People v. Ah Sing , 95 Cal. 657 ( 1892 )

Garoutte, J.

The appellant, Ah Sing, was convicted of perjury, and now asks this court to review the judgment and order denying his motion for a new trial.

The demurrer to the' information was properly overruled, and we cannot say that the motion to discharge the defendant, by reason of the fact that the information was not filed within thirty days after the defendant was held to answer, should have been granted. An information filed by the district attorney against an accused is based upon the depositions and commitment thereon returned by the committing magistrate to the clerk of the superior court. It appears that at the time this motion was made these papers had not been returned to the court by the committing magistrate, and the trial court denied the motion upon that state of facts. It does not appear that such ruling was not made under a proper exercise of judicial discretion.

The charge of perjury, upon which the appellant was convicted, is alleged to have been committed at the preliminary examination of one Ah Wai, who was being examined before a justice of the peace upon a complaint also charging perjury. The complaint against Ah Wai alleged that he committed perjury in swearing to a complaint falsely charging one Kio Kiang with having committed the crime of petit larceny. The false testimony, upon which the present charge of perjury is based, is set out in the information, but as to the major portion of it, the record does not disclose sufficient evidence to support it as a fact, and if proven, it is quite apparent that under no circumstances could it be material to the issue under examination in the trial of Ah Wai. The only specification of perjury set out in the information which demands our consideration is the following: “ That on the sixteenth day of April, 1891, he, the said Ah Sing, saw. one Kio Kiang, a Chinese woman, take a bracelet belonging to one Ah Wai, from the house of one Ah Sing, in the city of Pomona, in the county of Los Angeles.” Conceding that the record discloses the complete falsity of the foregoing testimony of the accused, given at the trial of Ah Wai, still, in order to constitute the offense of perjury, another and additional element is necessary, and that is, it must appear that such testimony was material to the issue on trial. It is an elementary principle that testimony given as to matters collateral to the question at issue cannot furnish the foundation for a charge of perjury, and this principle of law was recognized here by the district attorney in framing the information, and by the court throughout its charge to the jury. Its materiality is not only a necessary element of the information, but it is a fact which must be established by the evidence of the prosecution as fully and completely as any other fact in the case. We find no evidence in the record to indicate that the foregoing testimony of the accused was material to the issue upon trial at that time. We know that Ah Wai was being examined upon an accusation of perjury, in having sworn to a complaint falsely charging one Kio Kiang with petit larceny, and that is the extent of our knowledge upon the subject. As to what property Kio Kiang was charged by Ah Wai with having stolen, there is a total absence of proof. If the charge made against Kio Kiang was for stealing money, then at the examination of Ah Wai upon a complaint for perjury in making such false charge, this testimony of the defendant was entirely immaterial, and no conviction for perjury could stand against him for a moment. It is only upon the theory or presumption that the perjury charge against Ah Wai was based upon a false accusation against Kio Kiang in stealing a bracelet, the property of Ah Wai, that the testimony was material at the preliminary examination. But, as already suggested, the burden was upon the people to establish such matter as a fact, and the jury were not entitled to speculate upon theories, or indulge in presumptions and inferences against the defendant upon a question so important. The evidence in this particular fails to support the judgment.

The charge of the court to the jury is full and complete, and we find no just grounds of exception thereto.

For the foregoing reasons, let the judgment and order be reversed, and the cause remanded for a new trial.

Paterson, J., and Harrison, J., concurred.