In re Hayley P. CA2/4 ( 2021 )


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  • Filed 12/21/21 In re Hayley P. CA2/4
    NOT TO BE PUBLISHED IN THE OFFICIAL REPORTS
    California Rules of Court, rule 8.1115(a), prohibits courts and parties from citing or relying on opinions not certified for
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    or ordered published for purposes of rule 8.1115.
    IN THE COURT OF APPEAL OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA
    SECOND APPELLATE DISTRICT
    DIVISION FOUR
    In re HAYLEY P. et al.,                                            B310953
    (Los Angeles County
    Persons Coming Under the                                            Super. Ct. Nos. 20CCJP06805A,
    Juvenile Court Law.                                                 20CCJP06805B)
    LOS ANGELES COUNTY
    DEPARTMENT OF CHILDREN
    AND FAMILY SERVICES,
    Plaintiff and Respondent,
    v.
    A.F. et al.,
    Defendants and Appellants.
    APPEAL from orders of the Superior Court for Los Angeles
    County, Michael Abzug, Judge. Affirmed.
    Nicole Williams, under appointment by the Court of Appeal, for
    Defendant and Appellant A.F.
    Jacques Alexander Love, under appointment by the Court of
    Appeal, for Defendant and Appellant T.P.
    Rodrigo A. Castro-Silva, County Counsel, Kim Nemoy, Assistant
    County Counsel, and Kimberly Roura, Senior Deputy County Counsel,
    for Plaintiff and Respondent.
    A.F. (mother) and T.P. (father) appeal from the juvenile court’s
    jurisdiction orders regarding their daughters Hayley P. and Madison P.,
    on the ground there was insufficient evidence to support the court’s
    findings that their daughters were persons described by Welfare and
    Institutions Code 1 section 300, subdivisions (a), (b), and (j). We
    conclude that substantial evidence supports the juvenile court’s
    findings, and affirm the orders as to both children.
    BACKGROUND
    A.   The Referral and Initial Investigation
    On December 23, 2020, the Los Angeles County Department of
    Children and Family Services (the Department) received a referral
    regarding Hayley, who was 16 years old. The reporting party stated
    that Hayley had been transported by sheriff’s deputies to the emergency
    room at Harbor UCLA Medical Center on a 5585 hold for being a
    danger to others. The reporting party stated that Hayley was
    interviewed by the emergency room pediatrician, Dr. Warren. Hayley
    told Dr. Warren that the previous day she was involved in a verbal
    argument with mother over a cell phone, and that the argument turned
    1     Further undesignated statutory references are to the Welfare and
    Institutions Code.
    2
    into a physical fight. She said that mother hit her with her hands
    several times. Hayley said she was afraid of mother and ran away that
    night, but she returned the next morning. When she returned, the fight
    continued. She said that mother kicked her in the stomach, and then
    father joined in, punching her with a closed fist. Hayley said she fought
    back by hitting father and biting mother to get away from them.
    Hayley also told Dr. Warren that the physical abuse by her parents was
    ongoing on a monthly basis; she said, however, that Madison, her eight-
    year-old sister, was not hit or hurt by their parents.
    Dr. Warren examined Hayley, and wrote in her chart that she had
    multiple bruises on her body that were consistent with her story of
    being physically assaulted by mother and father. Hayley also was
    assessed by a psychiatrist, who removed the 5585 hold and cleared her
    to be discharged. Hayley denied being afraid of returning home, but
    said that “she would like for ‘things’ to change in the home with her
    parents.”
    Later that day, a social worker from the Department interviewed
    Hayley in the emergency room, and asked her how she got there.
    Hayley told her that she had run away from home at around 10:00 p.m.
    the previous night after she and mother “got into it” because Hayley
    had been “hanging out” with her friends. Hayley said that mother
    “whooped” her with a belt, so Hayley left and stayed at her boyfriend’s
    house. When she went back home at 7:00 a.m. the next morning, father
    got out of his car as soon as she stepped on the grass and pushed her
    into the grass. Hayley was able to get into the house, where father
    pushed her into the couch and on the floor, and hit her on the head.
    3
    She said that she “put [her] hands on him” because he kept putting his
    finger in her face, and then he left the house. Hayley went to get her
    phone, which mother had taken from her. She grabbed the phone and
    ran to the bathroom. She said that mother went after her, breaking
    down the door. Mother pulled her hair, hit her in her head, and
    dragged her while trying to take Hayley’s phone away; Hayley fought
    back. Hayley then left, and father followed her in his car, telling her to
    get in the car. Hayley went to the security gate instead and called the
    police. Hayley said that when the police arrived they questioned her
    and had her transported by ambulance to the hospital. Hayley told the
    social worker that a week and a half before this incident she had been
    in the hospital on a 72-hour hold. She said it was because she and
    mother got into another argument, and mother said she was out of
    control.2
    When asked to describe her parents, Hayley said mother “can be
    very cool but when she feels she’s being disrespected she will try to
    resolve that by discipline.” She said that father was an alcoholic and
    “really mean.” She said her parents disciplined her by taking her phone
    or hitting or beating her with a belt; she said that mother hit her with a
    belt during the incident the previous day. She also told the social
    worker that her sister Madison was not physically disciplined, and that
    her parents only take Madison’s phone away when they discipline her.
    Hayley said her only worry about going home was that she would “just
    2     Hayley contracted COVID-19 during that earlier hospital stay. She
    tested positive for the disease when she was admitted for the current stay;
    she said she did not feel sick, but her body ached.
    4
    get beat again,” although she thought her parents would not do that
    now that the Department is involved. When asked why she had not
    told anyone about the beatings before, Hayley said her parents told her
    that “this was how [she] should be disciplined because [she had] a smart
    mouth.” She indicated that father did not usually hit her, but that
    mother did, and said it had been going on for a year or two.
    After leaving the hospital, the social worker spoke with a sheriff’s
    deputy, who provided her with information from the report filed by the
    deputies who had responded to Hayley’s 911 call. According to the
    deputy, the report stated that Hayley had some behavioral issues, such
    as sneaking out of the home at night and sneaking her boyfriend into
    the home. The report also stated that Hayley bit her mother during an
    altercation because she wanted her phone back. In addition, the report
    stated that the responding deputy spoke with Madison, who said she
    did not witness Hayley being assaulted by her parents, but only saw
    Hayley being held down. Madison also told the deputy that she had
    never seen her parents hit Hayley before.
    The social worker then spoke with mother and father. Mother
    denied Hayley’s account of what happened. She told the social worker
    that Hayley wanted her phone back and when mother told her no, “we
    got into it.” Hayley tried to take the phone, but when she could not get
    it she left the house, at around 9:00 or 10:00 p.m. on December 22. She
    came back at around 8:00 a.m. the next morning and “went on one.”
    Mother and father tried to talk to her, but “she acted like she couldn’t
    listen.” Mother said that father never hit Hayley, although “he threw
    her off of him” and then left the house. Mother said that she was on the
    5
    phone with her mother (the maternal grandmother, or MGM), and
    Hayley was yelling at her, screaming, “Give me my fucking phone.”
    When mother said no, Hayley attacked her. Mother told the social
    worker that Hayley “was banging me in my head nonstop and I had to
    defend myself.” She said that Hayley bit her, and showed the social
    worker the bite mark on her arm. When the social worker asked how
    Hayley got all of the bruises on her body, mother said that she did not
    know.
    Mother told the social worker that Hayley was constantly
    sneaking out of the house. She said that Hayley gets upset because she
    cannot go out (due to COVID-19) and cannot see her boyfriend. Mother
    said that they discipline Hayley by taking away her phone, but then
    they usually feel bad and give it back to her. Mother insisted that
    Hayley attacked her and father first, because mother would not give
    Hayley her phone back. Mother said, “Hayley doesn’t want to listen to
    me or my husband and she wants to do what she wants.”
    With regard to Hayley’s earlier hospital stay, mother explained
    that she took Hayley to the emergency room after Hayley’s boyfriend
    had broken up with her because Hayley was saying that she wanted to
    kill herself. The hospital admitted Hayley, and she was there for a
    week. Mother reported that Hayley was meeting with a therapist for
    three hours, two days a week, and was on medication (although Hayley
    was not taking one of her prescribed drugs because it made her sleepy).
    The social worker then spoke with father. He also denied Hayley’s
    account of the incident. He said that Hayley attacked mother and then
    fell to the ground. He told the social worker he did not know what
    6
    happened after that because he left. He said he then went looking for
    Hayley in his car, found her, and told her to get into the car, but Hayley
    took off on her bike.
    When the social worker asked mother and father what they were
    willing to do to make sure this did not happen again, mother said she
    would do whatever needed to be done, and suggested that family
    counseling services would be helpful. Father said that he could not
    tolerate the disrespect from Hayley. He told the social worker that
    Hayley had everything she wanted or asked for, and all they asked from
    her was respect.
    The next day, the social worker spoke with Madison. Madison
    told the social worker that mother “doesn’t like disrespect and if you hit
    her and be rude to her she doesn’t play. She pops me on my arm and
    tells me to stop. She slaps my sister because she’s rude and
    disrespectful.” She said that father “doesn’t play with people but he’s
    nice to me and he tries to be nice to my sister.” However, Madison said
    father “whoops” her when she does not listen, although she said that
    only happened once, and she did not remember the last time it
    happened.
    When asked about the incident with Hayley, Madison said that
    the night before the incident, Hayley came back to home to eat after
    being with friends down the street. Hayley said she wanted to go back
    out after eating, but mother said she had to stay home. Hayley and
    mother started arguing. Hayley tried to take mother’s phone, and they
    continued arguing until mother told Hayley to leave. Hayley left, and
    father and mother went to find her. Madison was asleep when Hayley
    7
    came back home the next morning, so she did not see her parents hit
    Hayley. But she said that when she saw Hayley, Hayley was crying
    because father “popped her because she kicked [father’s] butt.”
    Madison said that Hayley kept being disrespectful to mother, “[t]hen
    my dad had to come to her and pop her and I was sitting in the chair
    watching.” She said that mother was on the phone talking to MGM,
    and Hayley yelled at her, “Give me my fucking phone.” Hayley
    somehow got the phone and went into the bathroom and locked the
    door. Mother pushed the door open, and Madison said she thought
    mother “popped” Hayley, but she did not know; she said she heard
    “popping” but did not know “who was being popped.” Then Madison
    saw Hayley hitting mother in the head multiple times, fighting over the
    phone. Hayley was on the floor, stretched out and trying to reach the
    phone while mother held her foot. Madison got involved by grabbing
    the phone, and Hayley got up and ran out the door.
    After speaking with Madison, the social worker went back to the
    hospital to pick up Hayley (the Department had concluded that Hayley,
    who was being discharged from the hospital, needed to be detained with
    exigency). While there, the social worker spoke with Dr. Robert
    Hataley. Dr. Hataley reported that the child abuse team was consulted
    regarding Hayley, and they all agreed that Hayley’s bruises were
    consistent with child abuse. Dr. Hataley said that he agreed with the
    child abuse team’s conclusion.
    Hayley eventually was detained with the maternal grandparents.
    When the social worker went to the grandparents’ home to complete the
    placement paperwork, she asked MGM if she heard Hayley yelling
    8
    during MGM’s phone call with mother. MGM said she did. She said
    that mother had asked Hayley to give her five minutes because she was
    talking to her parents, but Hayley was “in a rage.” MGM said that
    Hayley “was cursing at her mother. Its ongoing when she doesn’t get
    her way.” MGM told the social worker that she had never seen mother
    or father discipline their children physically, and that it is not in either
    parent’s character to hit their children.
    The social worker also spoke to Hayley’s maternal aunt, who said
    she did not believe that mother or father physically abused Hayley. The
    maternal aunt also said that she was very close to Hayley, and Hayley
    never told her about any physical abuse.
    B.   The Petition and Detention Hearing
    The Department filed a petition as to both Hayley and Madison
    under section 300, subdivisions (a), (b), and (j). Counts a-1, b-1, and j-1
    alleged that mother physically abused Hayley, and that that physical
    abuse endangers Hayley and places both Hayley and Madison at risk of
    serious physical harm. Counts a-2, b-2, and j-2 made the same
    allegation as to father. Count b-3 alleged that Hayley suffers from
    mental, emotional, and behavioral problems, including suicidal
    ideation, and has a diagnosis of depression, anxiety, and OCD, and that
    mother and father are limited in their ability to provide her with
    appropriate parental care and supervision, which places her at risk of
    serious physical harm.
    At the detention hearing, the Department recommended that both
    children be detained from mother and father, with Madison being
    9
    released home-of-parent with a safety plan. Minor’s counsel agreed
    with the Department’s recommendation as to Madison, and agreed that
    Hayley should be detained, but argued that Hayley could be released to
    her parents with wraparound services in place; however, counsel
    recommended that Hayley should continue to reside with the maternal
    grandparents to give Hayley and her parents a cooling off period. The
    juvenile court found that a prima facie case existed that Hayley and
    Madison were persons described by section 300. It ordered that Hayley
    be removed from mother and father and placed with the maternal
    grandparents, and that Madison be released to mother and father with
    services.
    C.   The Jurisdiction/Disposition Report and Hearing
    In the jurisdiction/disposition report filed by the Department, the
    Department reported on a prior referral in 2015, in which the caller
    said that Hayley told her that father hit her with an extension cord.
    During the Department’s investigation of that referral, father told the
    investigating social worker that he had threatened to hit Hayley with
    an extension cord when she misbehaved, but did so only in an attempt
    to scare her and stop her bad behavior. He admitted to hitting Hayley
    in the past with a belt; he said he hit her on her buttocks and upper leg
    area, with her clothes on, and no marks or bruises were ever left.
    Hayley denied any current physical abuse at that time and stated that
    father only threatened her, and he had never hit her with an extension
    cord. The Department concluded that the allegations of physical abuse
    10
    toward Hayley were inconclusive; it conducted a risk assessment and
    determined the risk to be low.
    The jurisdiction/disposition report also included summaries of
    interviews of Hayley, Madison, mother, and father conducted by the
    dependency investigator. The report also included a summary of the
    dependency investigator’s interview of Detective David W. Van Dyke,
    who was conducting a criminal investigation of the incident for the Los
    Angeles Sheriff Department’s Special Victims Bureau, as well as a
    summary of Detective Van Dyke’s incident report.
    1.    Interview with Hayley
    Hayley told the investigator that she lied when she was at the
    hospital because she was upset. After the dependency investigator told
    her that the Department would not go away just because she changed
    her story, Haley told the investigator that she just wanted to go home.
    She said that she had assaulted mother and father because she could
    not get her way. She said that she bit mother and kicked father in the
    butt. When asked if she struck father and knocked off his glasses,
    Hayley quietly admitted that she had. She said that Madison threw
    shoes at her to try to get her off of mother.
    Hayley talked about her relationship with each of her parents,
    and told the investigator that her parents were good providers and did
    not deserve what she was putting them through. She said that she
    would change, and again told the investigator that she just wanted to go
    back home, and that she assaulted her parents because she was trying
    to get her way. When asked about the stories she told the doctors and
    11
    responding officers, Hayley said, “I called the police. I played a huge
    role in this mess. I feel bad because my mother might lose her job. I
    could have listened and walked away.”
    The investigator asked her about the bruises and injuries she
    sustained, and Hayley said they came from falling off her sister’s bike
    when she snuck out of the house. At the end of the interview, Hayley
    had a list of questions for the investigator. Hayley was adamant that
    she did not tell the truth right after the incident and that she wanted to
    go home.
    2.    Interview with Madison
    Madison told the investigator that she wanted Hayley to come
    home, but not if she was going to be “acting all crazy.” Describing the
    incident, Madison said that Hayley ran away from home and her
    parents went to places they thought she might be; she said they drove
    around at one in the morning looking for her. When asked whether she
    witnessed the altercation, Madison said that Hayley tried to fight father
    and kicked him in the butt. She told the investigator, unprompted, that
    father was trying to defend himself. When asked what happened
    between Hayley and mother, Madison said that mother tried to get the
    phone from Hayley and they ended up on the floor. She also said that
    Hayley bit mother on the arm.
    3.    Interview with Mother
    Mother told the investigator, “Hayley assaulted us. No one hit
    her. It was something about that phone. She wanted to get to the
    12
    cellphone and whatever was on it.” Mother said that when she told
    Hayley she could not have her phone back, Hayley started screaming.
    Mother said Hayley was enraged and attacked her. They struggled over
    the phone and ended up on the floor, and at some point Hayley bit her.
    Mother was adamant that Hayley attacked her.
    Mother told the investigator that Hayley was calling her every day
    from maternal grandparents’ home and telling her that she lied and did
    not think it would go this far; she told mother repeatedly that she
    wanted to come home. Hayley also told her that the detective
    investigating the incident was filing charges against mother; mother
    said she was worried because she could lose her job if charges were filed
    against her. Mother said that Hayley fabricated the story because she
    was upset that mother would not return her phone to her.
    Mother said that she wanted Hayley returned to her, but she also
    noted she was concerned that Hayley would revert back to the same
    behaviors without intervention by the Department. She explained that
    she had been having problems with Hayley ever since Hayley’s acne
    cleared up and she became confident in her appearance and got a
    boyfriend.
    4.      Interview with Father
    Father adamantly denied physically abusing or assaulting Hayley,
    and told the investigator that Hayley assaulted them. He insisted that
    nothing happened on the grass, and that Hayley lied to everyone.
    Father told the investigator that Hayley had recanted and admitted
    that she assaulted them.
    13
    5.    Interview with Detective Van Dyke
    Detective Van Dyke told the dependency investigator that the case
    was going to be submitted for review, and that the District Attorney
    could accept or reject the case for filing. He said that his major
    concerns were that father had a previous history of using a belt on the
    child, and that everyone’s stories were changing. He also said that he
    could not ignore the fact that Hayley had injuries and/or bruises, even
    though she changed her story about how she got them.
    In his incident report, Detective Van Dyke indicated that Hayley
    told him that during a verbal argument she had with her parents,
    father kept antagonizing her for sneaking out the night before and
    coming home early in the morning. Hayley said that father punched
    her in the face area, pushed her into a wall, and strangled her. Hayley
    went to mother and asked for her cell phone, which mother had taken
    away from her for sneaking out of the house. Hayley grabbed the phone
    and went into the bathroom. She said that mother pushed the
    bathroom door open and grabbed the phone back. Hayley said she
    yelled at mother to give her back her phone, and mother started to hit
    her. She said they fell to the ground, and mother hit her in the face
    area and pulled her hair. She also told Detective Van Dyke that
    Madison hit her with shoes. Hayley said she assaulted her parents
    because they were hitting her. However, she said that she did not want
    to get her parents in trouble and wanted to go home.
    Detective Van Dyke reported that he went to the hospital to see
    Hayley and observed a one-inch abrasion on the left side of her neck,
    14
    redness to both cheeks, and a quarter-inch abrasion on the top of her
    right foot; he did not observe injuries indicative of strangulation.
    Detective Van Dyke reported that he then contacted father and
    mother. Father told him that he got into a verbal argument with
    Hayley about how she was being disrespectful by sneaking out of the
    house to see her boyfriend. He told the detective that he never
    physically assaulted Hayley, but that he tried to defend himself when
    she started hitting him. He tried to grab her arms to keep her from
    hitting him, and he pushed her back to get distance between them. He
    said he left the house to de-escalate the situation, but mother called
    him and asked him to return home because Hayley had assaulted her.
    Mother told Detective Van Dyke that father and Hayley were
    having a verbal argument about Hayley sneaking out at night and
    coming home early in the morning. Hayley hit father in the head,
    knocking off his eyeglasses. Hayley continued to try to hit father, and
    father was trying to grab her arms to defend himself. Hayley stopped,
    and father left the house. Hayley then started yelling at mother,
    demanding her phone. Hayley approached mother, who was seated at
    the kitchen table, and grabbed the phone. Mother followed Hayley as
    she walked toward the bathroom. When Hayley tried to close the
    bathroom door, mother pushed it open and grabbed the phone back from
    Hayley. Hayley began to hit mother on the arms and chest area, and
    mother tried to grab Hayley’s arms to stop her from hitting her. When
    asked if she ever pulled Hayley’s hair, mother responded that she could
    not recall, but she might have done so when she was trying to get
    15
    control of Hayley. Mother told the detective that Hayley bit her on the
    arm; he observed a two-inch bite mark on mother’s forearm.
    6.    Jurisdiction/Disposition Hearing
    The jurisdiction/disposition hearing was held on February 17,
    2021. At the start of the hearing, counsel for the Department requested
    a 30-day continuance, explaining that there was outstanding discovery
    for law enforcement call logs and updates regarding the criminal case.
    Minor’s counsel objected to the continuance, noting that the
    Department had sufficient evidence to proceed with the adjudication,
    and arguing that the juvenile court should not wait for the criminal
    case to proceed because the criminal case moves more slowly than the
    dependency case should. The juvenile court agreed with minor’s
    counsel, stating: “You know, the criminal tail doesn’t wag the
    dependency dog, and the standard that we—that I am guided by is a far
    different standard than what is going on in the criminal case.”
    Therefore, the court denied the Department’s request and proceeded
    with the jurisdiction hearing.
    The Department offered and the court admitted into evidence the
    various reports that had been filed in the case; no other evidence was
    offered. Counsel for the Department argued that the court should find
    that Hayley’s initial statements of abuse were more credible that her
    subsequent recantation. Counsel noted that Hayley was consistent in
    her initial accounts to the medical professionals, the social worker, and
    law enforcement, and she only changed her account after expressing her
    strong desire to go home. Mother’s counsel argued there was a lack of
    16
    evidence to support counts a-1, b-1, j-1, a-2, b-2, and j-2, because Hayley
    admitted she was the aggressor and mother was just trying to defend
    herself. Mother submitted, however, on count b-3. Father’s counsel
    requested that father be dismissed from the petition, arguing there was
    no evidence that father physically abused Hayley, since Hayley
    admitted that she lied and that she was the one who assaulted him.
    With regard to count b-3, father’s counsel argued that father always
    maintained that he was willing and able to get Hayley all the help she
    needed. Minor’s counsel submitted on counts a-1, b-1, j-1, a-2, b-2, and
    j-2, although counsel said she did not necessarily agree that there was a
    current risk under counts a-1 and a-2. However, counsel argued that
    there was no current risk under count b-3.
    In making its ruling, the juvenile court stated that “these
    domestic violence issues are very difficult to resolve as to who is
    responsible. That’s especially true in a case where . . . there’s objective
    evidence that the child suffered injuries which are inconsistent with the
    parents’ statutory privilege to administer corporal punishment, but
    there’s also evidence that at least the mother was injured. [¶] She had
    a bite mark or something on her left arm, so—but I also note this is not
    the first time the family has come to the attention of law enforcement
    with allegations of child abuse, and on balance, it seems to me that the
    Department has reached a rather low threshold. It’s not invisible, but
    it’s low to sustain the counts.” Addressing the requirement that there
    be a current risk to the children, the court observed that “the fact that
    the parents are in therapy, the child is receiving services and everyone
    is willing to cooperate with [the Department] while worth noting, does
    17
    not equate to a finding of no current risk especially when the incident in
    this case, which was pretty violent, occurred relatively recently within
    the last couple of months.”
    The court found by a preponderance of the evidence that all of the
    counts in the petition were true as alleged, and found both children to
    be persons described by section 300, subdivisions (a), (b), and (j).
    Moving to disposition, the court heard arguments from counsel, then
    declared both children to be dependents of the juvenile court. It ordered
    Hayley removed from mother and father with family reunification
    services to Hayley and both parents, and ordered Madison released to
    her parents with family maintenance services to Madison and her
    parents.
    Mother and father timely filed notices of appeal from the
    jurisdiction orders. Two months later, on April 23, 2021, the juvenile
    court terminated jurisdiction as to Hayley because she had passed
    away. The record on appeal does not indicate the date or cause of
    Hayley’s passing.
    DISCUSSION
    Both mother and father challenge the juvenile court’s jurisdiction
    order, arguing there was insufficient evidence to support the findings of
    physical abuse by either parent. We disagree.
    “In reviewing the sufficiency of the evidence on appeal we consider
    the entire record to determine whether substantial evidence supports
    the court’s findings. [Citation.] We do not pass on the credibility of
    witnesses, attempt to resolve conflicts in the evidence or weigh the
    18
    evidence. Rather, we draw all reasonable inferences in support of the
    findings, view the record favorably to the juvenile court’s order and
    affirm the order even if other evidence supports a contrary finding.
    [Citations.]” (In re James R. (2009) 
    176 Cal.App.4th 129
    , 134–135.)
    “The parent has the burden on appeal of showing there is insufficient
    evidence to support the juvenile court’s order.” (In re Isabella F. (2014)
    
    226 Cal.App.4th 128
    , 138.)
    As relevant here, a child may be adjudged to be a dependent of the
    juvenile court if: (1) “[t]he child has suffered, or there is a substantial
    risk that the child will suffer, serious physical harm inflicted
    nonaccidentally upon the child by the child’s parent” (§ 300, subd. (a));
    (2) “[t]he child has suffered, or there is a substantial risk that the child
    will suffer, serious physical harm or illness, as a result of the failure or
    inability of his or her parent or guardian to adequately supervise or
    protect the child” (§ 300, subd. (b)); or (3) “[t]he child’s sibling has been
    abused or neglected, as defined in subdivision (a) [or] (b) . . . and there
    is a substantial risk that the child will be abused or neglected, as
    defined in those subdivisions” (§ 300, subd. (j)). Mother and father
    argue that the evidence presented in this case does not show that
    Hayley suffered any serious injury, or that she was at risk of suffering
    serious physical harm, and therefore the juvenile court erred in finding
    that Hayley and Madison were persons described under section 300,
    subdivision (a), (b), or (j). Under the standard of review applicable here,
    we conclude otherwise.
    To find that a child comes within subdivision (a) of section 300, it
    is not necessary to show that the child has already suffered a serious
    19
    injury inflicted nonaccidentally. That subdivision provides that “a court
    may find there is a substantial risk of serious future injury based on the
    manner in which a less serious injury was inflicted, a history of
    repeated inflictions of injuries on the child or the child’s siblings, or a
    combination of these and other actions by the parent or guardian that
    indicate the child is at risk of serious physical harm.” (§ 300, subd. (a).)
    In other words, “[t]he court need not wait until a child is seriously
    abused or injured to assume jurisdiction and take steps necessary to
    protect the child.” (In re N.M. (2011) 
    197 Cal.App.4th 159
    , 165.)
    In the present case, there was evidence that Hayley suffered
    bruising and/or abrasions on her neck, cheeks, foot, arms, thighs, and
    knees that the hospital’s child abuse team found to be consistent with
    child abuse. According to Hayley’s initial interviews with hospital staff,
    law enforcement, and the social worker, these injuries were inflicted
    during an exceptionally violent episode in which father pushed and hit
    Hayley, and mother hit Haley and pulled her hair, with the fight
    escalating so much that mother and Hayley ended up on the floor of the
    bathroom. Madison, who witnessed part of the episode (and joined in
    the fight at one point by throwing shoes at Hayley), confirmed that both
    father and mother “popped” Hayley. Even though Hayley, and to some
    extent Madison, recanted their initial accounts of what happened, the
    juvenile court was entitled to credit their initial accounts, just as it was
    entitled to conclude that mother and father were not credible when
    describing the incident as one in which Hayley was the aggressor and
    they merely tried to defend themselves. (In re James R., supra, 176
    20
    Cal.App.4th at p. 135 [“We do not pass on the credibility of witnesses,
    attempt to resolve conflicts in the evidence or weigh the evidence”].)
    In addition to the extremely violent nature of the recent incident,
    there also was evidence of previous physical abuse. Father admitted
    that he had hit Hayley with a belt in the past. Haley said that both
    father and mother hit or slapped her, or beat her with a belt for
    discipline. And Madison said that mother “pops” her and slaps Hayley
    when they are disrespectful or rude. Madison also said that father had
    “whoop[ed]” her for discipline in the past.
    From this evidence of the injuries Hayley suffered, the violent
    nature of the recent incident, and the evidence of previous
    inappropriate physical discipline, the juvenile court reasonably could
    conclude that both Hayley and Madison were at substantial risk of
    suffering serious physical harm inflicted nonaccidentally (§ 300, subd.
    (a)) or as a result of mother and father’s failure to protect them (§ 300,
    subd. (b)), and that Madison was at substantial risk of being abused
    (§ 300, subd. (j)). Accordingly, we affirm the juvenile court’s
    jurisdictional findings and orders.
    //
    //
    //
    //
    //
    //
    //
    21
    DISPOSITION
    The jurisdictional findings and orders are affirmed.
    NOT TO BE PUBLISHED IN THE OFFICIAL REPORTS
    WILLHITE, Acting P. J.
    We concur:
    COLLINS, J.
    CURREY, J.
    22
    

Document Info

Docket Number: B310953

Filed Date: 12/21/2021

Precedential Status: Non-Precedential

Modified Date: 12/21/2021