Crawford v. JPMorgan Chase Bank CA4/1 ( 2013 )

Filed 3/27/13 Crawford v. JPMorgan Chase Bank CA4/1
NOT TO BE PUBLISHED IN OFFICIAL REPORTS
California Rules of Court, rule 8.1115(a), prohibits courts and parties from citing or relying on opinions not certified for
publication or ordered published, except as specified by rule 8.1115(b). This opinion has not been certified for publication
or ordered published for purposes of rule 8.1115.
COURT OF APPEAL, FOURTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
DIVISION ONE
STATE OF CALIFORNIA
DOUGLAS J. CRAWFORD, D061854
Plaintiff and Appellant,
v. (Super. Ct. No. 37-2011-00151958-
PR-OR-CTL)
JPMORGAN CHASE BANK et al.,
Defendants and Respondents.
APPEAL from an order of the Superior Court of San Diego County, Julia C.
Kelety, Judge. Affirmed.
This action was instituted in propria persona by plaintiff Douglas J. Crawford
(Crawford) on behalf of himself and as attorney for his mother, Ninon Crawford
(Ninon),1 to compel defendants JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. (Chase), Chase Investment
Services Corp. (CISC), and their employees, defendants Sherri Kohli, Richard B. Davis
and Melissa Griffin (collectively defendants) to honor the authority of Crawford as
1 Because Douglas Crawford and his mother, Ninon, share the same last name, in
the interests of clarity we refer to her by her first name. We intend no disrespect.
attorney-in-fact for Ninon, under a power of attorney executed by Ninon to control her
bank accounts.
In response, defendants brought a motion to change venue to the Superior Court of
Ventura County based upon the fact that county was where Ninon resided. In its tentative
ruling, the court granted the motion and imposed sanctions in the amount of $11,802
based upon Crawford's conduct in opposing the motion whereby he "intentionally
obfuscated" his mother Ninon's current residence.
At the hearing on the motion, Crawford for the first time informed the court that
his mother, Ninon, had passed away. Based upon this disclosure, the court ruled that the
motion to transfer venue was moot, but affirmed its tentative ruling imposing sanctions
on Crawford in the amount of $11,802.
On appeal, Crawford asserts (1) the action abated upon Ninon's death resulting in
an "instantaneous and absolute revocation" of the court's jurisdiction to award sanctions,
(2) defendants needed to demonstrate Crawford's venue selection was not proper under
any ground, (3) at the time of the filing of the action Ninon was a resident of San
Francisco County, (4) Ninon's intent became her agent's intent with regard to residency,
(5) he had the authority to change venue to San Diego for litigation purposes, (6) the
court had no jurisdiction to award attorney fees without granting the motion to transfer,
(7) the court abused its discretion by awarding attorney fees, (8) upon Ninon's death he
had no power to notify the court or act on Ninon's behalf, and (9) upon Ninon's death he
could no longer be sanctioned as her attorney.
2
Defendants in turn have requested that we impose sanctions against Crawford for
filing a frivolous appeal and his "intentional misrepresentations to this reviewing court."
We affirm the court's award of sanctions and also impose sanctions against
Crawford in the amount of $14,500.
FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND
A. Ninon's Banking Relationship with Defendants
Ninon was a bank customer of Chase and an investment client of CISC.
Defendants Kohli, Davis and Griffin were employees of Chase and CISC. Ninon's bank
accounts were opened and maintained at the Ventura branch of Chase. CISC provided
investment services to Ninon at its Ventura branch. Ninon's bank records listed her
residence as "1171 Cornwall Lane, Ventura, California." CISC's records list the same
Ventura, California residence address for Ninon.
B. Petition To Compel Third Party To Honor Authority of Attorney-in-Fact
In August 2011 Crawford filed a verified petition in the Superior Court of San
Diego County pursuant to Probate Code section 4406 (all further undesignated statutory
references are to the Probate Code). The petition alleged that Crawford is a resident of
San Diego County and that "(v)enue is NOT proper in Ventura County because, at the
time of filing this petition, the principal, Ninon T. Crawford, is NOT a resident of
Ventura County."
The petition alleges that on June 25, 2011, Crawford was appointed as attorney-in-
fact for Ninon pursuant to a power of attorney, which was attached to the petition as
exhibit A and which it was alleged was "validly and competently executed by [Ninon] on
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June 25, 2011." The petition states that Ninon held funds on deposit with Chase, that
Crawford, "as attorney-in-fact, has demanded withdrawal of said funds" and that
"[defendants] Sherrie Kohli, Richard B. Davis, and Melissa A. Griffin are all individuals
that [sic] refuse to acknowledge the validity of the Power of Attorney that is the subject
of this action."
The petition alleges that defendants refused to provide Crawford any information
regarding the accounts and that the "refusal to honor Petitioner's authority as attorney-in-
fact is not done in good faith." Crawford also states in the petition that "[defendants']
sole factual and legal basis for refusing to honor Petitioner's Power of Attorney form is
the criminal complaint filed against [defendants] with the appropriate law enforcement
agencies."
The petition prays for an order "[d]irecting [defendant] to honor Petitioner's
authority as attorney-in-fact for the Principal, Ninon T. Crawford," to remit all funds of
Ninon to the alternate attorney-in-fact, Christopher J. Crawford, to provide a monthly
accounting of all bank accounts, to award attorney fees and costs, and for "punitive or
exemplary damages for the despicable conduct caused by [defendants]."
C. Defendants' Motion To Transfer Venue to Ventura County
As noted, ante, Ninon's bank records listed her residence as "1171 Cornwall Lane,
Ventura, California." However, in a letter dated July 9, 2011, Crawford advised
defendants that: "On June 16, 2011, my mother, Ninon T. Crawford, suffered a stroke.
She was hospitalized in Ventura and is now recovery [sic] in a rehabilitation facility in
San Francisco." Thereafter, on July 20, 2011, Crawford sent an e-mail to defendants'
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counsel that stated: "Under Probate Code section 4523, venue is proper [in]: 1) the
county in which the principal resides (Ventura & San Francisco) . . . ." In an e-mail sent
the next day Crawford again advised counsel for defendants "my mother currently resides
in two separate counties: Ventura & San Francisco . . . ."
Counsel for defendants had several communications with Crawford prior to the
filing of the petition, wherein defendants repeatedly advised him that, under section 4523,
Ventura County was the proper venue for the petition because Ninon was a resident of
Ventura County. Crawford was also advised before filing the petition that defendants
would bring a motion to transfer venue if the petition were filed in San Diego County.
Upon receipt of the petition, defendants again requested that Crawford transfer
venue to Ventura County. He refused the request and, on September 15, 2011,
defendants filed their motion to transfer venue pursuant to Probate Code section 4523 and
Code of Civil Procedure section 395, subdivision (a).
D. Crawford's Failure To Advise the Court of Ninon's Death
On October 20, 2011, Crawford filed his opposition to the motion to transfer.
Ninon died 11 days later on November 1, 2011. As noted, ante, Crawford did not
disclose her death to the court or defendants until the January 17, 2012 hearing on the
motion to transfer. Instead, notwithstanding that Ninon's death terminated all authority
under the power of attorney, thereby rendering the power of attorney moot,2 Crawford
continued to prosecute the petition by propounding written discovery, noticing the
2 Pursuant to section 4152, subdivision (a)(4), the authority of an attorney-in-fact is
terminated upon the death of the principal.
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depositions of Chase and CISC, and requiring that the parties engage in "meet and
confer" communications.
Crawford also did not disclose Ninon's death to the court in an ex parte application
he filed on January 9, 2012, eight days prior to the hearing on the motion to transfer
hearing. Not only did the ex parte application fail to mention Ninon's death more than
two months prior, its wording implied that she was still alive. For example, Crawford
stated in the ex parte application that "Petitioner's true name is . . . ." , that petitioner "will
never return to Ventura County", "[p]etitioner has come to Court to resolve a simple
dispute . . . .", and that "[i]f there is a problem with Petitioner . . . then the Court needs to
have a modicum of integrity and decency and admit as much and disqualify from any
further participation." !CT 159:18-22)!
E. Court's Tentative Ruling
On January 17, 2012, the court issued a tentative ruling on the motion to transfer.
The tentative ruling stated that "it is clear that venue is improper in San Diego County
and the case must be transferred" and that "Ventura County is the proper county for
venue." With respect to defendants' request for sanctions, the court stated it "concludes
that Mr. Crawford's selection of venue was not made in good faith" and that "Mr.
Crawford appears to have intentionally obfuscated the actual whereabouts of Mrs.
Crawford and her current status, effectively 'hiding the ball' and making it difficult for the
moving party (and the court) to analyze whether Mrs. Crawford's residence had changed
from Ventura. Accordingly, the court will grant the request for sanctions . . . the court
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orders that Mr. Crawford pay to the moving party the sum of $11,802. The case is
ordered transferred forthwith."
F. Hearing on Motion To Transfer
At the hearing on the motion to transfer, Crawford informed the court for the first
time that Ninon died on November 1, 2011, and that he had filed Ninon's death certificate
and a request for dismissal. At the hearing, Crawford stated that he had presented a
request for dismissal to the clerk's office and asserted the court was therefore without
jurisdiction to rule on the motion to transfer or award sanctions against him.
Following oral argument, the court directed Crawford and defendants to file briefs
addressing whether the request for dismissal was proper, and the court's jurisdiction to
rule on the motion to transfer.
G. Court's Ruling
On April 13, 2012, following the supplemental briefing by the parties, the court
issued its ruling on the motion to transfer and the request for sanctions. The ruling states
in part: "Now being appraised [sic] of the death of Ms. Crawford, the court concludes
that much of the court's tentative decision is rendered moot. Although the court stands by
its reasoning as set forth in the tentative, it is no longer appropriate to transfer the action
to another county. [¶] However, the court's findings and order with regard to sanctions
are not moot. Ms. Crawford, the principal, was alive when the petition . . . was filed on
August 11, 2011. The defects in venue existed at that time. There never were any facts
suggesting that venue belonged in San Diego County, which would have been well
known to the principal's attorney (and son), CRAWFORD. Further, the court concluded
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that Mr. Crawford appears to have intentionally obfuscated the actual whereabouts of
Mrs. Crawford and her current status, effectively "hiding the ball" and making it difficult
for the moving party (and the court) to analyze whether Mrs. Crawford's residence had
changed from Ventura.' Certainly the failure to timely disclose Mrs. Crawford's death
confirms the court's conclusion that CRAWFORD intentionally obfuscated her 'current
status.' Accordingly, the court finds by clear and convincing evidence that
CRAWFORD's choice of venue in San Diego was not made in good faith.
CRAWFORD's behavior throughout this litigation has been unreasonable and with the
apparent intent to cause the maximum inconvenience to the court and opposing counsel.
Such conduct is not worthy of an officer of the court. [¶] Thus, the court confirms so
much of the tentative as was necessary to rule on the Motion for reasonable expenses and
fees incurred in making the motion to transfer, pursuant to [Code of Civil Procedure
section] 396b[, subdivision] (b)."
DISCUSSION
I. STANDARD OF REVIEW
The issue of whether a trial court has personal jurisdiction or subject matter
jurisdiction raises questions of law, which we review de novo on appeal. (Thomson v.
Anderson (2003) 113 Cal.App.4th 258, 266; Robbins v. Foothill Nissan (1994) 22
Cal.App.4th 1769, 1774.)
The issue of whether attorney fees are properly awarded as sanctions, and the
amount of sanctions imposed, are within the lower court's discretion and, therefore,
reviewed under the abuse of discretion standard. (In re Marriage of Davenport (2011)
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194 Cal.App.4th 1507, 1524.) Discretion is abused only when the trial court's ruling
"exceeds the bounds of reason, all of the circumstances before it being considered."
(Denham v. Superior Court (1970) 2 Cal.3d 557, 566.) "'"(U)nless a clear case of abuse
is shown and unless there has been a miscarriage of justice a reviewing court will not
substitute its opinion and thereby divest the trial court of its discretionary power.
[Citations.] The burden is on the party complaining to establish an abuse of discretion."'"
(Blank v. Kirwan (1985) 39 Cal.3d 311, 331.)
II. ANALYSIS
A. Court's Jurisdiction To Order Crawford To Pay Defendants' Fees and Costs
On appeal, Crawford contends that his Ninon's death acted as an "instantaneous
and absolute revocation" of the Court's jurisdiction to act in the case. This contention is
unavailing.
While the death of the principal terminates the authority of an attorney-in-fact
under a power of attorney under section 4152, subdivision (a), as we shall explain, the
principal's death does not revoke the court's jurisdiction to award attorney fees.
"Where a cause of action is within the general jurisdiction of a court, the voluntary
appearance of the parties and submission of the cause on its merits confers jurisdiction to
try the issues presented." (Rio Vista Mining Co. v. Superior Court (1921) 187 Cal. 1, 5.)
Moreover, "[j]urisdiction once acquired is not defeated by subsequent events which
might have prevented jurisdiction had they occurred before personal service of the action
was made." (Maloney v. Maloney (1944) 67 Cal.App.2d 278, 280 (Maloney); see also
Goldman v. Simpson (2008) 160 Cal.App.4th 255, 264.)
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For example, in Maloney, supra, 67 Cal.App.2d 278, the husband filed a petition
for divorce, the wife was thereafter given custody of the children, and the husband was
required to pay them support. At the time of the order neither he nor the children were in
California because, after filing the petition, he moved to Nevada. (Id. at p. 279.) The
husband asserted that the court was without jurisdiction to award custody to his ex-wife
because the children were not in California at the time that order was made. (Id. at pp.
279-280.)
The Court of Appeal rejected this contention: "When the action was commenced
by plaintiff the children were in California under the joint control of their parents. By his
very act in commencing the action plaintiff submitted not only himself to the jurisdiction
of the court but also the res, that is, his status as husband and as father. The court
thereafter had the power to enter an effective judgment for him or against him, in
personam, relative to any substantial allegation of the pleadings. Neither the mere
physical departure of himself nor that of the children from California in the least altered
the jurisdiction of the court completely to determine the controversy which he had lithely
initiated." (Maloney, supra, 67 Cal.App.2d at p. 280.)
As Code of Civil Procedure section 410.50, subdivision (b) states: "Jurisdiction of
the court over the parties and the subject matter of an action continues throughout
subsequent proceedings in the action."
Thus, upon Crawford's filing of the petition, the trial court obtained jurisdiction
over Crawford and his mother, Ninon. Upon defendants filing their motion to transfer,
the court obtained jurisdiction over the defendants. And, once obtained, the court's
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jurisdiction continued throughout subsequent proceedings in the action, notwithstanding
Ninon's death.
Crawford cites several cases in support of his contention that the lower court
lacked jurisdiction to impose sanctions. None, however, support his position. Paul v.
Milk Depots, Inc. (1964) 62 Cal.2d 129 only held that appellate courts need not address
the merits of an appeal where events which occur subsequent to filing the appeal render
the underlying action moot. In Milk Depots, the California Supreme Court held the
appeal there was moot when, while the appeal was pending, a milk distributer which
allegedly violated a state pricing regulation went out of business and the regulation was
changed so that the milk distributer would not have been in violation had it continued
operations. (Id. at p. 134.)
Turner v. Markham (1909) 156 Cal. 68, 69-70, which is also cited in Crawford's
opening brief, stands for the same proposition. In Turner, an appeal of an order directing
the turnover of assets to satisfy a judgment was rendered moot and dismissed as "a matter
of indifference to the parties" because the underlying judgment was reversed in a
companion appeal. There, our high court held "[t]he proceedings to enforce the judgment
must fall with the judgment itself. . . . [¶] . . . The mere fact that liability for costs of
appeal may be involved does not affect this conclusion." (Id. at p. 69.)
In re Estate of Blythe (1895) 108 Cal. 124, 128 and Leroy v. Bella Vista Inv. Co.
(1963) 222 Cal.App.2d 369, 378, similarly hold that an appeal will be dismissed,
notwithstanding a claim for costs, "'"where all the questions involved in it have become
moot and abstract or where, because of the happening of some event, a decision would be
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ineffectual and could serve no useful purpose."'" (Leroy, supra, 222 Cal.App.2d at p.
378.)
None of these cases address the continuing jurisdiction of the superior court and
therefore have no application here.
Nor do any of the other cases cited in Crawford's opening brief stand for the
proposition that Ninon's death terminated the lower court's jurisdiction. Jay v. Dollarhide
(1970) 3 Cal.App.3d 1001, Charles B. Webster Real Estate v. Rickard (1971) 21
Cal.App.3d 612, Lombardo v. Santa Monica Young Men's Christian Ass'n (1985) 169
Cal.App.3d 529 all address the termination of authority under a power of attorney or
agency agreement upon the death of the principal. Neither party disputes the fact that
when Ninon passed away, any authority under the power of attorney ceased. However,
the termination of Crawford's authority did not terminate the lower court's jurisdiction.
Summers v. Superior Court (1959) 53 Cal.2d 295, 297-298, holds that the superior
court has no jurisdiction to rule on a contract dispute between a litigant and a court
reporter because no action was before the court relating to the dispute. County of Los
Angeles v. Superior Court (1999) 21 Cal.4th 292, 303-304 and Sullivan v. Delta Air
Lines, Inc. (1997) 15 Cal.4th 288, 292 only address whether a decedent's representative
may seek damages for the decedent's pain and suffering in a survival action for wrongful
death.
B. Venue
Although the court found that the motion to transfer venue to Ventura County was
rendered moot by the death of Ninon, on this appeal, Crawford continues to assert that
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Ninon's residence was in San Francisco and that venue was proper in San Diego. Even if
we were to reach this contention on the merits, which we need not because the issue is
moot, we would conclude that it lacks merit.
Section 4541, subdivision (f) authorizes a petition to be filed for the purpose of
"(c)ompelling a third person to honor the authority of an attorney-in-fact" as Crawford
did here. Section 4523 sets forth the priority for venue for such a petition as follows:
"The proper county for commencement of a proceeding under this division shall be
determined in the following order of priority: [¶] (a) The county in which the principal
resides. [¶] (b) The county in which the attorney-in-fact resides. [¶] (c) A county in
which property subject to the power of attorney is located. [¶] (d) Any other county that
is in the principal's best interest." (Italics added.)
As detailed, ante, the evidence submitted by defendants established that at the time
of the filing of the petition, and the motion to transfer, Ninon resided in Ventura County.
The documents she provided to Chase and CISC all listed her residence address as 1171
Cornwall Lane, Ventura, California. The power of attorney itself states that Ninon
resided at 1171 Cornwall Lane, Ventura, California.
Prior to the filing of the petition, Crawford informed defendants' counsel that his
mother was recovering in a rehabilitation facility in San Francisco which was the basis
for his statement that she resides in both Ventura and San Francisco. However, merely
being in San Francisco to receive medical care does not establish that Ninon was a
resident of San Francisco. "One who is merely stopping over at a place in a hotel, motel,
rooming house, or who is vacationing is not a resident. [Citation.] A residence is
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established by personal presence in a fixed and permanent abode, with the intent of
remaining there. [Citation.] The fundamental elements necessary to create a residence
in a particular place are actual bodily presence in the place combined with a freely
exercised intention of remaining there permanently or for an indefinite time[] [citation]
without any present intention to remove from the same." (Enter v. Crutcher (1958) 159
Cal.App.2d Supp. 841, 845, italics added.)
Crawford's contention that the power of attorney granted him the authority to
change Ninon's residence to San Diego for "litigation purposes" is also unavailing. The
power of attorney did not grant such authority. The powers granted were specifically
stated as: "To act as my attorney-in-fact in any lawful way on all matters pertaining to
the handling of my estate, financial transactions, investment transactions, insurance and
annuity transactions, real property sales, tangible personal property transactions, banking
and other financial institutions transactions, claims and litigation, personal and family
maintenance, benefits from Social Security, Medicare, Medicaid, or other government
programs, and tax matters." The power of attorney does not mention any power to
relocate the principal's residence for "litigation purposes."
Crawford contends that section 4452, subdivision (d)(4) authorizes the attorney-in-
fact pursuant to a power of attorney to move "from place to place." However, section
4452, subdivision (d)(4) only describes powers relating to "tangible personal property" of
the principal, not the principal herself.
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C. The Award of Attorney Fees
Crawford asserts that the court erred in awarding attorney fees to defendants
because (1) it had no jurisdiction to award fees without granting the motion to transfer,
(2) section 4523 has never been interpreted and even the California Supreme Court "has
admitted that that the definition of 'residence' is obscure and elusive", and (3) after
Ninon's death he had no power to act on her behalf and represent her as her attorney. We
reject these contentions.
Code of Civil Procedure section 396b, subdivision (b) authorizes a court to order
payment to the prevailing party expenses and attorney fees incurred in making a motion
to transfer: "In its discretion, the court may order the payment to the prevailing party of
reasonable expenses and attorney's fees incurred in making or resisting the motion to
transfer whether or not that party is otherwise entitled to recover his or her costs of
action. In determining whether that order for expenses and fees shall be made, the court
shall take into consideration (1) whether an offer to stipulate to change of venue was
reasonably made and rejected, and (2) whether the motion or selection of venue was
made in good faith given the facts and law the party making the motion or selecting the
venue knew or should have known. As between the party and his or her attorney, those
expenses and fees shall be the personal liability of the attorney not chargeable to the
party." (Italics added.)
As detailed, ante, Crawford had multiple communications with defendants'
counsel prior to filing the petition wherein counsel advised Crawford that Ventura
County was the proper venue for the petition because Ninon resided in Ventura County.
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Crawford was also advised before filing the petition that defendants would bring a
motion to transfer venue if the petition were filed in San Diego County. Crawford knew
his mother resided in Ventura County and so advised the Superior Court of Ventura
County in a sworn declaration.3 After filing the petition, Crawford was requested to
stipulate to transfer venue to Ventura County. Mr. Crawford refused to do so, thereby
necessitating the motion to transfer venue.
Crawford argues that upon the death of his mother, he "had no power to notify the
Court or act on Appellant N's behalf." However, after her death, Crawford continued to
initiate discovery, filed an ex parte application and, indeed, continues to represent
Crawford in this appeal as "Appellant N." Nothing prevented Crawford from advising
the court and defendants' counsel of Ninon's death. In fact, as the court noted in its
ruling, as an officer of the court, he was ethically required to do so.
The court acted well within its discretion, given all these facts, in finding
Crawford's venue selection was not made in good faith. As such, the award of attorney
fees and costs pursuant to Code of Civil Procedure section 396b, subdivision (b) was
reasonable and appropriate.
3 Chase has requested that we take judicial notice of Crawford's petition for probate
and order for probate filed with the Superior Court of Ventura County. We grant Chase's
request.
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D. Defendants' Request for Sanctions on this Appeal
Defendants assert that sanctions are warranted against Crawford for bringing a
frivolous appeal and making continued misrepresentations to this court. We conclude
that sanctions are warranted in this matter.
Code of Civil Procedure section 907 provides: "When it appears to the reviewing
court that the appeal was frivolous or taken solely for delay, it may add to the costs on
appeal such damages as may be just." California Rules of Court, rule 8.276 similarly
provides: "On motion of a party or its own motion, a Court of Appeal may impose
sanctions . . . on a party or an attorney for: [¶] (1) taking a frivolous appeal or appealing
solely to cause delay."
Defendants assert this appeal is frivolous, entirely without merit, and was filed by
Crawford solely to delay enforcement of the ruling requiring him to pay $11,802 in
sanctions. They note that the opening brief cites numerous cases that are irrelevant to the
issue presented in this case—whether the lower court had jurisdiction to issue the ruling
granting sanctions. Defendants also point out that on this appeal, Crawford continues to
contend that Ninon "never legally resided in Ventura County because [Ninon] never
established the intent to reside in Ventura County" and that Ninon "was never a resident
of Ventura at all because she never possessed the requisite intent to remain."
It also should be noted that in his briefing, Crawford purports to be acting as his
mother Ninon's attorney. However, a review of his State Bar records indicates he is on
inactive status, thereby rendering him unable to practice law.
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In supplemental briefing, Crawford notes that a party's request for sanctions must
be made by a separately filed motion filed no later that 10 days after the appellant's reply
brief is due. (Cal. Rules of COurt, rule 8.276(b)(1); FEI Enterprises, Inc. v. Yoon (2011)
194 Cal.App.4th 790, 807.) Chase did not file such a motion.
However, we may impose sanctions on our own motion, so long as notice is given
that sanctions may be imposed, the appellant is given an opportunity to respond, and the
appellant is afforded a hearing on the issue of sanctions. (Cal. Rules of Court, rule
8.276(b).)
All these protections were afforded to Crawford. By letters dated February 26,
2013 and March 4, 2013, we notified Crawford of Chase's request for sanctions and gave
Crawford the opportunity to respond. Crawford did so in his supplemental brief, referred
to, ante. At oral argument in this matter Crawford was afforded the opportunity to argue
the issue of sanctions.
We order that Crawford pay sanctions to Chase in the amount of $14,500.
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DISPOSITION
The order awarding defendants sanctions is affirmed. Further, Chase shall be
awarded $14,500 in sanctions and shall recover its costs on appeal.
NARES, J.
WE CONCUR:
BENKE, Acting P. J.
McINTYRE, J.
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