7 (Respondent’s brief noting 15 state citations to timeliness rules of In re Robbins, 18 Cal.4th 770, 780 (1998), and In re 16 Clark, 5 Cal.4th 750, 767-69 (1993)); see also ECF No. 13. 17 C. The Limitations Period Expires 18 As discussed above, the one-year limitations period commenced on 19 December 10, 2019. Time ran from this date until the filing of Petitioner’s ninth state court 20 action on March 9, 2020. The limitations period was then tolled for 107 days to June 23, 21 2020, which is when the ninth petition was denied and no longer pending. The remaining 22 state court actions were untimely, as determined by the state court, and were never properly 23 filed. Considering the portion of the limitations period that elapsed after the conviction 24 became final and the ninth action was filed, as well as the 107 days the limitations period 25 was tolled while the ninth action was pending, the one-year limitations period expired in 26 March 2021. The current federal habeas petition, which was filed in September 2021, is 27 untimely and must be dismissed. 28 / / / 1 il. CONCLUSION 2 Based on the foregoing, the undersigned recommends that Respondent’s motion to 3 | dismiss, ECF No. 12, be granted. 4 These findings and recommendations are submitted to the United States District 5 | Judge assigned to the case, pursuant to the provisions of 28 U.S.C. § 636(b)(). Within 14 days 6 | after being served with these findings and recommendations, any party may file written objections 7 | with the court. Responses to objections shall be filed within 14 days after service of objections. 8 | Failure to file objections within the specified time may waive the right to appeal. See Martinez v. 9 | Yist, 951 F.2d 1153 (9th Cir. 1991). 10 11 | Dated: July 29, 2022 Ssvcqo_ 12 DENNIS M. COTA 13 UNITED STATES MAGISTRATE JUDGE 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28