People v. Haggard CA2/2 ( 2022 )

Filed 10/28/22 P. v. Haggard CA2/2
NOT TO BE PUBLISHED IN THE OFFICIAL REPORTS
California Rules of Court, rule 8.1115(a), prohibits courts and parties from citing or relying on opinions
not certified for publication or ordered published, except as specified by rule 8.1115(b). This opinion
has not been certified for publication or ordered published for purposes of rule 8.1115.
IN THE COURT OF APPEAL OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA
SECOND APPELLATE DISTRICT
DIVISION TWO
THE PEOPLE, B317041
Plaintiff and Respondent, (Los Angeles County
Super. Ct. No. BA494205)
v.
SHAIN RICHARD HAGGARD,
Defendant and Appellant.
APPEAL from an order of the Superior Court of Los
Angeles County. Gustavo N. Sztraicher, Judge. Affirmed.
Sarah M. Javaheri, under appointment by the Court of
Appeal, for Defendant and Appellant.
Rob Bonta, Attorney General, Lance E. Winters, Chief
Assistant Attorney General, Susan Sullivan Pithey, Senior
Assistant Attorney General, Idan Ivri and Peggy Z. Huang,
Deputy Attorneys General, for Plaintiff and Respondent.
_________________________________
Shain Richard Haggard appeals the trial court’s imposition
of a court operations assessment, a criminal conviction
assessment, and restitution fines following the entry of his no
contest plea. Relying on People v. Dueñas (2019) 30 Cal.App.5th
1157 (Dueñas), appellant contends the trial court used the
incorrect standard to determine appellant had the ability to pay
the fines and assessments and there is insufficient evidence to
support the court’s determination that appellant could pay the
obligations out of prison wages. We disagree and affirm.
BACKGROUND1
Appellant pleaded no contest to possession of cocaine while
in Los Angeles County jail (Pen. Code,2 § 4573.6, subd. (a)) as
alleged in a one-count felony complaint.3 At sentencing, the trial
court suspended imposition of sentence, placed appellant on one
day of probation, and ordered him to serve 69 days in county jail
with 69 days’ credit for time served. The trial court also imposed
a $40 court operations assessment (Pen. Code, § 1465.8,
subd. (a)(1)), a $30 criminal conviction assessment (Gov. Code,
§ 70373), a $400 restitution fine (Pen. Code, § 1202.4, subd. (b)),
and a $400 probation revocation restitution fine, effective upon
the revocation of probation (Pen. Code, § 1202.44).
1 Because the facts of the offense are not relevant to the
issues on appeal, we omit a statement of the underlying facts.
(People v. Mendez (2021) 69 Cal.App.5th 347, 351, fn. 2.)
2 Undesignated statutory references are to the Penal Code.
3 The felony complaint also alleged a prior strike conviction
under the Three Strikes law (§§ 667, subd. (d), 1170.12,
subd. (b)), but the record contains no indication that appellant
admitted the prior strike allegation.
2
After the court ordered the fines and assessments,
appellant requested that they be waived because he was going to
prison in another case.4 The court responded that the fines and
fees would be deducted from his prison wages, unless appellant
could show “good cause why he shouldn’t have to pay them.”
Citing Dueñas, appellant argued that the prosecution had the
4 In three other cases (Super. Ct. L.A. County,
Nos. LA094297, LA092447, and LA093820), appellant was
sentenced to serve an aggregate term of five years four months in
state prison.
The trial court designated the sentence in case
No. LA094297 as the principal term and sentenced appellant to a
term of four years in state prison. In addition, the trial court
ordered and stayed (based on appellant’s indigence) a $300
restitution fine under section 1202.4, subdivision (b). The court
also ordered a $300 parole revocation restitution fine under
section 1202.45, stayed unless and until parole is revoked and
appellant returned to prison.
In case No. LA092447, appellant was sentenced to a
consecutive prison term of one year four months. The trial court
also ordered a $300 restitution fine under section 1202.4,
subdivision (b), and a $300 parole revocation restitution fine
under section 1202.45, effective upon revocation of parole.
In case No. LA093820, the trial court sentenced appellant
to a concurrent term of two years in state prison. In addition, the
court ordered a $300 restitution fine under section 1202.4,
subdivision (b), and a $300 parole revocation restitution fine
under section 1202.45, effective upon revocation of parole.
None of the minute orders in these cases indicates the
imposition of a court operations assessment (Pen. Code, § 1465.8,
subd. (a)(1)) or a criminal conviction assessment (Gov. Code,
§ 70373).
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burden of proving the defendant has the ability to pay the fines
and fees, and because he was unemployed and about to begin
serving a prison sentence, he had no present means to pay. The
trial court reiterated that the fines and fees would be deducted
from appellant’s prison wages and denied appellant’s request to
waive them.
DISCUSSION
The Trial Court Properly Denied Appellant’s Request to
Waive Imposition of the Restitution Fines and
Court Assessments
Appellant contends the trial court applied the wrong
standard to reach its conclusion that he would be able to pay the
restitution fines and court assessments out of future prison
wages. In other words, appellant asserts that the trial court
erred in placing the burden on him to demonstrate his inability to
pay. Appellant further argues the evidence was insufficient to
support the trial court’s finding that he has the ability to pay the
fines and assessments.
Appellant’s entire claim is based on the holding of the
Dueñas decision, which declared: “[D]ue process of law requires
the trial court to conduct an ability to pay hearing and ascertain
a defendant’s present ability to pay” before it imposes any fines or
fees.5 (Dueñas, supra, 30 Cal.App.5th at p. 1164.) With respect
5 Numerous Courts of Appeal have questioned the
correctness of the Dueñas decision, including this division.
(People v. Hicks (2019) 40 Cal.App.5th 320 (Hicks), review
granted Nov. 26, 2019, S258946.) The California Supreme Court
granted review in People v. Kopp (2019) 38 Cal.App.5th 47, 94–97
(Kopp) (review granted Nov. 13, 2019, S257844), to consider the
4
to imposition of the restitution fine mandated under section
1202.4, the Dueñas court disregarded the statutory requirement
that the defendant bear the burden of demonstrating an inability
to pay the fine (§ 1202.4, subd. (d)) and held that “the [trial] court
must stay the execution of the fine until and unless the People
demonstrate that the defendant has the ability to pay the fine.”
(Id. at p. 1172.)
Three months after deciding Dueñas, however, the same
court clarified its holding regarding the burden of proof,
following issues: (1) whether the trial court must take a
defendant’s ability to pay into account before imposing any fines,
fees or assessments, and (2) which party has the burden of proof
regarding the defendant’s inability to pay the fines, fees and
assessments contemplated by the trial court.
In Hicks, we concluded that Dueñas was wrongly decided,
and we rejected its holding that “due process precludes a court
from ‘impos[ing]’ certain assessments and fines when sentencing
a criminal defendant absent a finding that the defendant has a
‘present ability to pay’ them.” (Hicks, supra, 40 Cal.App.5th at
pp. 322, 329, rev.gr.) In reaching that conclusion, we found that
Dueñas expanded “due process in a manner that grants criminal
defendants a protection not conferred by either [of] its
foundational pillars,” as the mere imposition of fines and fees,
without more, does not deny indigent defendants access to the
courts and does not result in incarceration for nonpayment. (Id.
at p. 327, rev.gr.; accord, People v. Petri (2020) 45 Cal.App.5th 82,
92; People v. Adams (2020) 44 Cal.App.5th 828, 831–832; People
v. Lowery (2020) 43 Cal.App.5th 1046, 1055–1061; People v.
Aviles (2019) 39 Cal.App.5th 1055, 1067–1069 (Aviles); People v.
Caceres (2019) 39 Cal.App.5th 917, 923, 926–927; People v.
Kingston (2019) 41 Cal.App.5th 272, 279; Kopp, supra, 38
Cal.App.5th at pp. 96–97, rev.gr.)
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declaring: “Consistent with Dueñas, a defendant must in the
first instance contest in the trial court his or her ability to pay
the fines, fees and assessments to be imposed and at a hearing
present evidence of his or her inability to pay the amounts
contemplated by the trial court.” (People v. Castellano (2019) 33
Cal.App.5th 485, 490 (Castellano), italics added; accord, People v.
Cowan (2020) 47 Cal.App.5th 32, 49 (Cowan), review granted
June 17, 2020, S261952 [“although Dueñas can be read to suggest
that the People must bear the burden of proving a defendant’s
ability to pay a challenged assessment or fine [citation], we agree
with the courts that have since held a defendant bears the
burden of proof on that issue”]; People v. Taylor (2019) 43
Cal.App.5th 390, 397 [“defendant bears the burden of showing his
or her inability to pay”]; People v. Santos (2019) 38 Cal.App.5th
923, 934 (Santos) [on remand, the defendant must show his
inability to pay]; Kopp, supra, 38 Cal.App.5th at p. 96, rev.gr.
[same].)
Courts have also rejected the Dueñas court’s suggestion
that a defendant’s present ability to pay is the only relevant
consideration in determining whether fines, fees and assessments
may be imposed. (Dueñas, supra, 30 Cal.App.5th at pp. 1164,
1168; contra, Cowan, supra, 47 Cal.App.5th at p. 35 [assessment
of defendant’s ability to pay not limited to present ability to pay,
but also whether defendant “has any reasonable prospect of
paying in the future”]; Hicks, 40 Cal.App.5th at p. 322, rev.gr.;
Aviles, supra, 39 Cal.App.5th at pp. 1069, 1076; Santos, supra, 38
Cal.App.5th at p. 934; Kopp, supra, 38 Cal.App.5th at p. 96.) In
its clarification of its holding in Dueñas, Castellano explained,
the trial court “must consider all relevant factors in determining
whether the defendant is able to pay the fines, fees and
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assessments to be imposed. Those factors may include, but are
not limited to, potential prison pay during the period of
incarceration to be served by the defendant.” (Castellano, supra,
33 Cal.App.5th at p. 490.) As the court in Aviles observed,
“ ‘ “Ability to pay does not necessarily require existing
employment or cash on hand.” [Citation.] “[I]n determining
whether a defendant has the ability to pay a restitution fine, the
court is not limited to considering a defendant’s present ability
but may consider a defendant’s ability to pay in the future.”
[Citation.] This include[s] the defendant’s ability to obtain prison
wages and to earn money after his release from custody.’ ”
(Aviles, at p. 1076.)
Here, by declining to waive the fines and assessments
unless appellant could show “good cause why he shouldn’t have to
pay them,” the trial court correctly placed the burden on
appellant to show he lacked the present and future ability to pay
the fines and assessments. Since appellant presented no
evidence to satisfy his burden, the trial court properly denied his
request to waive the financial obligations.
Because appellant, not the prosecution, bore the burden of
showing his inability to pay the fines and assessments,
appellant’s substantial evidence challenge to the trial court’s
denial of his request to waive those liabilities fails. It is true that
an appellate court usually reviews a trial court’s resolution of
disputed factual issues for substantial evidence. (People v. Trinh
(2014) 59 Cal.4th 216, 236.) But “ ‘[w]hen the trier of fact has
expressly or implicitly concluded that the party with the burden
of proof failed to carry that burden and that party appeals, it is
somewhat misleading to characterize the failure-of-proof issue as
whether substantial evidence supports the judgment.’ [Citation.]
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‘Thus, where the issue on appeal turns on a failure of proof at
trial, the question for a reviewing court becomes whether the
evidence compels a finding in favor of the appellant as a matter of
law. [Citations.] Specifically, the question becomes whether the
appellant’s evidence was (1) “uncontradicted and unimpeached”
and (2) “of such a character and weight as to leave no room for a
judicial determination that it was insufficient to support a
finding.” ’ ” (LaFace v. Ralphs Grocery Co. (2022) 75 Cal.App.5th
388, 408–409, quoting Shaw v. County of Santa Cruz (2008) 170
Cal.App.4th 229, 279.)
In requesting a waiver of fines and assessments at
sentencing in this case, defense counsel simply pointed out that
appellant lacked the ability to pay because he “currently is
unemployed and headed to prison.” Aside from this cursory
statement, however, appellant offered no evidence and did not
request a further hearing on his ability to pay the obligations.
Based on the record before us, we conclude that the evidence does
not compel a finding, as a matter of law, that appellant will be
unable to pay the fines and assessments from prison wages and
future earnings after his release from custody. (People v.
Cervantes (2020) 46 Cal.App.5th 213, 229; Aviles, supra, 39
Cal.App.5th at p. 1076; People v. Montes (2021) 59 Cal.App.5th
1107, 1125 (dis. opn. of Poochigian, J.).)
Appellant was 32 years old at the time of sentencing in this
case, and the record contains no indication he is unhealthy or
unable to work. The trial court properly relied on the fact that
appellant could earn prison wages while incarcerated to begin to
pay the fines and assessments the court had imposed. The record
also supports the implied finding that nothing precludes
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appellant from continuing to pay these obligations from wages
earned after his release from custody.
Relying on People v. Rodriguez (2019) 34 Cal.App.5th 641(Rodriguez), appellant contends his qualification for
representation by the Los Angeles County Alternative Public
Defender’s Office in the trial court and appointed counsel on
appeal establishes “a presumption of indigence for most
purposes,” including his inability to pay the fines and
assessments imposed by the court. (Id. at p. 645.) Rodriguez,
however, is inapposite.
There, in addition to a restitution fine and court operations
and criminal conviction assessments, the trial court ordered
defendant to reimburse the county for $1,185 in attorney’s fees.
(Rodriguez, supra, 34 Cal.App.5th at p. 644.) The issue on appeal
was whether the trial court erred by ordering reimbursement
without first evaluating the defendant’s ability to pay. (Id. at
p. 645.) Rodriguez struck the attorney fee reimbursement order
based on the presumption under section 987.86 “ ‘that a
defendant sentenced to prison does not have the ability to
reimburse defense costs.’ (People v. Flores (2003) 30 Cal.4th 1059,
1068.)” (Rodriguez, at p. 646, italics added.)
However, a trial court’s initial determination that a
defendant is eligible for appointed counsel or its later decision to
6 Section 987.8 (repealed effective July 1, 2021) pertains
solely to the circumstances and procedures pursuant to which a
trial court may order a defendant to reimburse the county for
legal fees at the conclusion of proceedings in which the defendant
was represented by the public defender or private counsel
appointed by the court. (See § 987.8, subds. (b), (d) & (e).)
9
deny a government request for reimbursement of attorney fees
under section 987.8 does not constitute a finding⎯ as a matter of
law⎯that the defendant is unable to pay any fines, fees or
assessments. No court has extended the presumption regarding
a defendant’s ability to reimburse the government for attorney
fees to the imposition of restitution fines, assessments or other
fees. Moreover, our Supreme Court has rejected the claim that
an indigent defendant establishes an inability to pay court-
imposed financial obligations by the mere fact that “he was
appointed counsel and provided funds for expert witnesses and
investigators, and because he assertedly has no earning
potential.” (People v. Miracle (2018) 6 Cal.5th 318, 356.) Indeed,
the fact that the defendant’s indigence meant he could not afford
the cost of his defense did not establish he could not pay fines,
fees and assessments imposed by the court. (Ibid.) Even
Rodriguez acknowledged “an incarcerated defendant who has the
ability to pay a restitution fine from prison wages may still lack
the ability to pay [section] 987.8 attorney’s fees.” (Rodriguez,
supra, 34 Cal.App.5th at p. 649; see also Aviles, supra, 39
Cal.App.5th at p. 1075–1076; People v. Douglas (1995) 39
Cal.App.4th 1385, 1397.)
The trial court properly considered appellant’s future
earning capabilities to deny his request to waive the statutorily
mandated fines (Pen. Code, §§ 1202.4, subd. (b), 1202.44) and
assessments (Pen. Code, § 1465.8, subd. (a)(1); Gov. Code,
§ 70373) in this case.
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DISPOSITION
The order is affirmed.
NOT TO BE PUBLISHED.
LUI, P. J.
We concur:
ASHMANN-GERST, J.
HOFFSTADT, J.
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