Akers v. Chen ( 2023 )

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 10 NORTHERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 11 MONTGOMERY CARL AKERS, 12 Case No. 22-cv-05555 BLF (PR) Plaintiff, 13 ORDER TO SHOW CAUSE WHY v. PLAINTIFF’S IN FORMA 14 PAUPERIS STATUS SHOULD NOT BE REVOKED PURSUANT TO § 15 E. CHEN, et al., 1915(G) 16 Defendants. 17 18 19 Plaintiff, a convicted and sentenced federal prisoner currently confined at the USP 20 Marion in Illinois, filed the instant pro se civil rights action pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 1983 21 against a state court judge and under Bivens1 against a district court judge and several 22 federal employees.2 Dkt. No. 1 at 1, 4. Plaintiff was granted leave to proceed in forma 23 pauperis in a separate order. Dkt. No. 9. The matter was reassigned to this Court on 24 November 15, 2022. Dkt. Nos. 9, 10. 25 For the reasons discussed below, the Court has reason to believe that Plaintiff’s IFP 26 1 Bivens v. Six Unknown Named Agents of Federal Bureau of Narcotics, 403 U.S. 388 27 (1971). 1 status should be revoked under 28 U.S.C. § 1915(g) because he has three or more prior 2 lawsuits that were dismissed for failure to state a cognizable claim or as frivolous or 3 malicious. Plaintiff shall be granted an opportunity to show cause why the Court should 4 not revoke his IFP status. 5 6 DISCUSSION 7 I. 28 U.S.C. § 1915(g) 8 A. Standard of Review 9 The Prison Litigation Reform Act of 1995 (“PLRA”) was enacted, and became 10 effective, on April 26, 1996. It provides that a prisoner may not bring a civil action or 11 appeal a judgment in a civil action or proceeding under 28 U.S.C. § 1915 (i.e., may not 12 proceed in forma pauperis) “if the prisoner has, on three or more prior occasions, while 13 incarcerated or detained in any facility, brought an action or appeal in a court of the United 14 States that was dismissed on the grounds that it is frivolous, malicious, or fails to state a 15 claim upon which relief may be granted, unless the prisoner is under imminent danger of 16 serious physical injury.” 28 U.S.C. § 1915(g). Any dismissal for failure to state a claim, 17 whether with or without prejudice, counts as a strike. Lomax v. Ortiz-Marquez, 140 S. Ct. 18 1721, 1724-25 (2020). 19 For purposes of a dismissal that may be counted under § 1915(g), the phrase “fails 20 to state a claim on which relief may be granted” parallels the language of Federal Rule of 21 Civil Procedure 12(b)(6) and carries the same interpretation, the word “frivolous” refers to 22 a case that is “‘of little weight or importance: having no basis in law or fact,’” and the 23 word “malicious” refers to a case “filed with the ‘intention or desire to harm another.’” 24 Andrews v. King, 398 F.3d 1113, 1121 (9th Cir. 2005) (citation omitted). Only cases 25 within one of these three categories can be counted as strikes for § 1915(g) purposes, so 26 the mere fact that the prisoner has filed many cases does not alone warrant dismissal of the 1 only occur when, “after careful evaluation of the order dismissing an [earlier] action, and 2 other relevant information, the district court determines that the action was dismissed 3 because it was frivolous, malicious or failed to state a claim.” Id. 4 Plaintiff filed a previous action in this district: Akers v. Siereveld, Case No. 17-cv- 5 03340-EMC (PR).3 After a long procedural history, that matter was ultimately dismissed 6 under § 1915(g) because Plaintiff had three or more prior cases that were dismissed as 7 frivolous, malicious, or fails to state a claim upon which relief may be granted, and he was 8 not under imminent danger of serious physical injury. Id., Dkt. No. 21 at 3. The court 9 identified seven prior dismissals that appeared to count as a strike under § 1915(g): (1) 10 Akers v. Poisson, D. Maine Case No. 09- 0054-P-S (D. Me. Mar. 24, 2009) (dismissed for 11 failure to state a claim); (2) Akers v. Rokusek, S.D. Cal. Case No. 09-0472 DMS (JMA) 12 (S.D. Cal. Apr. 28, 2009) (dismissed as frivolous); (3) Akers v. Martin, D. Kan. Case No. 13 06-cv-03175 SAC (D. Kan. July 12, 2006) (dismissed for failure to state a claim); (4) 14 Akers v. Crow, D. Kan. Case No. 09-cv-03037-RDR (D. Kan. Mar. 2, 2009 (dismissed for 15 failure to state a claim and as frivolous); (5) Akers v. Keszei, D. N.H. Case No. 08-cv-334 16 JL (D. N.H. Apr. 16, 2009 (dismissed for failure to state a claim); (6) Akers v. Watts, D. 17 D.C. Case No. 08-140 EGS (D. D.C. Sept. 24, 2010) (dismissed for failure to state a 18 claim); and (7) Akers v. Davis, 400 F. App’x 332 (10th Cir. Oct. 28, 2010) (dismissing 19 appeal as frivolous and noting the dismissal counts as a “strike” dismissal under §1915(g)). 20 Id. at 3, fn. 2; see id., Dkt. No. 16 at 2. The court stated that it made its evaluation of these 21 cases based on the dismissal orders and docket sheets in them. Id., citing Andrews, 398 22 F.3d at 1120 (sometimes the docket records may be sufficient, and sometime the actual 23 court files may need to be consulted). The Court notes that in his response, Plaintiff did 24 not contest that any of these cases did not count as a strike. Id., Dkt. No. 21 at 4-5. 25 3 That matter was before Judge Edward W. Chen, who is a named defendant in this action. 26 Because that case was decided and closed long before this action was filed against him and 1 Based on these cases, Plaintiff has at least three cases that count as strikes under § 2 1915(g). The Court notes that Plaintiff has been identified is a prolific filer, having filed 3 more than 150 cases in state and federal courts in 13 states in the past decade. See Akers v. 4 Sproul, et al., Case No. 22-cv-02469-JPG (S.D. Ill. Nov. 10, 2022). He was again recently 5 found to be subject to the three-strikes bar to IFP status in the Southern District of Illinois 6 on November 10, 2022. Id., citing Akers v. Roal, et al., Case No. 11-cv-00622-MJR (S.D. 7 Ill. Feb. 1, 2012) (listing “strikes”). It appears that Plaintiff is seeking new venues to 8 circumvent filing restrictions in the Seventh Circuit. See, e.g., Akers v. Siereveld, Case No. 9 20-cv-1146RB-SCY (D.N.M. Apr. 23, 2021). He may not do so. 10 Based on the foregoing, unless he was under imminent danger of serious physical 11 injury at the time he filed this action, his IFP status must be revoked. 12 B. “Imminent Danger” Exception 13 The plain language of the imminent danger clause in § 1915(g) indicates that 14 “imminent danger” is to be assessed at the time of filing of the complaint. See Andrews v. 15 Cervantes, 493 F.3d 1047, 1053 (9th Cir. 2007) (“Andrews II”); Abdul-Akbar v. McKelvie, 16 239 F.3d 307, 312 (3d Cir. 2001) (en banc). The conditions that existed at some earlier or 17 later time are not relevant. See Andrews II, 493 F.3d 1047 at 1053 & n.5 (post-filing 18 transfer of prisoner out of the prison at which danger allegedly existed may have made 19 moot his request for injunctive relief against the alleged danger, but it does not affect the § 20 1915(g) analysis). The court “should not make an overly detailed inquiry into whether the 21 allegations qualify for the exception.” Id. at 1055. It is sufficient if the complaint “makes 22 a plausible allegation that the prisoner faced ‘imminent danger of serious physical injury’ 23 at the time of filing.” Id.; see, e.g., id. at 1055 (allegation that plaintiff is at risk of 24 contracting HIV or hepatitis C was sufficient to bring his complaint within the imminent 25 danger exception). 26 In this action, Plaintiff is suing both state and federal actors for “collusion and 1 Feng, of the San Francisco County Superior Court, and the following federal defendants: 2 (1) United States District Court Judge Edward W. Chen; (2) Katherine N. Siereveld, 3 special agent for the Federal Bureau of Investigation; (3) Kathy S. Hill, intelligence 4 research specialist for the Federal Bureau of Prisons; and (4) Jamie Conover, intelligence 5 analyst for the U.S. Department of Justice, Counter Terrorism Unit. Id. at 3-4. Although 6 not listed as a defendant, Plaintiff identifies another federal employee, Nathan Simpkins, a 7 case manager at USP Marion, who was also involved in the alleged events. Id. at 6. 8 Plaintiff is suing these federal defendants under Bivens “based upon a collusion and 9 conspiracy to violate the constitutional rights of Plaintiff-Akers to bring and redress his 10 claims in the court that have to do with theft of his property, colluding with federal and 11 state judges, in order to commit crimes in the process.” Id. More specifically, Plaintiff 12 claims Judge Chen had “unauthorized communications” with Defendant Siereveld between 13 September 13, 2020 and May 27, 2021, and with Defendants Hill and Simpkins. Id. at 7. 14 Plaintiff claims Defendant Siereveld supplied Judge Chen and his clerks “with bogus 15 information” consisting of alleged findings and facts and conclusions of law that were 16 allegedly made by United States District Judge Kathryn H. Vratil” in Plaintiff’s criminal 17 case (No. 04-20089-KHV-1, United States v. Montgomery Carl Akers). Id. at 3-4. 18 Plaintiff claims that on or about May, 27, 2021, he became aware of this “collusion and 19 conspiracy” between Defendants Siereveld, Hill, and Simpkins who “agreed and 20 confederated with one another” to contact Judge Chen to “‘railroad his case (Akers’) in his 21 court.’” Id. at 6. Plaintiff claims Defendants Siereveld, Hill, and Simpkins “systematically 22 contacted and colluded” with Defendants Conover and Feng to “insure [sic] that Plaintiff- 23 Akers’ civil complaints went nowhere.” Id. These allegations regarding “collusion and 24 conspiracy” occurring sometime in the previous years do not indicate that Plaintiff was 25 facing an imminent danger of serious physical injury when he filed this action on 26 September 28, 2022. 1 and Conover “hatched a plan to cause the Plaintiff-Akers physical harm for his pursuit of 2 his administrative remedies and court actions around the country involving them.” Id. 3 Plaintiff claims Defendant Simpkins has been involved in a program with Defendants Hill, 4 Siereveld, Conover, and Does 1-20 “to inflict psychological torture upon prisoners 5 confined to the ‘Communication Management Unit.’” Id. Plaintiff claims he has “no 6 business being in the Communication Management Unit as he is not a terrorist or has been 7 convicted of any violent or terrorist crimes.” Id. Plaintiff claims that as “[a]s part of the 8 rendition Simpkins hatched a plan with Defendants Hill [and] Conover, in league with 9 Defendant Chen and Defendant Feng to cause the Plaintiff-Akers to be denied his 10 medication for atrial fibrillation by isolating him in an illegal ‘Special Housing Unit’” and 11 to have Plaintiff “attacked in his sleep by inmates who owe Simpkins favors.” Id. Plaintiff 12 claims Defendant Simpkins has been “making deals” with several “CMU prisoners” to do 13 his “bidding when he calls on them,” e.g., to harm unmanageable prisoners. Id. Plaintiff 14 claims that he is facing an immediate danger based upon Defendant Simpkin’s actions and 15 “his counterpart defendants.” Id. However, these allegations that Defendants are 16 conspiring to isolate Plaintiff and have him attacked in his sleep by inmates “who owe 17 Simpkins favors” are unsubstantiated and based entirely on Plaintiff’s speculation. The 18 vague and conclusory allegation of a possible attack by unidentified inmates are not at all 19 plausible and is not sufficient to establish that Plaintiff was in imminent danger of serious 20 physical harm at the time he filed this action. Accordingly, Plaintiff is not entitled to the 21 exception under § 1915(g). 22 The Ninth Circuit in Andrews I, 398 F.3d at 1120, implicitly allowed the district 23 court to raise the § 1915(g) problem sua sponte but required the district court to notify the 24 plaintiff of the earlier dismissals it considers to support a § 1915(g) dismissal and allow the 25 plaintiff an opportunity to be heard on the matter before dismissing the action. See id. at 26 1120. The prisoner must be given notice of the potential disqualification under § 1915(g) 1 || status for him. /d. Accordingly, Plaintiff shall be granted an opportunity to show cause 2 || why his IFP status should not be revoked under § 1915(g) by showing why any of the prior 3 || dismissals discussed above should not count as a strike. Jd. 4 5 CONCLUSION 6 For the reasons stated above, the Court orders Plaintiff to file a response no later 7 || than twenty-eight (28) days from the filing of this order, showing cause why his IFP 8 || status should not be revoked pursuant to § 1915(g). 9 If Plaintiff fails to file a response in the time provided, his IFP status shall be 10 || revoked and the full filing fee, or the remaining balance, will be immediately due. If the 11 || fee is not paid in due time, this case will be dismissed without prejudice for failure to pay a 12 || the filing fee without further notice to Plaintiff. E B IT IS SO ORDERED. 14 || Dated: — March 13, 2023 fenfhaccncan __ BETH LABSON FREEMAN 15 United States District Judge 16 Oo Z 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 Order to Show Cause Re IFP PRO-SE\BLF\CR.22\0555Akers_osc.1915g 27