People v. Zelczak CA1/3 ( 2015 )

Filed 10/22/15 P. v. Zelczak CA1/3
NOT TO BE PUBLISHED IN OFFICIAL REPORTS
California Rules of Court, rule 8.1115(a), prohibits courts and parties from citing or relying on opinions not certified for
publication or ordered published, except as specified by rule 8.1115(b). This opinion has not been certified for publication
or ordered published for purposes of rule 8.1115.
IN THE COURT OF APPEAL OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA
FIRST APPELLATE DISTRICT
DIVISION THREE
THE PEOPLE,
Plaintiff and Respondent,
A143168
v.
MATTHEW J. ZELCZAK, (Contra Costa County
Super. Ct. No. 51406693)
Defendant and Appellant.
After a jury trial defendant Matthew J. Zelczak was found guilty of second-degree
robbery (Pen. Code, 1 §§ 211; 212.5, subd. (c)) (count one), second-degree commercial
burglary (§§ 459; 460, subd. (b)) (count two), and petty theft as a felony offense (§§ 484,
666) (count three). After a separate proceeding, the court found defendant had sustained
four prior theft convictions, but struck the prior convictions for the purposes of sentence.
The court sentenced defendant to an upper term of five years on count one, and the court
imposed but stayed sentences on the remaining counts pursuant to section 654.
On appeal, defendant challenges only his robbery conviction, arguing prejudicial
instructional error. We conclude there is no merit to defendant’s argument. Accordingly,
we affirm.
FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND
At a jury trial held in August 2014, the following relevant evidence was elicited.
1
All further unspecified statutory references are to the Penal Code.
1
On February 2, 2014, defendant entered a Macy’s department store, went to the
sportswear department, selected two jackets, wrapped in tin or aluminum foil the
electronic security tags attached to the jackets, and placed the jackets in his backpack.
Loss prevention officers Matthew Preble and Jourden Fernandez, were monitoring
defendant’s presence on both the floor and through the store surveillance video system.
After defendant left the store through an exit on the second floor, Preble ran after him and
confronted him, saying, “Loss prevention. I need you to come back into the store.”
Defendant ran toward a staircase leading to the street level, and Preble chased after him.
At the top of the staircase, Preble grabbed defendant, causing both men to fall to a
landing area. The men continued to wrestle. Defendant did not punch or kick Preble.
But, defendant continually pushed and struggled, and said about four times that he was
going to “spray” Preble. Preble thought defendant was going to attack him with pepper
spray or mace, albeit no spray was later removed from defendant’s person. Preble was
ultimately able to subdue defendant, and with the assistance of Fernandez, the officers
placed defendant in handcuffs. Defendant was brought back inside Macy’s with the
backpack of clothes. During questioning by the loss prevention officers, defendant said
he had come to the store to take some jackets so that he could sell them for money.
DISCUSSION
Defendant argues reversal of his robbery conviction is compelled based on the trial
court’s instruction to the jury on the concept of flight. We disagree.
Before submitting the matter to the jury, the trial court held an off-the-record
conference and on the record granted the prosecutor’s request to instruct on the concept
of flight using the language in CALCRIM No. 372. Without any objection by defendant,
or request for modification, the trial court gave the requested instruction in the following
manner: “If the defendant fled [or tried to flee] (immediately after the crime was
committed/[or] after (he/she) was accused of committing the crime), that conduct may
show that (he/she) was aware of (his/her) guilt. If you conclude that the defendant fled
[or tried to flee], it is up to you to decide the meaning and importance of that conduct.
However, evidence that the defendant fled [or tried to flee] cannot prove guilt by itself.”
2
On appeal defendant argues that the trial court erred by allowing the jurors “to
determine to which offenses, if any,” the flight instruction was applicable. (People v.
Mendoza (2000) 24 Cal.4th 130, 180.) According to defendant, the flight instruction was
relevant only to the burglary and theft offenses, and therefore, the jury should have been
advised that the instruction did not apply to the robbery offense. However, defendant
“was required to request [a] . . . clarifying instruction if he believed that the instruction
. . . needed elaboration.” (People v. Maury (2003) 30 Cal.4th 342, 426.) Because
defendant “did not request such amplification or explanation, error cannot now be
predicated upon the trial court’s failure to give” such a clarification “on its own motion.”
(People v. Anderson (1966) 64 Cal.2d 633, 639.)
Even if defendant’s failure to object in the trial court did not forfeit his claim of
instructional error, we see no basis for reversal. Defendant argues the flight instruction
“served only to confuse and mislead the jury” as the only evidence of flight occurred
before he allegedly committed the robbery offense and therefore the instruction was
inapplicable and not responsive to the evidence. However, the flight instruction made
clear that before the jury could consider evidence of flight, it had to find that defendant
had either committed a robbery or been accused of committing a robbery. Consequently,
the jurors would have necessarily understood that any evidence of flight before
defendant’s commission of a robbery was irrelevant to its consideration of that offense.
The very fact which makes the flight instruction allegedly erroneous – it did not apply to
the robbery offense – “ ‘suggests that the [jurors] ignored’ ” this instruction relative to
that offense as “ ‘the court told them to disregard any instruction not justified by the
facts. . . .’ (Wilkinson v. Southern Pacific Co. [(1964)] 224 Cal.App.2d 478, 489-490 [36
Cal. Rptr. 689]; see People v. Hairgrove [(1971)] 18 Cal.App.3d 606, 608-609 [96 Cal.
Rptr. 142].)” (Solgaard v. Guy F. Atkinson Co. (1971) 6 Cal.3d 361, 371; see CALCRIM
No. 2002.) Defendant’s reliance on isolated portions of the prosecutor’s closing argument
2
Using language in CALCRIM No. 200, the trial court advised the jury, in pertinent
part, that “[s]ome of these instructions may not apply, depending on your findings about
the facts of the case. Do not assume just because I give you a particular instruction that I
3
is misplaced. The jurors were explicitly advised that they were to follow the law as
explained by the court, and if counsel made comments that conflicted with the
instructions, then the jurors were required to follow the instructions. (CALCRIM
No. 200.) In the absence of any evidence to the contrary, we presume the jurors treated
“the prosecutor’s comments as words spoken by an advocate in an attempt to persuade,”
and otherwise followed the court’s instructions regarding consideration of any flight
evidence relative to the robbery offense. (People v. Sanchez (1995) 12 Cal.4th 1, 70,
disapproved on another ground in People v. Doolin (2009) 45 Cal.4th 390, 421, fn. 22.)
We therefore conclude that defendant has failed to demonstrate prejudicial
instructional error requiring reversal under any standard of review. (Chapman v.
California (1967) 386 U.S. 18, 24; People v. Watson (1956) 46 Cal.2d 818, 836.)
DISPOSITION
The judgment is affirmed.
_________________________
Jenkins, J.
We concur:
_________________________
McGuiness, P. J.
_________________________
Siggins, J.
People v. Matthew J. Zelczak, A143168
am suggesting anything about the facts. After you have decided what the facts are,
follow the instructions that do apply to the facts as you find them.” While the quoted
language in CALCRIM No. 200 “does not render an otherwise improper instruction
proper, it may be considered in assessing the prejudicial effect of an improper
instruction.” (People v. Saddler (1979) 24 Cal.3d 671, 684 [discussing language in
CALJIC No. 17.31 that corresponds to language in CALCRIM No. 200].)
4