Sepulveda v. Gray ( 2024 )

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 9 FOR THE EASTERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 10 11 RICHARD SEPULVEDA, Case No. 2:23-cv-02769-WBS-JDP 12 Plaintiff, FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 13 v. THAT PLAINTIFF’S MOTION FOR DEFAULT JUDGMENT BE GRANTED 14 DANIEL SHERMAN GRAY, ECF No. 8 15 Defendant. OBJECTIONS DUE WITHIN FOURTEEN 16 DAYS 17 18 Plaintiff brings this action against defendant Daniel Gray, alleging defendant violated the 19 Americans with Disabilities Act (“ADA”), 42 U.S.C. §§ 12181-12189; California Health and 20 Safety Code § 19955, et seq.; California’s Civil Rights Act, Cal. Civ. Code §§ 54, 54.1, and 54.3; 21 and the California Unruh Civil Rights Act (“Unruh Act”). Defendant has not answered the 22 complaint or otherwise appeared. Plaintiff has filed a motion for default judgment on his ADA 23 and Unruh Act claims, which was before me for a hearing on June 6, 2024.1 ECF No. 8. For the 24 following reasons, I recommend that the motion be granted. 25 26 27 1 At the hearing plaintiff’s counsel requested that the remaining claims under California Health and Safety Code § 19955, et seq., and California’s Civil Rights Act, Cal. Civ. Code §§ 54, 28 54.1, and 54.3 be dismissed. I recommend that request be granted. 1 Background 2 The complaint alleges that plaintiff is physically disabled and must use a walker for 3 mobility. ECF No. 1 ⁋ 6. Defendant Gray is the owner and operator of a business named “Mils 4 Bar & Grill,” located at 100 South Del Puerto Ave., Patterson, California. Id. ⁋ 1. The business 5 is open to the public and is a place of public accommodation. Id. ⁋⁋ 3-4, 11. On September 28, 6 2023, and November 25, 2023, plaintiff visited the business and encountered architectural 7 barriers. Id. ⁋⁋ 4, 12-13. Specifically, the business did not have an accessible parking space with 8 ADA-compliant signage, id. ⁋ 4a. 9 Defendant was served by substitute service on December 29, 2023. ECF No. 5; see Cal. 10 Civ. P. § 415.20(b). After defendant failed to timely respond to plaintiff’s complaint, plaintiff 11 requested entry of his default, ECF No. 6, which the Clerk of Court entered on February 23, 2024, 12 ECF No. 7. Plaintiff then filed the instant motion, which seeks default judgment on his ADA and 13 Unruh Act claims. ECF No. 8. He seeks $8,000 in statutory damages under the Unruh Act, as 14 well as injunctive relief and attorney’s fees and costs. 15 Legal Standard 16 Under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 55, default may be entered against a party who 17 fails to plead or otherwise defend against an action. See Fed. R. Civ. P. 55(a). However, “[a] 18 defendant’s default does not automatically entitle the plaintiff to a court-ordered judgment.” 19 PepsiCo, Inc. v. Cal. Sec. Cans, 238 F. Supp. 2d 1172, 1174 (C.D. Cal. 2002) (citing Draper v. 20 Coombs, 792 F.2d 915, 924-25 (9th Cir. 1986)). Rather, the decision to grant or deny a motion 21 for default judgment is discretionary. Aldabe v. Aldabe, 616 F.2d 1089, 1092 (9th Cir. 1980). In 22 exercising that discretion, the court considers the following factors: 23 (1) the possibility of prejudice to the plaintiff, (2) the merits of plaintiff’s substantive claim, (3) the sufficiency of the complaint, 24 (4) the sum of money at stake in the action, (5) the possibility of a dispute concerning the material facts, (6) whether the default was 25 due to excusable neglect, and (7) the strong policy underlying the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure favoring decisions on the merits. 26 27 Eitel v. McCool, 782 F.2d 1470, 1471-72 (9th Cir. 1986). “In applying this discretionary 28 standard, default judgments are more often granted than denied.” Philip Morris USA, Inc. v. 1 Castworld Prods., Inc., 219 F.R.D. 494, 498 (C.D. Cal. 2003) (quoting PepsiCo, Inc. v. Triunfo- 2 Mex, Inc., 189 F.R.D. 431, 432 (C.D. Cal. 1999)). 3 Generally, once default is entered “the factual allegations of the complaint, except those 4 relating to the amount of damages, will be taken as true.” TeleVideo Sys., Inc. v. Heidenthal, 826 5 F.2d 915, 917-18 (9th Cir. 1987) (quoting Geddes v. United Fin. Grp., 559 F.2d 557, 560 (9th 6 Cir. 1977)). However, “necessary facts not contained in the pleadings, and claims which are 7 legally insufficient, are not established by default.” Cripps v. Life Ins. Co. of N. Am., 980 F.2d 8 1261, 1267 (9th Cir. 1992). 9 Discussion 10 A. Americans with Disabilities Act 11 Title III of the ADA provides that “[n]o individual shall be discriminated against on the 12 basis of disability in the full and equal enjoyment of the goods, services, facilities, privileges, 13 advantages, or accommodations of any place of public accommodation by any person who owns, 14 leases (or leases to), or operates a place of public accommodation.” 42 U.S.C. § 12182(a). 15 Discrimination includes “a failure to remove architectural barriers . . . in existing facilities . . . 16 where such removal is readily achievable.” Id. § 12182(b)(2)(A)(iv). Under the ADA, the term 17 readily achievable means “easily accomplishable and able to be carried out without much 18 difficulty or expense.” Id. § 12181(9). 19 To succeed on an ADA disability discrimination claim, a plaintiff “must show that (1) she 20 is disabled within the meaning of the ADA; (2) the defendant is a private entity that owns, leases, 21 or operates a place of public accommodation; and (3) the plaintiff was denied public 22 accommodations by the defendant because of her disability.” Doe v. CVS Pharmacy, Inc., 982 23 F.3d 1204, 1212 (9th Cir. 2020) (quoting Molski v. M.J. Cable, Inc., 481 F.3d 724, 730 (9th Cir. 24 2007)). To succeed on such a claim, a plaintiff must also prove that: (1) the existing facility at the 25 defendant’s place of business presents an architectural barrier prohibited under the ADA, and (2) 26 the removal of the barrier is readily achievable.” Gilbert v. Shahi Assocs., Inc., No. 1:21-cv- 27 01375-DAD-SAB, 2022 WL 1557162, at *8 (E.D. Cal. May 17, 2022) (quoting Parr v. L & L 28 Drive-Inn Rest., 96 F. Supp. 2d 1065, 1085 (D. Haw. 2000)); see also Wyatt v. Ralphs Grocery 1 Co., 65 F. App’x 589, 590 (9th Cir. 2003). 2 The complaint alleges that plaintiff is disabled, and that defendant is the owner and 3 operator of a place of public accommodation. ECF No. 1 ⁋⁋ 3-8, 11. Plaintiff also alleges that 4 defendants denied him public accommodation because the restaurant did not have an accessible 5 parking space. Id. ⁋ 4. He further alleges that this architectural barrier could be removed without 6 significant difficulty or expense. Id. ⁋ 5. These allegations are sufficient to state an ADA claim. 7 See Molski, 481 F.3d at 730. Accordingly, the second and third Eitel factors—the merits of the 8 substantive claim and sufficiency of the complaint—weigh in favor of default judgment. 9 Furthermore, many of the remaining Eitel factors weigh in favor of granting plaintiff’s 10 motion. Defendant was properly served, see ECF No. 5, but has not responded. Thus, it appears 11 that his default was not entered due to excusable neglect. Moreover, the relief sought is 12 authorized by statute and, accepting plaintiff’s allegations as true, there is little possibility of a 13 dispute concerning material facts. See Elektra Entm’t Grp. Inc. v. Crawford, 226 F.R.D. 388, 393 14 (C.D. Cal. 2005) (“Because all allegations in a well-pleaded complaint are taken as true after the 15 court clerk enters default judgment, there is no likelihood that any genuine issue of material fact 16 exists.”). Additionally, because defendant has not appeared, plaintiff has no recourse for 17 obtaining relief absent default judgment. And, although decisions on the merits are favored, such 18 a decision is impossible where the defendant declines to take part in the action. See Penpower 19 Tech. Ltd. v. S.P.C. Tech., 627 F. Supp. 2d 1083, 1093 (N.D. Cal. 2008). Accordingly, plaintiff is 20 entitled to default judgment on his ADA claim. 21 B. Unruh Civil Rights Act 22 The Unruh Civil Rights Act provides: “All persons within the jurisdiction of this state are 23 free and equal, and no matter what their sex, race, color, religion, ancestry, national origin, 24 disability, medical condition, marital status, or sexual orientation are entitled to the full and equal 25 accommodations, advantages, facilities, privileges, or services in all business establishments of 26 every kind whatsoever.” Cal. Civ. Code § 51(b). The Unruh Act provides that a violation of the 27 ADA constitutes a violation of the Unruh Act. See Pickern v. Best W. Timber Cove Lodge 28 Marina Resort, 194 F. Supp. 2d 1128, 1131 (E.D. Cal. 2002); Cal. Civ. Code § 54.1(d). 1 Violations of the Unruh Act permits statutory damages in the amount of $4,000 for each occasion 2 that a plaintiff is denied equal access. Id. § 52(a). Since plaintiff’s Unruh Act claim is predicated 3 on defendant’s alleged violation of the ADA, he is entitled to $8,000 in statutory damages for the 4 two occasions on which he was denied access to the business. 5 C. Attorneys’ Fees and Costs 6 Plaintiff also seeks attorney’s fees and costs. He requests $705.50 in costs, which consists 7 of a $150 fee to obtain ownership deed information from an assessor’s office, the $402 filling fee, 8 and $156.50 for completing service. ECF No. 8-1 at 4. These fees are reasonable and should be 9 granted. 10 Plaintiff also seeks $2,415 in attorney’s fees. To determine the reasonableness of 11 attorney’s fees, the court utilizes the lodestar method. Moreno v. City of Sacramento, 534 F.3d 12 1106, 1111 (9th Cir. 2008); Fischer v. SJB-P.D. Inc., 2124 F.3d 1115, 1119 (9th Cir. 2000). 13 Under that method, “a district court must start by determining how many hours were reasonably 14 expended on the litigation, and then multiply those hours by the prevailing local rate for an 15 attorney of the skill required to perform the litigation.” Id. 16 Plaintiff request is based on 6.9 hours at a rate of $350 per hour for work performed by 17 attorney Richard Mac Bride. Both the hourly rate and the time spent litigating this case are 18 reasonable. Plaintiff should therefore be awarded attorney’s fees and costs in the amount of 19 $3,120.50. 20 Accordingly, it is hereby RECOMMENDED that: 21 1. Plaintiff’s motion for default judgment, ECF No. 8, be granted. 22 2. Default judgment be entered against defendants on plaintiff’s ADA and Unruh Act 23 claims. 24 3. Plaintiff’s remaining claims be dismissed without prejudice. 25 4. Plaintiff be granted an injunction requiring defendant to provide an accessible parking 26 space. 27 5. Plaintiff be awarded attorneys’ fees and costs in the amount of $3,120.50. 28 6. The Clerk of Court be directed to close this case. ] These findings and recommendations are submitted to the United States District Judge 2 || assigned to the case, pursuant to the provisions of 28 U.S.C. § 636(b)(1). Within fourteen days of 3 || service of these findings and recommendations, any party may file written objections with the 4 || court and serve a copy on all parties. Any such document should be captioned “Objections to 5 || Magistrate Judge’s Findings and Recommendations,” and any response shall be served and filed 6 || within fourteen days of service of the objections. The parties are advised that failure to file 7 || objections within the specified time may waive the right to appeal the District Court’s order. See 8 | Turner v. Duncan, 158 F.3d 449, 455 (9th Cir. 1998); Martinez v. Yist, 951 F.2d 1153 (9th Cir. 9 | 1991). 10 IT IS SO ORDERED. 12 ( 1 SY. Dated: _ October 9, 2024 \E ee 13 JEREMY D. PETERSON 14 UNITED STATES MAGISTRATE JUDGE 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28