Burgos v. Nationstar Mortgage CA6 ( 2024 )

Filed 1/25/24 Burgos v. Nationstar Mortgage CA6
NOT TO BE PUBLISHED IN OFFICIAL REPORTS
California Rules of Court, rule 8.1115(a), prohibits courts and parties from citing or relying on opinions not certified for
publication or ordered published, except as specified by rule 8.1115(b). This opinion has not been certified for publication
or ordered published for purposes of rule 8.1115.
IN THE COURT OF APPEAL OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA
SIXTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
FERNANDO BURGOS et al., H050540
(Monterey County
Plaintiffs and Appellants, Super. Ct. No. 20CV001410)
v.
NATIONSTAR MORTGAGE LLC,
Defendant and Respondent.
Appellants Fernando Burgos and Evette Burgos brought an action against
respondent Nationstar Mortgage LLC, arising from Nationstar’s foreclosure on
residential property that appellants owned together. As their sole cause of action,
appellants alleged that respondent violated Civil Code section 2923.61 by recording a
notice of default after appellants had submitted a completed loan modification
application. Appellants sought injunctive relief to enjoin the sale of their property.
Respondent moved for summary judgment, on the ground that no material dual
tracking violation occurred and that any violation was corrected and remedied. The trial
court granted the motion and entered a judgment of dismissal. For the reasons stated
below, we conclude that the trial court did not err in granting the motion for summary
judgment, and we will affirm the judgment of dismissal.
1
All statutory references are to the Civil Code, unless otherwise indicated.
I. BACKGROUND2
On December 22, 2006, appellants executed a deed of trust to residential property
in Salinas, and the deed of trust was recorded on December 29, 2006.
On July 24, 2014, after a series of assignments and substitutions of trustee, Quality
Loan Service Corporation became the deed of trust’s trustee.
On April 13, 2018, Mr. Cooper (a brand name for Nationstar Mortgage LLC)
acknowledged receipt of appellants’ application for loss mitigation options.
On May 8, 2018, Mr. Cooper informed appellants by letter that they were
approved to enter into a trial plan under the flex modification program, which was the
first step toward qualifying for a permanent loan modification. Appellants accepted the
loan modification and made the required trial payments. On October 5, 2018, the loan
was modified. Appellants subsequently defaulted and again ceased making payments on
the loan.
On July 25, 2019, appellants submitted a second complete loss mitigation
application to Mr. Cooper. On August 3, 2019, Mr. Cooper sent appellants a letter
informing them that they were not eligible for a loan modification because they had
previously modified their mortgage and then become 60 or more days delinquent within
12 months of modification, but were conditionally approved for a short sale or for a deed
in lieu/mortgage release. Appellants did not accept any of the loss mitigation options.
On December 12, 2019, trustee Quality Loan Service Corporation executed a
notice of default against the Salinas property, which was sent out for recordation on the
same day.
On December 15, 2019, appellants submitted a third complete loss mitigation
application to Mr. Cooper using the online portal.
2
The factual background is drawn from each party’s separate statements of
material fact and the exhibits attached thereto.
2
On December 16, 2019, the notice of default was recorded in the Monterey
County Recorder’s Office.
On December 17, 2019, trustee Quality Loan Service Corporation placed the
foreclosure process on hold to allow loss mitigation options to be evaluated. The
foreclosure file remained on hold until February 6, 2020.
On December 27, 2019, a representative of Mr. Cooper spoke to Evette Burgos by
phone and informed her that the request for loan modification was denied, but other loss
mitigation alternatives were available. On January 7, 2020, Mr. Cooper followed up by
letter, notifying appellants that they were not eligible for a loan modification for the same
reason as their prior denial. Appellants were informed that they were conditionally
approved for a short sale or deed in lieu/mortgage release. Appellants did not accept any
of the loss mitigation options offered.
On March 16, 2020, trustee Quality Loan Service Corporation executed a notice of
trustee’s sale, which was recorded on March 18, 2020. The trustee’s sale was postponed
several times, and no sale was scheduled as of the time of the motion for summary
judgment.
On May 13, 2020, appellants filed a complaint for damages and equitable relief,
alleging that respondent violated section 2923.6, subdivision (c), by recording a notice of
default while a complete loan modification application was pending. Appellants sought
injunctive relief pursuant to section 2924.12, to enjoin what they alleged was a material
violation of section 2923.6.
On July 9, 2020, respondent filed a demurrer, which appellants opposed. After a
hearing, the trial court overruled respondent’s demurrer to appellants’ complaint.
On May 17, 2022, respondent moved for summary judgment. Respondent
acknowledged that appellants electronically submitted a complete loss mitigation
application on a Sunday, one day prior to the notice of default’s recordation. However,
respondent argued that any possible dual tracking violation was not material because
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appellants’ application was nevertheless “processed in full and Mr. Cooper rendered a
decision providing loss prevention alternatives which was communicated to [appellants].”
On August 5, 2022, appellants filed opposition to summary judgment. Appellants
argued that summary judgment was improper because triable issues of fact remained—
namely, based on Evette Burgos’s allegation that she “was specifically told on December
27, 2019, that the reason her loan modification application was denied was because her
loan was now in active foreclosure.” Appellants also argued that the violation had not
been cured because the notice of default had not been rescinded.
On August 19, 2022, following a hearing, the trial court granted respondent’s
motion for summary judgment. In its written order after hearing, the court stated it
“made the following findings at the August 19, 2022 hearing: [¶] (1) Any violation of
Civil Code Section 2923.6 by Mr. Cooper, whether or not material, was cured by
Mr. Cooper’s review of Plaintiffs’ December 15, 2019 loss mitigation application; [¶]
(2) Rescission of the Notice of Default, recorded on December 16, 2019, was not
required; and [¶] (3) No material fact is in dispute in this case.” Judgment was entered on
September 2, 2022.
Appellants timely appealed.
II. DISCUSSION
A. Summary Judgment
1. Standard of Review
Summary judgment “shall be granted if all the papers submitted show that there is
no triable issue as to any material fact and that the moving party is entitled to a judgment
as a matter of law.” (Code Civ. Proc., § 437c, subd. (c).) To be entitled to judgment, the
moving party must show by admissible evidence that the “action has no merit or that
there is no defense” thereto. (Id., subd. (a)(1).) A defendant moving for summary
judgment meets this burden by presenting evidence demonstrating that one or more
elements of the cause of action cannot be established or that there is a complete defense
4
to the claim. (Id., subds. (o), (p)(2); Aguilar v. Atlantic Richfield Co. (2001) 25 Cal.4th
826, 849-850, 853-854.) Once the defendant makes this showing, the burden shifts to the
plaintiff to show that a triable issue of material fact exists as to that cause of action or
defense. (Code Civ. Proc., § 437c, subd. (p)(2); see Aguilar, at p. 850.) Material facts
are those that relate to the issues in the case as framed by the pleadings. (Juge v. County
of Sacramento (1993) 12 Cal.App.4th 59, 67.) There is a genuine issue of material fact
if, and only if, the evidence would allow a reasonable trier of fact to find the underlying
fact in favor of the party opposing the motion in accordance with the applicable standard
of proof. (Aguilar, at p. 845.)
We review an order granting summary judgment de novo. (California Medical
Assn. v. Aetna Health of California Inc. (2023) 14 Cal.5th 1075, 1087.) In performing
our review, we must view the evidence in the light most favorable to appellants and draw
all reasonable inferences in their favor. (Ibid.)
2. Overview of Civil Code section 2923.6
“The Homeowner Bill of Rights [HBOR] ([§§] 2920.5, 2923.4-7, 2924, 2924.9-
12, 2924.15, 2924.17-20) . . . , effective January 1, 2013, was enacted ‘to ensure that, as
part of the nonjudicial foreclosure process, borrowers are considered for, and have a
meaningful opportunity to obtain, available loss mitigation options, if any, offered by or
through the borrower’s mortgage servicer, such as loan modifications or other
alternatives to foreclosure.’ (§ 2923.4.)” (Valbuena v. Ocwen Loan Servicing, LLC
(2015) 237 Cal.App.4th 1267, 1272 (Valbuena).) The statute, however, also emphasized
that “[n]othing in the act that added this section . . . shall be interpreted to require a
particular result of that process.” (§ 2923.4.)
Among other things, “HBOR prohibits ‘dual tracking,’ which occurs when a bank
forecloses on a loan while negotiating with the borrower to avoid foreclosure.
(§ 2923.6.)” (Valbuena, supra, 237 Cal.App.4th at p. 1272.) The statute provides that if
a borrower submits a complete loan modification application, the loan servicer “shall not
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record a notice of default or notice of sale, or conduct a trustee’s sale” until certain
conditions are met. (§ 2923.6, subd. (c).) HBOR provides for injunctive relief for
statutory violations that occur prior to foreclosure (§ 2924.12, subd. (a)), and monetary
damages when the borrower seeks relief for violations after the foreclosure sale has
occurred. (§ 2924.12, subd. (b).)
3. Analysis
Appellants contend that the trial court erred by granting summary judgment.
Respondent, however, maintains that any purported violation of the prohibition against
dual tracking was remedied. Respondent notes that once the loan modification
application was received, the foreclosure proceedings were paused for consideration of
the application. Thus, respondent argues that any violation was not material. We agree.
In the present case, it is undisputed that after the apparently inadvertent violation
of section 2923.6, subdivision (c), respondent placed the foreclosure process on hold to
allow loss mitigation options to be evaluated. Respondent thereafter fully evaluated
appellants’ loss mitigation application, rendered a decision, and communicated that
decision to appellants. On December 27, 2019, respondent communicated the results of
the evaluation to appellants, informing them that their request for a loan modification was
denied but other loss mitigation alternatives were available. Respondent followed up by
letter, informing appellants of their options (i.e., short sale or deed in lieu), which
appellants did not accept. Under the circumstances, these curative measures satisfied the
HBOR’s purpose to ensure that appellants had a meaningful opportunity to obtain loss-
mitigation options. (Billesbach v. Specialized Loan Servicing LLC (2021) 63
Cal.App.5th 830, 846 (Billesbach).)
Appellants contend that there existed a disputed material fact because they had
alleged that, in “a conversation,” they were informed that their loan modification
application was denied “because they were in active foreclosure.” This allegation,
however, did not create a dispute about whether there had been a material violation of
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section 2923.6. As noted, the HBOR’s purpose is not to ensure a particular result, but
rather to ensure that borrowers are offered alternatives to foreclosure. (§ 2923.4.) It is
undisputed that appellants were offered two alternatives to foreclosure—a short sale or
deed in lieu—and that the options presented constituted alternatives to foreclosure.
Whether or not a loan modification was offered or not was immaterial, as the statute only
required the servicer to offer appellants options for avoiding foreclosure, not one specific
option. (Schmidt v. Citibank, N.A. (2018) 28 Cal.App.5th 1109, 1124, fn. 7 [purpose of
HBOR statute is to give borrower “an opportunity” to discuss financial position and
“possible options for avoiding foreclosure”].)
Even if we assume respondent’s violation of the HBOR was material, the
undisputed evidence also established that respondent remedied the violation. As noted,
respondent paused the foreclosure proceedings and considered appellants’ loan
modification application, ultimately offering two alternatives to foreclosure. Although
the recordation of the notice of default resulted in a violation, “[r]equiring a servicer to
record a new, identical notice of default following full consideration of the borrower’s
loan-modification application would do nothing to further the HBOR’s purpose.”
(Billesbach, supra, 63 Cal.App.5th at p. 847.)
For these reasons, we determine that the trial court did not err in granting
summary judgment on the sole cause of action for violation of section 2923.6.
B. Sufficiency of Order
Additionally, appellants contend that the grant of summary judgment should be
reversed because the trial court’s order did not comply with Code of Civil Procedure
section 437c, subdivision (g). That section provides, in pertinent part: “Upon the grant of
a motion for summary judgment, on the ground that there is no triable issue of material
fact, the court shall, by written or oral order, specify the reasons for its determination.
The order shall specifically refer to the evidence proffered in support of, and if applicable
in opposition to, the motion which indicates that no triable issue exists. The court shall
7
also state its reasons for any other determination. The court shall record its determination
by court reporter or written order.”
Here, while the court’s order specified its reasons for granting summary judgment,
it did not specifically refer to the evidence proffered in support and in opposition to the
motion. Appellant argues that this was error, requiring reversal of the judgment.
Respondent contends that the order was compliant with Code of Civil Procedure section
437c.
Even assuming the trial court erred,3 given the nature of the evidence (most of
which was undisputed) and the fact that we review this matter de novo, “[t]he lack of a
[sufficient] statement of reasons presents no harm where, as here, our independent review
establishes the validity of the judgment.” (Soto v. State of California (1997) 56
Cal.App.4th 196, 199; see also Goldrich v. Natural Y Surgical Specialties, Inc. (1994)
25 Cal.App.4th 772, 782; Conley v. Matthes (1997) 56 Cal.App.4th 1453, 1459-1460.)
III. DISPOSITION
The judgment is affirmed.
3
We note that it is difficult to evaluate whether the trial court erred on this record.
Code of Civil Procedure section 437c requires the court to state “by written or oral order”
its reasons. (Code Civ. Proc., § 437c, emphasis added.) Here, in designating a record on
appeal, appellants chose to proceed without a record of the oral proceedings, which
undoubtedly would have shed light on whether the court’s oral pronouncement was
adequate.
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_______________________________
Greenwood, P. J.
WE CONCUR:
______________________________________
Bamattre-Manoukian, J.
______________________________________
Adams, J.*
H050540
Burgos et al. v. Nationstar Mortgage LLC
_____________
* Judge of the Santa Clara County Superior Court, assigned by the Chief Justice
pursuant to article VI, section 6 of the California Constitution.