People v. Nevarez CA5 ( 2021 )

Filed 7/20/21 P. v. Nevarez CA5
NOT TO BE PUBLISHED IN THE OFFICIAL REPORTS
California Rules of Court, rule 8.1115(a), prohibits courts and parties from citing or relying on opinions not certified for
publication or ordered published, except as specified by rule 8.1115(b). This opinion has not been certified for publication
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IN THE COURT OF APPEAL OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA
FIFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
THE PEOPLE,
F081699
Plaintiff and Respondent,
(Kings Super. Ct. No. 14CMS7223)
v.
CHRISTOPHER EDDIE NEVAREZ, OPINION
Defendant and Appellant.
THE COURT*
APPEAL from a judgment of the Superior Court of Kings County. Michael J.
Reinhart, Judge.
Alex Green, under appointment by the Court of Appeal, for Defendant and
Appellant.
Office of the Attorney General, Sacramento, California, for Plaintiff and
Respondent.
-ooOoo-
* Before Levy, Acting P.J., Poochigian, J. and Detjen, J.
1.
INTRODUCTION
Appellant and defendant Christopher Eddie Nevarez pleaded no contest to three
felony counts. He was sentenced to prison in 2015, and he did not file a notice of appeal.
In 2020, he filed a motion for recall of his sentence based on the enactment of two new
laws; the court denied his motion. On appeal, his appellate counsel has filed a brief that
summarizes the facts with citations to the record, raises no issues, and asks this court to
independently review the record. (People v. Wende (1979) 25 Cal.3d 436 (Wende).) We
affirm.
FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND
On January 12, 2015, an information was filed in the Superior Court of Kings
County that charged defendant with committing the following offenses on April 27,
2014: counts 1, 2, and 3, attempted premeditated murder (Pen. Code, § 664, 187),1 with
gang enhancements (§ 186.22, subd. (b)), and allegations that he personally used a
firearm (§ 12022.5, subd. (a)(1), § 12022.53, subd. (b)); counts 4, 5, and 6, assault with a
firearm (§ 245, subd. (a)(2)), with gang enhancements, and enhancements for personal
use of a firearm (§ 12022.5, subds. (a), (d)); and count 7, active participation in a criminal
street gang (§ 186.22, subd. (a)).
As to all counts, it was alleged that defendant was at least 16 years of age at the
time of the offenses, pursuant to Welfare and Institutions Code section 707,
subdivision (d)(1).
On the same day, defendant pleaded no contest to counts 3, 4, and 5, assault with a
firearm, and admitted the personal use enhancements attached to those counts (§ 12022.5,
subds. (a), (d)).
1 All further statutory references are to the Penal Code unless otherwise stated.
2.
On February 17, 2015, the court held the sentencing hearing and imposed an
aggregate term of 16 years in state prison, based on the upper term of four years for
count 4, consecutive terms of one year (one-third the midterm) for each of counts 5 and
6; plus 10 years for the personal use enhancement attached to count 4; and stayed the
other enhancements.
Defendant did not file a notice of appeal.
Postjudgment motions
On June 8, 2020, defendant filed a motion with the trial court, in pro. per., for a
juvenile fitness and transfer hearing pursuant to “Senate Bill [No.] 620” (2017–2018 Reg.
Sess.), “Proposition 57,” and People v. Superior Court (Lara) (2018) 4 Cal.5th 299(Lara). (CT 81) Defendant stated his birthdate; that he was 17 years old and a minor
when he committed the offenses in April 2014; the criminal charges were filed against
him as an adult; and his case should be recalled for a juvenile fitness hearing due to the
enactment of Proposition 57 so the firearm enhancement could be stricken.
On August 10, 2020, the trial court denied defendant’s motion. The court stated
that based upon its review of the reporter’s transcript, defendant pleaded no contest and
waived his right to an appeal, the judgment was final for retroactivity purposes, and he
was not entitled to recall for a juvenile fitness hearing. “[Senate Bill No.] 620 is effectual
as of January 1, 2018 and permits courts to exercise discretion to strike gun
enhancements at the time of sentencing or resentencing. In People v. Arredondo (2018)
21 Cal.App.5th 493, [the court] held that [Senate Bill No.] 620 applies to all criminal
cases that are not yet final on appeal. Due to the finality of [d]efendant’s case, he is not
entitled to a resentencing hearing pursuant to [Senate Bill No.] 620.”
On August 21, 2020, defendant filed a notice of appeal from the court’s denial of
his motion and requested a certificate of probable cause; the request was not acted upon.
3.
DISCUSSION
As noted above, defendant’s counsel has filed a Wende brief with this court. The
brief also includes the declaration of appellate counsel indicating that defendant was
advised he could file his own brief with this court. By letter on October 15, 2020, we
invited defendant to submit additional briefing. To date, he has not done so.
We note that defendant’s postjudgment motion claimed he was entitled to relief
because of the enactment of two laws. In November 2016, the electorate passed
Proposition 57, the Public Safety and Rehabilitation Act of 2016, that “prohibits
prosecutors from charging juveniles with crimes directly in adult court. Instead, they
must commence the action in juvenile court. If the prosecution wishes to try the juvenile
as an adult, the juvenile court must conduct what we will call a ‘transfer hearing’ to
determine whether the matter should remain in juvenile court or be transferred to adult
court. Only if the juvenile court transfers the matter to adult court can the juvenile be
tried and sentenced as an adult. [Citation.]” (Lara, supra, 4 Cal.5th at p. 303, fn.
omitted.) However, Proposition 57’s provisions for a juvenile fitness hearing are only
retroactive to those “charged directly in adult court whose judgment was not final at the
time [the initiative] was enacted.” (Id. at p. 304.)
Senate Bill No. 620, effective January 1, 2018, amended section 12022.5,
subdivision (c) to give the trial court discretion to dismiss the firearm enhancement found
true under that statute. (Stats. 2017–2018, ch. 682, §§ 1, 2; People v. Fuimaono (2019)
32 Cal.App.5th 132, 134.) As noted by the trial court, however, the provisions of Senate
Bill No. 620 are only retroactive to cases not yet final. (People v. Arredondo, supra, 21
Cal.App.5th at pp. 506–507.)
“In a criminal case, the sentence is the judgment. [Citation.]” (People v.
McKenzie (2018) 25 Cal.App.5th 1207, 1213–1214.) Defendant was sentenced on
February 17, 2015, and there is no indication that he filed a notice of appeal. Therefore,
his case was final before the enactment of both Proposition 57 and Senate Bill No. 620.
4.
After independent review of the record, we find that no reasonably arguable
factual or legal issues exist.
DISPOSITION
The judgment is affirmed.
5.