Hossenini v. Kristoff ( 2020 )

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 9 SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 10 11 ABBAS HOSSENINI, a refugee Case No.: 20-CV-902 JLS (BLM) (A212519274), 12 ORDER GRANTING PETITION Petitioner, 13 FOR WRIT OF HABEAS CORPUS v. PURSUANT TO 28 U.S.C. § 2241 14 MADELINE KRISTOFF, Acting Field 15 (ECF No. 1) Office Director, San Diego Field Office, 16 U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services; MATTHEW T. ALBENCE, 17 Senior Official Performing the Duties of 18 the Director, U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE); CHAD F. 19 WOLF, Acting Secretary of Homeland 20 Security; WILLIAM BARR, United States Attorney General; and WARDEN OF 21 IMMIGRATION DETENTION 22 FACILITY, 23 Respondents. 24 25 Presently before the Court is Petitioner Abbas Hossenini’s Petition for a Writ of 26 Habeas Corpus Pursuant 28 U.S.C. § 2441 (“Pet.,” ECF No. 1), which was transferred to 27 the undersigned as related to Petitioner’s prior petitions, Hossenini v. DHS/ICE Chief 28 Counsel, No. 18-CV-1771 JLS (BLM) (S.D. Cal. filed July 3, 2018) (the “First Petition”), 1 and Hossenini v. Warden, No. 19-CV-710 JLS (BLM) (S.D. Cal. filed Apr. 3, 2019), on 2 June 12, 2020. See ECF No. 2. Petitioner, proceeding through counsel, is currently in the 3 custody of the United States Immigration and Customs Enforcement (“ICE”), an agency 4 of the United States Department of Homeland Security (“DHS”) pursuant to home 5 detention monitoring in San Diego County, California. Pet. ¶ 5. Petitioner alleges that his 6 “continued detention is unlawful and violates the Immigration and Nationality Act and . . . 7 the U.S. Constitution.” Id. ¶ 27. Accordingly, Petitioner “respectfully requests that the 8 Court . . . [g]rant the writ of habeas corpus and order Petitioner’s immediate release from 9 custody.” Id. at Prayer ¶ c. 10 On June 25, 2020, the Court ordered Respondents Madeline Kristoff, Acting Field 11 Director, San Diego Field Office, U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services; Matthew T. 12 Albence, Senior Official Performing the Duties of the Director, U.S. Immigration and 13 Customs Enforcement (ICE); Chad F. Wolf, Acting Secretary of Homeland Security; 14 William Barr, United States Attorney General; and Warden of Immigration Detention 15 Facility to show cause pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2243 why the Petition should not be granted. 16 See ECF No. 3 at 2. As of the date of this Order, the Court has received no response. See 17 generally Docket. Having thoroughly reviewed Petitioner’s arguments and evidence and 18 the law, the Court GRANTS the Petition and ORDERS Petitioner’s immediate release. 19 BACKGROUND 20 The facts of this Petition are now familiar to the Parties and the Court. Petitioner 21 incorporated into his Petition the Background section from this Court’s prior Order 22 granting in part and denying in part his petition in the First Petition, see Pet. ¶ 12, which 23 the Court in turn incorporates here: 24 Petitioner, a citizen and native of Afghanistan, was granted refugee status by the United Nations in 2012 in Turkey. 25 ECF No. 10 (“Letter”) at 3. Petitioner possessed no travel 26 documents and only had a temporary ID card. Id. United States Immigration Officials in Turkey knew that Petitioner had no 27 travel documents yet granted him admission into the United 28 States. Id.; Pet. at 50. Petitioner was admitted into the United 1 States on or around September 25, 2012, Pet. at 20, and became a Legal Permanent Resident on June 30, 2014. Id. at 8. 2 3 While residing in the United States, Petitioner was charged with and pled guilty to multiple criminal offenses. See id. at 4 20–46. Notably, Petitioner was convicted for violating 5 California Penal Code section 243(e)(1)—for domestic violence—on August 15, 2014, and for violating protective and 6 stay away orders intended to prevent domestic violence on 7 May 28, 2015, and June 13, 2016. Id. at 20–21, 25–28, 35–36, 41–43. 8 9 On October 21, 2016, ICE took Petitioner into custody “[p]ursuant to section [] 237(a)(2)(E)(i) of the Immigration and 10 Nationality Act as amended for a crime of domestic violence.”1 11 Id. at 20. Because Petitioner was convicted of a crime of domestic violence within five years of entry into the United 12 States, Petitioner was subject to removal. Id. at 21. On July 31, 13 2017, an Immigration Judge ordered Petitioner removed from the United States to Afghanistan. Id. at 16. Petitioner has not been 14 removed from the United States and remains in ICE custody at 15 the Otay Mesa Detention Center. Id. at 2–3. 16 Petitioner alleges that his “deportation officer told [him] 17 that if [he] was not deported in six months [ICE would] release [him] in the USA.” Id. at 3, 49. Petitioner alleges that ICE 18 requested that Petitioner provide his travel documents so that he 19 could be deported to Afghanistan. Id. at 49. Petitioner alleges he has no travel documents from Afghanistan. Id. On August 2 20 and 7, 2018, Petitioner alleges he called the Afghan Consulate, 21 which advised him that it had processed his paperwork and sent it to ICE. Letter at 7. Petitioner has not been advised, however, 22 of the Consulate’s response or the outcome of those proceedings. 23 See id. at 3–8. Instead, Petitioner has received numerous notices of “Decision to Continue Detention.” See id. 9; Pet. at 8–10. 24 These notices acknowledge that ICE conducted a review of 25 26 1 Petitioner adds in the instant Petition that he “was taken into custody by federal officials after he 27 completed and fulfilled his period of incarceration for the State of California offenses. Simply put, on the day Petitioner was released from County Jail for having served his sentence, he was taken into custody by 28 1 Petitioner’s file record and determined that he would not be released from custody. See Letter at 9; Pet. at 8–10. The most 2 recent notice of “Decision to Continue Detention” provided by 3 Petitioner is dated August 15, 2018. Letter 9. 4 On July 3, 2018, Petitioner filed this Petition for Writ of 5 Habeas Corpus. See generally Pet. On August 19, 2019, the Court issued an Order to Show Cause to Respondent, Chief 6 Counsel for DHS/ICE, why the Petition should not be granted. 7 ECF No. 12. As of the date of this Order, Respondent has neglected to submit any response to the Court. 8 9 Pet. ¶ 12; see also Order Granting in Part and Denying in Part Petition for Writ of Habeas 10 Corpus (“First Order”) at 2–3, First Petition (filed Oct. 16, 2019), ECF No. 13. 11 On October 16, 2019, the Court granted in part and denied in part the First Petition, 12 concluding that “ICE ha[d] held Petitioner in prolonged detention without adequate 13 procedural safeguards,” First Order at 5, and that “Petitioner [wa]s entitled to a bond 14 hearing before an [Immigration Judge (“IJ”)] within thirty (30) days of the date on which 15 this Order [wa]s electronically docketed.” Id. at 7 (emphasis in original); see also id. at 8. 16 It is unclear from the instant Petition whether Petitioner was ever provided the 17 ordered bond hearing before an IJ, see generally Pet., although it does appear that Petitioner 18 is now on home detention. See id. ¶ 16. Nonetheless, Petitioner has been in federal custody 19 for three years since the IJ ordered his removal. Id. ¶ 15. He has “fully cooperated with 20 federal officials and complied with all laws,” id. ¶ 16; “has done nothing to impair or 21 impede federal officials from enforcing or executing the Order for Removal,” id. ¶ 17; and 22 “has consistently maintained that he would obey the Removal Order if provided travel 23 documents.” Id. 24 ANALYSIS 25 I. Jurisdiction 26 As a preliminary matter, the Court must determine whether it has jurisdiction to hear 27 the merits of Petitioner’s claim. A federal district court has jurisdiction to hear habeas 28 claims under 28 U.S.C. § 2241. Zadvydas v. Davis, 533 U.S. 678, 687 (2001). Jurisdiction 1 is proper “‘with respect to the application of [sections1221 through 1232] to an individual 2 alien against whom proceedings under such part have been initiated.’” Rodriguez v. Marin, 3 909 F.3d 252, 256 (9th Cir. 2018) (quoting 8 U.S.C. § 1252(f)(1)). Although there are 4 some statutory limitations barring judicial review of the Attorney General’s exercise of 5 discretion in removal proceedings, “habeas corpus proceedings remain available as a forum 6 for statutory and constitutional challenges to post-removal-period detention.” Id. at 688; 7 see also Jennings v. Rodriguez, 583 U.S. ___, 138 S. Ct. 830, 841 (2018) (holding that 8 8 U.S.C. § 1226(e) does not bar constitutional challenges to the “statutory framework” of the 9 Government’s detention authority). Accordingly, the Court may proceed to analyze the 10 merits of the Petition. 11 II. Whether Petitioner’s Removal Is Reasonably Foreseeable 12 Petitioner claims “the Court may properly find Petitioner’s removal is no longer 13 reasonably foreseeable,” Pet. ¶ 24, meriting his immediate release from custody. As 14 explained in the First Order, see id. at 4, any alien who has been convicted of a crime of 15 domestic violence is subject to removal from the United States. 8 U.S.C. 16 § 1227(a)(2)(E)(i). Aliens who violate protective orders also may be removed. 8 U.S.C. 17 § 1227(a)(2)(E)(ii). “On a warrant issued by the Attorney General, an alien may be arrested 18 and detained pending a decision on whether the alien is to be removed.” 8 U.S.C. 19 § 1226(a). Typically, detained aliens are removed within ninety days—the “removal 20 period.” 8 U.S.C. § 1231(a)(1)(A). Criminal aliens—including those convicted of 21 domestic violence and violation of a protective order—“may be detained beyond the 22 removal period” at the discretion of the Attorney General. 8 U.S.C. § 1231(a)(6). 23 The Supreme Court has recognized, however, that Section 1231(a)(6) “does not 24 permit indefinite detention,” Zadvydas, 533 U.S. at 689, because “[a] statute permitting 25 indefinite detention of an alien would raise a serious constitutional problem.” Id. at 690. 26 Consequently, “once removal is no longer reasonably foreseeable, continued detention is 27 no longer authorized.” Id. at 699. The post-removal-period detention is presumptively 28 limited to six months. Id. at 701. “This . . . does not mean that every alien not removed 1 must be released after six months”; the presumptive six-month period is rebuttable. Id. 2 Following the six-month period, “once the alien provides good reason to believe that there 3 is no significant likelihood of removal in the reasonably foreseeable future, the 4 Government must respond with evidence sufficient to rebut that showing.” Id. 5 “[I]f removal is not reasonably foreseeable, the court should hold continued 6 detention unreasonable and no longer authorized by statute.” Id. at 699–700. “In that case, 7 of course, the alien’s release may and should be conditioned on any of the various forms 8 of supervised release that are appropriate in the circumstances, and the alien may no doubt 9 be returned to custody upon a violation of those conditions.” Id. at 700 (citing 8 U.S.C. 10 §§ 1231(a)(3), 1253 (1994 ed., Supp. V); 8 C.F.R. § 241.5 (2001)). 11 Over nine months ago, the Court concluded that “Petitioner [had] demonstrate[d] 12 ‘good reason to believe that there is no significant likelihood of removal in the reasonably 13 foreseeable future.’” First Order at 5 (quoting Zadvydas, 533 U.S. at 701). The intervening 14 nine months has only strengthened the Court’s prior conclusion: Petitioner was ordered 15 removed over three years ago, during which time he has remained in ICE custody. Further, 16 in failing to respond to the Court’s Order to Show Cause, ECF No. 3, Respondents have 17 not “respond[ed] with evidence sufficient to rebut” Petitioner’s showing, as required. See 18 Zadvydas, 533 U.S. at 701. The Court therefore concludes that Petitioner has demonstrated 19 that there is no significant likelihood of removal in the reasonably foreseeable future. 20 “Given the unreasonable length of [Petitioner]’s detention, the unforeseeability of 21 his removal, and the failure of the government to rebut his showing that there is no 22 significant likelihood of removal in the reasonably foreseeable future, the government’s 23 continued detention violates federal law, as construed by the Supreme Court. Therefore, 24 he is entitled to the issuance of a writ of habeas corpus.” See Nadarajah v. Gonzales, 443 25 F.3d 1069, 1082 (9th Cir. 2006); see also Tuan Thai v. Ashcroft, 366 F.3d 790, 799 (9th 26 Cir. 2004) (“Because [Petitioner]’s removal is not reasonably foreseeable, his continued 27 post-removal-period federal detention is not authorized by 8 U.S.C. § 1231(a)(6).”). The 28 Court therefore GRANTS the Petition and ORDERS Petitioner’s immediate release. 1 CONCLUSION 2 In light of the foregoing, the Court GRANTS the Petition. Accordingly, 3 ||Respondents SHALL RELEASE Petitioner within two (2) business days of the electronic 4 ||docketing of this Order subject to reasonable conditions of supervision as determined in 5 || accordance with 8 U.S.C. § 1231(a)(3) and applicable regulations. Respondents SHALL 6 || REPORT Petitioner’s release and any conditions imposed on such release within five (5) 7 || days of the electronic docketing of this Order. The Clerk of Court SHALL CLOSE this 8 and related actions 18-CV-1771 JLS (BLM) and 19-CV-710 JLS (BLM). 9 IT IS SO ORDERED. 10 11 |/Dated: August 7, 2020 . tt f te 12 on. Janis L. Sammartino 3 United States District Judge 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28