People v. McCoshum CA3 ( 2023 )

Filed 10/13/23 P. v. McCoshum CA3
NOT TO BE PUBLISHED
California Rules of Court, rule 8.1115(a), prohibits courts and parties from citing or relying on opinions not certified for
publication or ordered published, except as specified by rule 8.1115(b). This opinion has not been certified for publication
or ordered published for purposes of rule 8.1115.
IN THE COURT OF APPEAL OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA
THIRD APPELLATE DISTRICT
(Shasta)
----
THE PEOPLE, C096929
Plaintiff and Respondent, (Super. Ct. Nos.
19F2832, 19F4117, 19F4697,
v. 19F4704, 19F4816, 19F4821)
JOSEPH LEON MCCOSHUM,
Defendant and Appellant.
Defendant Joseph Leon McCoshum appealed from a judgment on a plea resolving
six cases. We reversed the sentence imposed in one case as violating Penal Code section
6541 and remanded for the trial court to exercise its discretion under a recently enacted
1 Undesignated statutory references are to the Penal Code.
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change to that statute. (People v. McCoshum (Jan. 4, 2022, C092483) [nonpub opn.].)2
Defendant now appeals from the new sentence, contending that the trial court improperly
imposed two out-on-bail enhancements (§ 12022.1, subd. (b)) in one of the six cases.
After the People explained the basis for the two enhancements, defendant on reply
concedes that the trial court did not err but nonetheless suggests the abstract of judgment
is misleading and should be amended. We agree with the parties that the trial court did
not err, and conclude that the abstract need not be amended to clarify the nature of the
enhancements. The parties also contend that the trial court failed to update defendant’s
presentence credits at resentencing. However, the trial court filed an amended abstract of
judgment granting defendant credits through the date of resentencing. We will affirm the
judgment.
FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND
In our prior opinion, we summarized the cases and charges against defendant.
“Between May 6 and August 9, 2019, defendant was charged in several cases with
many crimes, as pertinent here, as follows: (1) Case No. 19F2832 -- possession of a
firearm by a felon and possession of a short-barreled shotgun, with both counts carrying
four prior prison term enhancements; (2) Case No. 19F4117 -- two counts of possession
of a controlled substance for sale, possession of a smoking or injecting device, and
destruction of evidence, with both possession of a controlled substance counts carrying
prior serious felony and prior prison term enhancements; (3) Case No. 19F4697 -- aid by
misrepresentation in an amount over $400 and perjury (misrepresentation case); (4) Case
No. 19F4704 -- attempted second degree burglary of a vehicle and possession of a
smoking device, with the attempted burglary count carrying two out-on-bail
enhancements; (5) Case No. 19F4816 -- possession of a firearm by a felon, illegal
2 We take judicial notice on our own motion of our prior opinion in this case. (Evid.
Code, § 452, subd. (d).)
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possession of ammunition, and possession of a controlled substance, with an associated
enhancement on all charges for a prior serious felony conviction; (6) Case No. 19F4821
-- infliction of corporal injury on a spouse or cohabitant with a prior conviction for the
same, criminal threats, conspiracy to dissuade a witness, damaging a wireless device, and
resisting a police officer, with the first infliction of corporal injury, criminal threats, and
conspiracy to dissuade a witness counts carrying prior prison term and out-on-bail
enhancements (criminal threats case).” (People v. McCoshum, supra, C092483, fn.
omitted.)
Defendant resolved all six cases by pleading no contest or guilty to all the charges
and admitting all enhancements in exchange for a negotiated sentence. Defendant also
entered into a waiver under People v. Cruz (1988) 44 Cal.3d 1247, such that the court
would not be bound by the negotiated sentence if defendant violated the waiver. The
waiver required defendant not to violate any law (excluding infractions) between his
release date and the date of sentencing. When defendant was arrested on new charges
while released, thereby violating the waiver, the trial court sentenced him to 20 years in
state prison.
On July 13, 2021, the court corrected the sentence and resentenced defendant to a
total term of 19 years eight months.
On remand after appeal, at a hearing on August 12, 2022, the trial court
resentenced defendant to 16 years eight months in state prison. The sentence included
two out-on-bail enhancements for the sentence imposed in case No. 19F4821. The
amended abstract of judgment filed on September 6, 2022, continued to award defendant
the same number of presentence credits on resentencing as at his initial sentencing in
2020. On July 17, 2023, the trial court issued a further amended abstract of judgment
granting defendant additional custody credits through the date of resentencing.
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DISCUSSION
I
Out-On-Bail Enhancements in Case No. 19F4821
In his opening brief, defendant contends that in case No. 19F4821 the trial court
incorrectly imposed two out-on-bail enhancements, one for each count. As the People
explained in their respondent’s brief—and our review of the record confirms—the
complaint in case No. 19F4821 alleged that defendant committed the felony offenses
charged in that case while released on bail in case Nos. 19F2832 19F4117, and 19F4704.
Under section 12022.1, the trial court could have imposed an out-on-bail enhancement
for each of these cases. However, in resentencing defendant, the trial court struck the
second of the three felony counts in case No. 19F4821, along with one of the out-on-bail
enhancements. On reply, defendant concedes the issue but maintains that “[a]s listed in
the abstract of judgment, it appears that the section 12022.1 enhancements were being
applied to each count, rather than the case as a whole.” We accept defendant’s
concession that the trial court did not err but disagree that the abstract of judgment
requires amendment.
“[S]ection 12022.1 provides that if a person charged with a felony (the primary
offense) is released on bail or on his or her own recognizance and subsequently is
arrested for committing another felony (the secondary offense) while released from
custody on the primary offense, and if that person is convicted of both offenses, he or she
‘shall be subject to a penalty enhancement of an additional two years in state prison
which shall be served consecutive to any other term imposed by the court.’ (§ 12022.1,
subds. (a), (b), (d).)”3 (People v. Walker (2002) 29 Cal.4th 577, 582, fn. omitted.)
3 Section 12022.1, subdivision (b) provides: “Any person arrested for a secondary
offense that was alleged to have been committed while that person was released from
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In People v. Mackabee (1989) 214 Cal.App.3d 1250 (Mackabee), this court
concluded that section 12022.1 allows one enhancement for each primary offense.
(Mackabee, supra, at pp. 1260-1261; People v. Nguyen (1988) 204 Cal.App.3d 181, 195-
196.) This is because section 12022.1 offenses “ ‘go to the nature of the offender,’ ” not
“ ‘the nature of the offense.’ ” (Mackabee, at p. 1261.) Here, in case No. 19F4821, the
complaint alleged that defendant committed three primary offenses: the crimes in case
Nos. 19F2832, 19F4117, and 19F4704. In each primary case, defendant promised not to
reoffend and then broke his promise by committing the secondary offenses in case
No. 19F4821. Because defendant broke three promises, he became subject to additional
punishment for breaking multiple promises compared to an offender who broke only a
single promise. (See People v. Warinner (1988) 200 Cal.App.3d 1352, 1356 [holding
that the defendant’s sentence may be enhanced under section 12022.1 for each pending
case from which he was released from custody when he committed subsequent crimes].)
Defendant nonetheless faults the manner in which the enhancements are listed in
the abstract of judgment. Section No. 2 of the abstract assigns a section 12022.1
enhancement to count “A1” and another to count “A3,” which designations refer,
respectively, to count 1 of the complaint in case No. 19F4821 charging defendant with
domestic violence with a prior conviction (§ 273.5, subds. (a), (f)) and count 3 for
conspiracy to dissuade a witness from testifying. (§ 136.1, subd. (c)(2).) The minute
order on the sentencing proceedings for case No. 19F4821 also assigns one section
12022.1 allegation to each of these counts.
To be sure, an enhancement related to the offender has nothing to do with
particular counts and is added as a final step in computing the sentence. (Mackabee,
supra, 214 Cal.App.3d at pp. 1261-1262.) However, the abstract of judgment form
custody on a primary offense shall be subject to a penalty enhancement of an additional
two years, which shall be served consecutive to any other term imposed by the court.”
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(Judicial Council of Cal., form CR-290 (rev. July 1, 2009)) includes a section for
enhancements “tied to specific counts” and another for “prior convictions or prison
terms.” Section No. 2, “tied to specific counts,” states that these are “mainly in the PC
12022 series,” and section No. 3, pertaining to “prior convictions or prison terms,” states
that these are “mainly in the PC 667 series.” But there is no section for section 12022.1
enhancements not tied to specific counts. It is understandable, given the directions on the
form, that in preparing the abstract of judgment, the clerk of the court would record
section 12022.1 enhancements in the manner done here. In any event, defendant has not
explained how he was prejudiced, since it is clear from the form that two section 12022.1
enhancements were imposed in case No. 19F4821. Accordingly, we reject defendant’s
contention that the abstract of judgment should be corrected to specify that the section
12022.1 enhancements imposed in case No. 19F4821 are not tied to specific counts.
II
Presentence Credits
The parties contend that the abstract of judgment filed on August 13, 2020, and the
amended abstract of judgment filed on September 6, 2022, after resentencing, reflect the
same number of days of credit for time served. (People v. Buckhalter (2001) 26 Cal.4th
20, 23; § 2900.1.) However, a further amended abstract filed on July 17, 2023, granted
defendant custody credits through the date of resentencing. Accordingly, there is no error
to be corrected.
The People further note that the abstract of judgment filed after resentencing
continues to list the hearing date as “8-20-20” when the hearing occurred on August 12,
2022. However, a subsequent amended abstract of judgment filed July 17, 2023,
continues to list “8-10-20” as the hearing date, but now also lists “08-12-21” (italics
added) as the date of defendant’s commitment to state prison. Neither of these dates is
correct. We will direct the trial court to prepare an amended abstract of judgment
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correcting the hearing and commitment dates to reflect the August 12, 2022 date of
resentencing.
DISPOSITION
The trial court is directed to prepare an amended abstract of judgment correcting
the hearing and commitment dates to reflect the date of resentencing, and forward the
amended abstract to the Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation. The judgment is
affirmed.
/s/
Krause, J.
We concur:
/s/
Robie, Acting P. J.
/s/
Boulware Eurie, J.
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