Suojanen v. USA Specialized Services CA4/3 ( 2015 )

Filed 12/28/15 Suojanen v. USA Specialized Services CA4/3
NOT TO BE PUBLISHED IN OFFICIAL REPORTS
California Rules of Court, rule 8.1115(a), prohibits courts and parties from citing or relying on opinions not certified for
publication or ordered published, except as specified by rule 8.1115(b). This opinion has not been certified for publication
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IN THE COURT OF APPEAL OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA
FOURTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
DIVISION THREE
BILL SUOJANEN,
Plaintiff, Cross-complainant and G049555
Appellant,
(Super. Ct. No. 30-2010-00427473)
v.
OPINION
USA SPECIALIZED SERVICES, INC., et
al.,
Defendants, Cross-defendants and
Respondents.
Appeal from an order of the Superior Court of Orange County, Gail A.
Andler, Judge. Affirmed. Motion to augment the record is denied. Motions for judicial
notice are denied.
Law Offices of Michael G. York, and Michael G. York, for Plaintiff, Cross-
complainant and Appellant.
Law Offices of David J. Harter, and David J. Harter; The Ressler Firm and
Kurt A. Ressler, for Defendant, Cross-defendant and Respondent USA Specialized
Services, Inc.
Kathleen Strong, in pro. per., for Defendant, Cross-defendant and
Respondent.
* * *
Bill Suojanen appeals from an order authorizing disbursement of
$81,490.23 in enforcement fees and costs to USA Specialized Services, Inc., (USA) in
payment of its claim for attorney fees and costs incurred to enforce its judgment lien
against Suojanen.
This case commenced with Suojanen’s complaint for declaratory relief, in
which he sought to adjudicate the disputed claims of certain third parties to share in a
large attorney fee award issued in favor of Suojanen and his clients as a sanction in the
underlying case (Jneid v. TriPole Corp. (Dec. 17, 2009, G039500) opn.mod Jan. 15, 2010
[nonpub. opn.]). However, Suojanen did not name USA’s predecessor, which had filed a
judgment lien in the case, as a defendant in the declaratory relief complaint. It became
involved as a party to this litigation only after being named in cross-complaints filed by
two of the defendants whose lien claims Suojanen did dispute, each of who sought to
establish the priority of their claims over that of USA’s predecessor. USA later
succeeded to its predecessor’s judgment.
Suojanen argues the trial court erred in holding him responsible for USA’s
fees and costs pursuant to Code of Civil Procedure section 685.040 (all further statutory
references are to this code) because under Slates v. Gorabi (2010) 189 Cal. App. 4th 1210,
1212 (Slates), fees and costs incurred by a lien claimant for the sole purpose of litigating
the priority of its judgment lien as against the liens of other claimants are not considered
costs of enforcing the judgment.
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We affirm. In Slates, the trial court concluded the judgment debtors were
mere “bystanders” in the battle for priority between the two lien claimants, and it inferred
the Legislature intended that a debtor’s liability for fees and costs incurred in enforcing a
judgment would turn on whether that expense was incurred as a result of the debtor’s
failure to cooperate in satisfying the judgment. Suojanen can take no refuge in such a
rule because he willfully subverted USA’s lien rights when he negotiated to have a
portion of the attorney fee award paid directly to himself, without satisfying USA’s lien,
and then filed a complaint which placed at issue the validity of all lien claims as against
the attorney fee award. USA had no choice but to enforce its lien claim in this action.
FACTS
Suojanen represented plaintiffs through trial in the underlying case and
obtained a large judgment in their favor. That judgment was reversed on appeal,
however, based on this court’s determination that evidentiary and issue sanctions
imposed by the trial court against the defendant, Novell, Inc., had been too severe. In
connection with the reversal, we ordered Novell to pay plaintiffs their costs, expenses and
attorney fees incurred in connection with the first trial. (Jneid v. TriPole Corp., supra,
G039500.) The trial court later ordered Novell to pay approximately $300,000 in costs
and expenses and $700,000 in attorney fees. We affirmed that order on appeal. (Jneid v.
Novell (Sept. 23, 2011, G044491) [nonpub.opn.].)
In July 2010, before the sanction order was final, Novell made an advance
payment of $250,000 directly to Suojanen, without satisfying any of the several liens
filed in the case, including a $17,500 judgment lien filed by USA’s predecessor, Veritext,
in April 2007.
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In November 2010, four months after that advance payment, Suojanen and
his clients in the underlying case commenced this litigation by filing an action for
declaratory relief. The complaint named four defendants: (1) Kathleen Strong; (2) a
corporation called Dunlap, Dunlap and Peck; (3) a corporation called Accuride
International, Inc.; and (4) Wendy Reed. The complaint also named 10 Doe defendants.
The complaint alleged Suojanen’s representation of his clients in the underlying action,
and that the plaintiffs had been awarded $700,000 in attorney fees as part of the court’s
award of sanctions. The complaint further alleged each of the named defendants claimed
a lien against the attorney fee portion of the sanction award, and that a dispute exists
because Suojanen and his clients contend the attorney fee award belongs solely to
Suojanen, and defendants dispute that.
The complaint alleged a controversy has arisen about several specific
issues, including whether Strong or Dunlap has a claim or lien against the attorney fee
award, and “the validity of any claims and/or liens against the [a]ttorney [f]ee [a]ward,
the priority among any claims and/or liens, and the amounts due under any claims and/or
liens.” (Italics added.)
Although USA’s predecessor, Veritext, had a recorded lien in the case, it
was not named as a defendant in Suojanen’s declaratory relief action. Both Strong and
Reed filed cross-complaints against Veritext, however, seeking declaratory relief to
establish the priority of the various liens. Moreover, the court ordered the unpaid portion
of Novell’s sanction be deposited with the court in this action pending resolution of the
various claims. Consequently, any party seeking to enforce its right to payment out of
the sanction money was required to pursue its claim in this case.
In March 2013, Veritext assigned its judgment against Suojanen, and all
rights associated with that judgment, to USA.
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The case was bifurcated into several phases and in July 2013, the trial court
tried the issues of the validity of Strong’s and Reed’s liens, and the priority of all the liens
filed. As to priority, the court ruled the Veritext lien, then owned by USA, was in first
place. The court also ruled that the issue of USA’s right to attorney fees would be
handled by motion.
By stipulation of the parties, USA’s motion for the fees and costs it
incurred in this case to enforce its judgment against Suojanen was adjudicated in this
case, rather than in the underlying collection case in which Veritext’s judgment was
obtained. The court noted the amount and reasonableness of the fees were not in dispute,
only USA’s entitlement to recover them. Suojanen argued, based on Slates, that because
he did not name Veritext in his complaint, and its successor USA became involved in the
litigation only because Veritext was named in cross-complaints filed by competing
claimants, he cannot be held responsible for USA’s fees and costs. The trial court
rejected that argument and awarded USA $79,586 in attorney fees, plus $1,922.26 in
costs.
On October 22, 2013, the trial court ordered all parties to appear in court on
November 1, 2013 “if there is still a dispute regarding the second amended proposed
order” for distribution of the funds held by the court.
On October 31, 2013, Strong filed a notice of judgment lien specifying that
a money judgment was entered on June 27, 2007, in favor of “Lexis-Nexis Group, a Div.
of Reed Elsevier, Inc.” in the case of Lexis-Nexis v. Suojanen (Super. Ct. Orange County,
2013, No. 06HL04537). In that notice, Strong identified herself as the “lien claimant” in
her capacity as “Assignee of Lexis-Nexis,” but included no evidence supporting that
claimed assignment.
The parties appeared in court on November 1, and all agreed to the court’s
disbursement of $81,490.23 to USA. Strong registered her opposition to any release of
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funds to Suojanen. On November 19, the court issued its final order. The order specified
that the $109,365.19 held by the court, plus the $6,500 held in the trust account of
attorney Paul Majors “shall be disbursed to the Law Office of Michael G. York, client
trust account.” And “[u]pon the receipt of the funds being held by the court,” York “shall
pay from the trust account the $81,490.23” to USA, and “[t]he balance of the funds . . .
shall be held by [York] in a fiduciary capacity and subject to any liens.”
DISCUSSION
1. Jurisdiction
Respondent Strong challenges this court’s jurisdiction to adjudicate
Suojanen’s appeal. Her argument borders on frivolous. What Strong asserts is that
because USA was made a party to the litigation solely in the capacity of cross-defendant,
by virtue of the cross-complaints filed by herself and Reed, the subsequent dismissal of
those cross-complaints somehow placed USA’s fee award against Suojanen beyond the
power of this court to review. As Strong explains it: “Because Suojanen never sued
Veritext/USA, Suojanen had no right to hold Veritext/USA in this action beyond its
dismissal dates. That is how litigation – at its most basic level – works. The court has
jurisdiction over the dispute only until the parties who sued each other either work it out,
or there is a final judgment between the parties who sued each other.” In Strong’s view,
“Suojanen is now asking this Court to allow him to prosecute someone else’s cross-
complaint (i.e., Strong’s) even after that party had fully and finally dismissed it against
Veritext/USA. No can do.”
Not surprisingly, Strong has cited no authority to support her argument.
The basic concept Strong has failed to grasp is that USA’s right to an award of attorney
fees and costs against Suojanen is not an issue she – or Reed – “sued” USA for in their
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cross-complaints. Those cross-complaints may have been the trigger that required USA
to incur fees in this litigation, but they are not the source of USA’s right to those fees.
USA’s right to recover attorney fees and costs against Suojanen arises out
of its status as a judgment creditor and the remedy granted to it by section 685.040. USA
exercised that right by filing a motion with the trial court. The court ruled on the motion
and Suojanen filed a timely appeal challenging the propriety of ruling. We have
jurisdiction to decide such appeals. That is how litigation – at its most basic level –
works.
2. Waiver of Appeal
Both USA and Strong also argue that Suojanen waived his right to appeal
the fee and cost award because he stipulated to the court’s order disbursing the funds it
had held during the pendency of the litigation, which included a provision specifying that
USA would be paid $81,490.23. The argument is not persuasive.
By stipulating to the court’s disbursement of the funds it held, Suojanen
was merely acknowledging that the proposed distribution was in accordance with the trial
court’s rulings in the case. He was not necessarily agreeing to the correctness of those
rulings, nor was he acting in a manner inconsistent with the exercise of his right to
appeal. Instead, Suojanen was acting in a manner indistinguishable from a party who
voluntarily pays a judgment to avoid incurring interest pending an appeal. And while “a
waiver will be implied where there is voluntary compliance with a judgment, as when the
judgment debtor satisfies the judgment by making payment to the prevailing party under
its terms,” such a waiver “occurs only where the compliance was ‘. . . by way of
compromise or with an agreement not to take or prosecute an appeal.’” (Lee v. Brown
(1976) 18 Cal.3d. 110, 115.) Otherwise, “‘payment of a judgment must be regarded as
compulsory, and therefore as not releasing errors, nor depriving the payor of his right to
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appeal.” (Reitano v. Yankwich (1951) 38 Cal. 2d 1, 4.) Because Suojanen’s stipulation to
disbursement operated, at most, like a voluntary payment of a judgment, and there is no
evidence that his doing so was part of a compromise or agreement to waive his right to
appeal, it does not demonstrate any such waiver.
Alternatively, respondents argue Suojanen waived his right to appeal
because the order disbursing the funds to USA also benefitted him, by specifying that the
funds remaining after USA’s payment “shall be held by the Law Office of Michael G.
York [Suojanen’s attorney] in a fiduciary capacity and subject to any liens.” Again we
disagree. “[A]s a general proposition, one who accepts the benefits of a judgment cannot
thereafter attack the judgment by appeal. . . . ‘The right to accept the fruits of a
judgment, and the right of appeal therefrom are not concurrent. On the contrary, they are
totally inconsistent. An election to take one of these courses is, therefor, a renunciation of
the other.’” (Lee v. Brown, supra, 18 Cal.3d at p. 114.)
“As is so often the case, however, application of the rule has generated a
number of equitable exceptions. A waiver is not implied, for example, in those cases in
which appellant is concededly entitled to the accepted benefits, and his right to them is
unaffected by the outcome of the case on appeal. [Citation.] Stated another way, one
may appeal from a portion of a severable and independent judgment while accepting the
benefits of the unaffected remainder of the judgment.” (Lee v. Brown, supra, 18 Cal.3d
at p. 115.) This case presents such a severable order. Suojanen’s right to the benefits of
the funds remaining after USA’s payment is unaffected by the outcome of this appeal.
Finally, respondents claim Suojanen impliedly waived his right to appeal
by acquiescing in a characterization of the order awarding fees to USA as a “final order,”
and by not mentioning he planned to appeal that ruling. We reject this claim as well.
The trial court’s minute order awarding fees to USA reflects, on its face, that it was not
final; it expressly instructs USA “to prepare the appropriate order and give notice.”
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(Davis v. Taliaferro (1963) 218 Cal.App.2d. 120; Smith v. Smith (2012) 208 Cal. App. 4th
1074, 1091 [“‘where a formal order is required, a minute order is not appealable’”].) A
party’s mere silent acquiescence to the erroneous characterization of a court order cannot
change the terms of that order. Only the court can do so.
3. The Merits
Section 685.040 allows a judgment creditor to recover from the debtor “the
reasonable and necessary costs of enforcing a judgment. . . . Attorney’s fees incurred in
enforcing a judgment are included as costs collectible under this title if the underlying
judgment includes an award of attorney’s fees to the judgment creditor pursuant to
subparagraph (A) of paragraph (10) of subdivision (a) of Section 1033.5.” In this case, it
is undisputed USA’s judgment included such an award.
However, Suojanen opposed USA’s motion for fees and costs, claiming
that because he did not name USA’s predecessor in his complaint for declaratory relief,
and did not directly challenge the validity or enforceability of its lien, USA’s
participation in this case was limited to establishing the priority of its judgment lien as
against the liens of other claimants to the attorney fee award. Suojanen argued that based
on Slates, such limited participation would not qualify as enforcement of USA’s
judgment, and thus the fees and costs it incurred could not be recovered against him
under section 685.040.
We are not persuaded. In Slates, two different creditors were attempting to
satisfy judgments against the debtors arising out of the same underlying action. It was
undisputed that the debtors had only one asset available to satisfy the judgments, and that
asset was inadequate to satisfy both in full. Consequently, the other creditor sued Slates
to establish the priority of its judgment. Slates incurred fees and costs to defend the
priority of its own judgment, and ultimately prevailed. Slates then filed a claim against
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the debtors to recover those fees and costs under section 685.040. The trial court denied
that claim on the basis the debtors “did not challenge Slates’s judgment against them”
and were “bystanders to the battle between Slates and Ghadrdan over who had priority to
[debtors’] assets.” (Slates, supra, 189 Cal.App.4th at p. 1214.) The court inferred that
when section 685.040 was enacted, “the Legislature envisioned the propriety of an
attorney fee award as turning on the judgment debtor’s postjudgment conduct, with the
Legislature intending that the judgment debtor’s possible liability for postjudgment fees
[would] serve as encouragement for the debtor’s cooperation in satisfying the judgment.”
(Id. at p. 1215.) And because the debtors in Slates had not been uncooperative – they
simply lacked sufficient assets to pay both judgments – the court concluded the statute’s
purpose would not be served by holding them liable for Slates’ fees and costs.
This case is distinguishable from Slates. While Suojanen may not have
named USA’s predecessor,Veritext, as a defendant, it was the substance of his complaint
for declaratory relief that required it be joined as a party in the litigation. Section 389,
subdivision (a), states: “A person who is subject to service of process and whose joinder
will not deprive the court of jurisdiction over the subject matter of the action shall be
joined as a party in the action if (1) in his absence complete relief cannot be accorded
among those already parties or (2) he claims an interest relating to the subject of the
action and is so situated that the disposition of the action in his absence may (i) as a
practical matter impair or impede his ability to protect that interest.” (Italics added.)
Here, the subject matter of Suojanen’s complaint for declaratory relief was
the proper disposition of the remaining attorney fee award to be paid by Novell, and it
placed at issue “the validity of any claims and/or liens against the Attorney Fee Award,
the priority among any claims and/or liens, and the amounts due under any claims and/or
liens.” (Italics added.) Suojanen certainly knew that Veritext claimed an interest in the
attorney fee award, by virtue of its lien. And any disposition of the action without
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including Veritext/USA would – at least as a practical matter – impair USA’s ability to
protect the interest in those funds which was secured by its lien. Given those
circumstances, Veritext (and hence its successor, USA) was a necessary party to the
complaint for declaratory relief.
Because Suojanen was required to name Veritext in his complaint, it is he –
and not the two defendants who effectively cured his error by naming Veritext in their
cross-complaints – who is responsible for bringing it into this lawsuit, and requiring it to
incur fees and costs to participate. Moreover, Veritext/USA was forced to litigate this
matter as an enforcement action, not only because Suojanen’s complaint questioned the
validity of the lien as against the attorney fee award, but because the balance of the
attorney fee award was deposited directly with the trial court in this case, requiring all
claimants that wished to claim a share before distribution to Suojanen, to prove their
entitlement in this action.
And finally, Slates is distinguishable because Suojanen clearly violated the
requirements of what he now characterizes as USA’s undisputed lien when he arranged
with Novell to pre-pay $250,000 of the anticipated sanction amount directly to him in
July 2010, without satisfying this relatively small judgment ($17,500) secured by that
lien. That is not the act of a debtor who is cooperating in the satisfaction of the judgment
against him. At best, his pre-payment arrangement with Novell reflects Suojanen
actually did dispute the validity of the Veritext/USA lien – contrary to what he now
claims – and thus concluded it would not be wrongful to ignore it until forced to do
otherwise. At worst, it reflects an intentional effort to subvert what Suojanen did
recognize as a valid lien.
Having done either of those things, Suojanen cannot claim refuge under
Slates, which contemplated that liability for a claimant’s enforcement costs would “turn[]
on the judgment debtor’s postjudgment conduct, with the . . . judgment debtor’s possible
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liability for postjudgment fees serv[ing] as encouragement for the debtor’s cooperation in
satisfying the judgment.” (Slates, supra, 189 Cal.App.4th at p. 1215.) By his conduct,
Suojanen violated Veritext/USA’s judgment lien and caused them to incur substantial
fees and costs to obtain payment of the judgment against him in this litigation. The court
did not err by holding him responsible for those fees and costs.
4. Requests for Judicial Notice and Motion to Augment
USA asks us to take judicial notice of (1) a memorandum of costs it filed in
the underlying collection case that culminated in its predecessor’s judgment against
Suojanen (Veritext /California Reporting Company, LLC v. Suojanen, et al. (Super. Ct.
Orange County, 2013, No. 6HL05032), reflecting USA’s claim to the fees and costs
ordered by the court in this case on August 27, 2013; and (2) the register of actions in that
underlying case reflecting Suojanen filed no motion to strike that cost memorandum or
tax those claimed fees and costs in that case. USA claims these documents are relevant
to demonstrate Suojanen waived any objection to the inclusion of the claimed costs in the
underlying collection judgment, and thus they became a part of that judgment. He argues
it would undermine the finality of that judgment if we allowed Suojanen to challenge the
fee and cost award included therein, in this appeal. We deny the request because we do
not reach that issue.
Strong has asked us to take judicial notice of an order she obtained in Lexis-
Nexis v. Suojanen (Super. Ct. Orange County, 2014, No. 06HL04537), dated February
27, 2014 – i.e. three months after the disbursement order Suojanen appeals from –
assigning to her (as assignee of plaintiff Lexis-Nexis Group) all of Suojanen’s “right to
payments due, or to become due,” to the extent necessary to collect the full amount of the
judgment in that case. The relevance of this order is unclear, but we infer Strong believes
it would be relevant to demonstrate that if the award of fees and costs to USA were
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reversed in this appeal, any funds returned to the court should be applied to payment of
that judgment. The award is not reversed, and we consequently deny the request.
And finally, Suojanen has moved to augment the record, to include copies
of two pleadings and a hearing transcript that were omitted from the record he
designated. We deny that motion as untimely because as USA points out, all briefing
was already completed when the motion was filed.
DISPOSITION
The order is affirmed. Respondent USA is to recover its costs on appeal.
No costs are awarded to respondent Strong.
RYLAARSDAM, ACTING P. J.
WE CONCUR:
MOORE, J.
ARONSON, J.
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