P. v. Gonzalez CA4/3 ( 2013 )

Filed 3/5/13 P. v. Gonzalez CA4/3
NOT TO BE PUBLISHED IN OFFICIAL REPORTS
California Rules of Court, rule 8.1115(a), prohibits courts and parties from citing or relying on opinions not certified for
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IN THE COURT OF APPEAL OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA
FOURTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
DIVISION THREE
THE PEOPLE,
Plaintiff and Respondent, G046564
v. (Super. Ct. No. 11CF1475)
ALEJANDRO GONZALEZ, OPINION
Defendant and Appellant.
Appeal from a judgment of the Superior Court of Orange County, Patrick
Donahue, Judge. Affirmed in part and reversed in part.
Melissa Hill, under appointment by the Court of Appeal, for Defendant and
Appellant.
Kamala D. Harris, Attorney General, Dane R. Gillette, Chief Assistant
Attorney General, Julie L. Garland, Assistant Attorney General, Steve Oetting and
Andrew Mestman, Deputy Attorneys General, for Plaintiff and Respondent.
* * *
A jury convicted Alejandro Gonzalez of second degree robbery (count 1;
Pen. Code, §§ 211, 212.5, subd. (c); all further statutory references are to this code),
assault with a firearm (count 2; § 245, subd. (a)(2)), felon in possession of a firearm
(§ 12021, subd. (a)(1)), misdemeanor trespass (§ 602.5, subd. (b)) as a lesser-included
offense of gang-related trespass (§ 186.22, subd. (d)), and active gang participation
(count 5; § 186.22, subd. (a); hereafter sometimes “street terrorism,” “the (a) count,” or
“substantive gang offense”). The jury rejected gang enhancement allegations (§ 186.22,
subd. (b)), but found firearm allegations true on count 1 (§ 12022.53, subd. (c)) and count
2 (§ 12022.5, subd. (a)). In a bifurcated proceeding, the trial court found prior conviction
allegations true for a prior prison term (§ 667.5, subd. (b)), a prior serious felony
conviction (§ 667.5, subd. (a)(1)), and a prior “strike” conviction (§§ 667, subds. (d) &
(e)(1), 1170.12, subds. (b) & (c)(1)).
On appeal, Gonzalez challenges the sufficiency of the evidence to support
his conviction for active gang participation because he acted alone in committing his
offenses. Alternatively, he argues the federal and state Constitutions bar for a sole
perpetrator conviction of street terrorism or, at a minimum, section 654 required the trial
court to stay sentencing on the (a) count. He also contends no substantial evidence
established the primary activities of his gang, a predicate for any gang-related conviction
or enhancement, and he insists the trial court violated his confrontation rights by
permitting the prosecution’s gang expert to testify concerning his gang’s primary
activities.
Because the California Supreme Court recently concluded a gang member
acting alone, even on behalf of his gang, does not commit a substantive gang offense
(People v. Rodriguez (2012) 55 Cal.4th 1125 (Rodriguez)), we reverse Gonzalez’s
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conviction on the (a) count. As we explain, this outcome moots the remainder of
Gonzalez’s claims, and we therefore do not address them. In all other respects, we affirm
the judgment.
I
BACKGROUND AND DISCUSSION
The pertinent factual and procedural background require little elaboration:
two Santa Ana police officers passing by in their vehicle observed Gonzalez pointing a
gun at a man outside a laundromat on Bristol Street. The gun “jerk[ed]” backwards, the
officers heard at least one gunshot and then saw the victim hand something to Gonzalez.
An eyewitness later provided more detail, describing how Gonzalez confronted the victim
with the gun and demanded money, the victim complied but Gonzalez became angry at
the amount the victim handed over, fired two rounds into the wall behind the victim to
demonstrate “[t]his gun isn’t fake,” and collected more money from the victim.
Meanwhile, the officers made a U-turn, exited their vehicle, and chased Gonzalez into a
nearby home, where they found him hiding in a closet.
After the jury returned its verdict as noted, the trial court sentenced
Gonzalez to 27 years in prison, consisting of the low term of two years for robbery, with
a 20-year consecutive enhancement for discharging a gun during the offense, and a five-
year consecutive term for the prior serious felony conviction. The court imposed a
concurrent term of 16 months for the substantive gang offense, stayed sentencing on the
remaining counts under section 654, and struck Gonzalez’s prior strike.
The merits on appeal similarly call for little discussion as Rodriguez
requires reversal of Gonzalez’s conviction fort street terrorism because he acted alone.
(Rodriguez, supra, 55 Cal.4th at p. 1139; Auto Equity Sales v. Superior Court (1962)
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57 Cal.2d 450, 455.) His constitutional challenge and alternative argument for a stay of
the (a) count under section 654 are therefore moot. Similarly, because we reverse his
conviction on the (a) count and because the jury rejected both the gang trespass offense
and gang-related penalty enhancements, nothing about Gonzalez’s conviction or
sentencing pertains to gangs, therefore mooting his challenge to the sufficiency of the
evidence concerning the primary activities of his gang. (See, e.g., Lester v. Lennane
(2000) 84 Cal.App.4th 536, 566 [an appellate court will not engage in academic
prestidigitation to resolve moot points].)
II
DISPOSITION
Gonzalez’s conviction on count 5 for street terrorism in violation of
section 186.22, subdivision (a), is reversed. The judgment is affirmed in all other
respects. The trial court is directed to forward an amended abstract of judgment to the
Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation.
ARONSON, ACTING P. J.
WE CONCUR:
FYBEL, J.
THOMPSON, J.
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