Smith v. Aetna Life Insurance Company ( 2020 )

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 11 SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 12 13 ONA SMITH, Case No.: 18-cv-1463 JLS (WVG) 14 Plaintiff, ORDER (1) GRANTING IN PART 15 v. AND DENYING IN PART PLAINTIFF’S MOTION FOR 16 AETNA LIFE INSURANCE ATTORNEYS’ FEES, INTEREST COMPANY, et al., 17 AND COSTS; (2) OVERRULING Defendants. DEFENDANT’S EVIDENTIARY 18 OBJECTIONS; (3) GRANTING IN 19 PART AND DENYING IN PART PLAINTIFF’S REQUESTS FOR 20 JUDICIAL NOTICE; AND (4) 21 GRANTING DEFENDANT’S REQUEST FOR JUDICIAL NOTICE 22 (ECF No. 30) 23 24 Presently before the Court is Plaintiff Ona Smith’s (“Plaintiff”) Motion for 25 Attorneys’ Fees, Interest and Costs (“Mot.,” ECF No. 30), as well as Defendant Aetna Life 26 Insurance Company’s (“Defendant”) Opposition thereto (“Opp’n,” ECF No. 33) and 27 Plaintiff’s Reply in support thereof (“Reply,” ECF No. 38). Also before the Court are 28 1 Objs.,” ECF No. 34) and Robert J. McKennon (“McKennon Evid. Objs.,” ECF No. 35) 2 and Plaintiff’s Response thereto (“Resp. to Evid. Objs.,” ECF No. 38-1); Defendant’s 3 Request for Judicial Notice (“Def.’s RJN,” ECF No. 36); and Plaintiff’s Requests for 4 Judicial Notice (“Pl.’s RJNs,” ECF Nos. 30-20, & 38-6). The Court vacated the hearing 5 on Plaintiff’s Motion and took it under submission without oral argument pursuant to Civil 6 Local Rule 7.1(d)(1). See ECF No. 37. 7 Having carefully considered the underlying record, the Parties’ arguments, and the 8 relevant law, the Court GRANTS IN PART AND DENIES IN PART Plaintiff’s Motion, 9 awarding $182,869.82 in fees ($178,562.25) and costs ($4,307.57) and denying pre- 10 judgment interest. The Court further OVERRULES Defendant’s Evidentiary Objections, 11 GRANTS IN PART AND DENIES IN PART Plaintiff’s Requests for Judicial Notice, 12 and GRANTS Defendant’s Request for Judicial Notice. 13 BACKGROUND 14 On June 26, 2018, Plaintiff filed a Complaint pursuant to the Employee Retirement 15 Income Security Act of 1974 (“ERISA”), 29 U.S.C. Section 1002 et seq., alleging that 16 Defendant improperly terminated her disability benefits. See generally ECF No. 1. On 17 January 7, 2019, the Parties appeared for an Early Neutral Evaluation and Case 18 Management Conference before Magistrate Judge Gallo. See ECF No. 20. “At that time, 19 the underlying claims had been resolved and all that remained was a dispute regarding 20 attorney’s fees.” ECF No. 24 at 1–2. 21 On January 28, 2019, Defendant filed a motion to compel production of Plaintiff’s 22 fee agreement with her counsel. ECF No. 22. Plaintiff opposed. ECF No. 23. On March 23 25, 2019, Magistrate Judge Gallo issued an order denying Defendant’s motion. ECF No. 24 24. Magistrate Judge Gallo found that controlling Ninth Circuit law prohibits a court from 25 relying on a contingency fee agreement to increase or decrease the reasonable fees to be 26 awarded on a motion for attorneys’ fees. Id. at 3–4 (citing Van Gerwen v. Guarantee Mut. 27 Life Co., 214 F.3d 1041, 1048 (9th Cir. 2000)). 28 / / / 1 On April 8, 2019, Defendant filed objections to Magistrate Judge Gallo’s order 2 denying its motion to compel. ECF No. 25. Following a full briefing of Defendant’s 3 objections, this Court issued an order finding Magistrate Judge Gallo’s order neither clearly 4 erroneous nor contrary to the law and overruling Defendant’s objections. ECF No. 29. 5 On September 9, 2019, Plaintiff filed the instant Motion. ECF No. 30. 6 LEGAL STANDARD 7 “In any [ERISA] action . . . by a participant, . . . the court in its discretion may allow 8 a reasonable attorney’s fee and costs of action to either party.” 29 U.S.C. § 1132(g)(1). 9 “This fee award, however, applies solely to fees incurred in the judicial proceeding; fees 10 incurred during ‘the administrative phase of the claims process’ are not recoverable under 11 § 1132(g).” Castillo v. Metro. Life Ins. Co., 970 F.3d 1224, 1228 (9th Cir. 2020) (citations 12 omitted). 13 “[A] fees claimant must show ‘some degree of success on the merits’ before a court 14 may award attorney’s fees under § 1132(g)(1).” Hardt v. Reliance Standard Life Ins. Co., 15 560 U.S. 242, 255 (2010) (citation omitted). If the party seeking a recovery of fees in an 16 ERISA case has shown “some degree of success on the merits,” the court considers five 17 factors in deciding whether a fee award is appropriate: 18 (1) the degree of the opposing parties' culpability or bad faith; (2) the ability of the opposing parties to satisfy an award of fees; (3) 19 whether an award of fees would deter others from acting under 20 similar circumstances; (4) whether the parties requesting fees sought to benefit all plan participants or resolve a significant 21 legal question; and (5) the relative merits of the parties' positions. 22 23 McElwaine v. US West, Inc., 176 F.3d 1167, 1172 (9th Cir. 1999). These factors are often 24 called the “Hummell factors,” as they were first articulated in Hummell v. S. E. Rykoff & 25 Co., 634 F.2d 446 (9th Cir. 1980). In applying the Hummell factors, the court “must keep 26 at the forefront ERISA's remedial purposes that ‘should be liberally construed in favor of 27 protecting participants in employee benefit plans.’” McElwaine, 176 F.3d at 1172 (citing 28 Smith v. CMTA–IAM Pension Trust, 746 F.2d 587, 589 (9th Cir. 1983)). 1 If the court determines that it is appropriate to award fees, the court calculates a 2 reasonable fee award using a two-step process. See Fischer v. SJB-P.D. Inc., 214 F.3d 3 1115, 1119 (9th Cir. 2000). “First, the court must calculate the ‘lodestar figure’ by taking 4 the number of hours reasonably expended on the litigation and multiplying it by a 5 reasonable hourly rate.” Id. (citing Hensley v. Eckerhart, 461 U.S. 424, 433 (1983)). 6 “Second, the court must decide whether to enhance or reduce the lodestar figure based on 7 an evaluation of the Kerr v. Screen Extras Guild, Inc., 526 F.2d 67 (9th Cir. 1975), 8 abrogated on other grounds by City of Burlington v. Dague, 505 U.S. 557 (1992), factors 9 that are not already subsumed in the initial lodestar calculation.” Fischer, 214 F.3d at 1119 10 (citing Van Gerwen v. Guarantee Mut. Life Co., 214 F.3d 1041, 1045 (9th Cir. 2000); 11 Morales v. City of San Rafael, 96 F.3d 359, 363–64 (9th Cir. 1996)). 12 ANALYSIS 13 I. Attorneys’ Fees 14 Plaintiff requests attorneys’ fees in the amount of $225,630, reflecting 405 hours of 15 work completed through the preparation of the fee motion for a total of $203,730, plus an 16 additional $21,900 for 47.60 hours of work completed since the filing of the Motion. Decl. 17 of Robert J. McKennon in Support of Pl. Ona Smith’s Mot. for Attorneys’ Fees, Interest 18 and Costs (“McKennon Decl.,” ECF No. 30-5) ¶ 31; Supp. Decl. of Robert J. McKennon 19 in Support of Pl. Ona Smith’s Mot. for Attorneys’ Fees, Interest and Costs (“Supp. 20 McKennon Decl.,” ECF No. 38-2) ¶ 7. 1 21 As an initial matter, Defendants contend that Plaintiff is not entitled to fees at all. 22 Opp’n at 6. However, to the extent the Court is inclined to award fees, Defendant counters 23 that Plaintiff’s counsels’ hourly rates are unreasonable and the hours unreasonably 24 expended. Id. at 9. Defendant argues that both the hourly rates and hours worked should 25 be reduced drastically, resulting in a total fee award of $45,250. Id. at 25. 26 27 1 Originally, Plaintiff had estimated that the fees for preparing her Reply would total $9,000, see Suppl. 28 McKennon Decl. ¶ 6, but Plaintiff provided an itemized list of actual hours worked as an exhibit thereto. 1 A. “Some Degree of Success on the Merits” 2 In order for Plaintiff to be entitled to fees, she must first establish that she has 3 achieved “some degree of success on the merits.” See Hardt, 560 U.S. at 255. Plaintiff 4 argues that “[t]he fact that Aetna reinstated Smith’s disability benefits because she filed 5 suit and it did not want to face the trial that would occur unequivocally qualifies as ‘some 6 degree of success on the merits’ under the Supreme Court’s low threshold in Hardt.” Mot. 7 at 10. Defendant, on the other hand, argues that because it voluntarily reinstated Plaintiff’s 8 benefits, and therefore “Plaintiff did not even get any kind of determination on her claim 9 from the Court,” Plaintiff did not achieve “success on the merits.” Opp’n at 6. 10 In essence, Plaintiff is asserting a “catalyst theory of success,” i.e., “that, for 11 purposes of determining an award of attorneys’ fees, a plaintiff prevails if he achieves the 12 desired outcome of litigation even if it results from a voluntary change in the defendant’s 13 conduct.” Dmuchowsky v. Sky Chefs, Inc., No. 18CV01559HSGDMR, 2019 WL 1934480, 14 at *3 (N.D. Cal. May 1, 2019), amended, 2019 WL 2612715 (June 26, 2019), report and 15 recommendation adopted, 2019 WL 3037599 (July 11, 2019). Although the case law 16 assessing whether a catalyst theory of success is viable in ERISA actions is somewhat 17 mixed—compare, e.g., Barnes v. AT & T Pension Benefit Plan-Nonbargained Program, 18 963 F. Supp. 2d 950, 963–66 (N.D. Cal. 2013) (applying catalyst theory in awarding fees 19 in ERISA action), Harrison v. Metro. Life Ins. Co., No. 13-CV-05585-VC, 2016 WL 20 4414851, at *1 (N.D. Cal. June 21, 2016) (same), and Dmuchowsky, 2019 WL 1934480, 21 at *2–6 (same), with Culbertson-Chavira v. Life Ins. Co. of N. Am., No. 2:17-CV-01702- 22 JAM-AC, 2018 WL 3532907, at *1–4 (E.D. Cal. July 23, 2018) (refusing to award ERISA 23 fees where Court had not issued any rulings on the merits)—the Court finds the reasoning 24 of cases adopting the catalyst theory to be more persuasive and in-line with the spirit of 25 ERISA. 26 Ultimately, Plaintiff obtained the very relief she sought in her Complaint, not merely 27 “trivial success on the merits or a purely procedural victory.” Hardt, 560 U.S. at 255 28 (internal citations and alterations omitted) (quoting Ruckelshaus v. Sierra Club, 463 U.S. 1 680, 688 n.9 (1983)). And it seems likely that Plaintiff’s lawsuit was at least one factor 2 that caused Defendant to reverse its denial of Plaintiff’s benefits. Accordingly, the Court 3 finds Plaintiff has shown “some success on the merits.” 4 B. The Hummell Factors 5 Because the Court finds that Plaintiff has shown “some success on the merits,” the 6 Court now analyzes the five Hummell factors to determine whether, in its discretion, it 7 should award Plaintiff’s fees. 8 1. Factor 1: Defendant’s Culpability/Bad Faith 9 The first factor is Defendant’s degree of “culpability or bad faith.” McElwaine, 176 10 F.3d at 1172. Plaintiff argues that this factor weighs in favor of fees because Defendant 11 “‘cherry-picked’ opinions from among its multiple experts . . . in order to dictate a ‘not 12 disabled’ result; this constitutes culpable and bad-faith conduct.” Mot. at 13. Furthermore, 13 Plaintiff argues that the fact that Defendant “denied Smith’s benefits incorrectly, as 14 evidenced by the fact that it has now reinstated them,” evidences Defendant’s culpability. 15 Id. Defendant, on the other hand, argues that this factor weighs against granting fees, 16 because its initial denial of Plaintiff’s benefits was made in good faith based on the 17 information it had at the time. Opp’n at 7. 18 Having considered the Parties’ arguments and the limited evidence before it, the 19 Court believes this factor weighs slightly against a fee award. There is no evidence that 20 Defendant denied Plaintiff’s benefits in bad faith. Moreover, while Defendant may have 21 reversed its decision because it determined its denial of benefits to Plaintiff was wrongful, 22 Defendant may have simply desired to avoid the cost of prolonged litigation. Accordingly, 23 the Court does not view Defendant’s mere reversal of its initial position, made voluntarily 24 before the Court issued any rulings on the merits concerning the wrongfulness of 25 Defendant’s behavior, to be definitive evidence of Defendant’s culpability. See Mogck v. 26 Unum Life Ins. Co. of Am., 289 F. Supp. 2d 1181, 1188 (S.D. Cal. 2003) (finding first 27 Hummell factor weighed against fee award where parties never litigated the merits of 28 plaintiff’s claim). 1 2. Factor 2: Defendant’s Ability to Satisfy a Fee Award 2 The second factor is the degree to which Defendant would be able to pay an award 3 of fees. McElwaine, 176 F.3d at 1172. Plaintiff asserts that “there is no reason to believe 4 that Aetna cannot satisfy an award of attorneys’ fees in this case because it is a huge 5 insurance company,” and that the Ninth Circuit has stated that “a court should accord great 6 weight” to this factor. Mot. at 13 (citing Smith v. CMTA-IAM Pension Tr., 746 F.2d 587, 7 590 (9th Cir. 1984)). Defendant does not contest that it is capable of paying an award of 8 fees, but does argue that this factor “is not decisive,” particularly where “other factors . . . 9 demonstrate such recovery would be inappropriate.” Opp’n at 7. 10 While the Court agrees that “no one of the Hummell factors . . . is necessarily 11 decisive,” Carpenters S. Cal. Admin. Corp. v. Russell, 726 F.2d 1410, 1416 (9th Cir. 1984) 12 (citation omitted), the Court finds that this factor weighs heavily in favor of a fee award. 13 The Ninth Circuit has stated: “Based on this factor alone, absent special circumstances, a 14 prevailing ERISA employee plaintiff should ordinarily receive attorney’s fees from the 15 defendant.” Smith, 746 F.2d at 590. Defendant does not claim to be incapable of paying 16 an award of fees and has raised no persuasive special circumstances here justifying a denial 17 of Plaintiff’s fee request. 18 3. Factor 3: Deterrence of Others 19 The third factor is whether an award of fees would deter similar misconduct by 20 others. McElwaine, 176 F.3d at 1172. Plaintiff argues that awarding her full fees “would 21 tend to deter Aetna, and other ERISA administrators, from similar poor conduct, such as 22 improperly terminating disability benefits and then forcing the insured to pursue extensive 23 litigation in order to secure the benefits.” Mot. at 13–14. Defendant, on the other hand, 24 argues that fees are not justified to deter future bad conduct, because there was substantial 25 evidence to support its denial of Plaintiff’s benefits in this case. Opp’n at 7. 26 As with the first factor, without the Court having made any legal conclusions on the 27 merits that Defendant’s initial denial of Plaintiff’s benefits was wrongful, the Court is 28 hesitant affirmatively to find that Defendant’s initial denial constitutes misconduct that 1 requires deterrence in the future. Accordingly, the Court concludes this factor is neutral. 2 See Mogck, 289 F. Supp. 2d at 1189. 3 4. Factor 4: Whether Plaintiff Sought to Benefit Others 4 The fourth Hummell factor is “whether the parties requesting fees sought to benefit 5 all plan participants or resolve a significant legal question.” McElwaine, 176 F.3d at 1172. 6 Plaintiff claims this factor supports her fee request, as “the result in this case will serve the 7 purpose of benefitting all the participants of Pricesmart’s employee benefit plan, as well as 8 beneficiaries of other ERISA plans administered by Aetna,” because “Aetna will 9 presumably be more thorough in examining the claims before it.” Mot. at 14. Defendant, 10 on the other hand, claims this factor is inapplicable, as Plaintiff did not seek benefits for 11 anyone other than herself in her lawsuit. Opp’n at 7. 12 The Court agrees with Defendant that this factor is neutral. Plaintiff only sought to 13 challenge Defendant’s adjudication of her own claim for benefits. Accordingly, this factor 14 weighs neither in favor of nor against awarding fees. See, e.g., Fleming v. Kemper Nat. 15 Servs., Inc., 373 F. Supp. 2d 1000, 1006 (N.D. Cal. 2005) (finding factor not to support fee 16 award where “plaintiff sought only to obtain benefits for herself”). 17 5. Factor 5: Relative Merits of the Parties’ Positions 18 The fifth and final factor is the relative merits of the Parties’ positions. McElwaine, 19 176 F.3d at 1172. Plaintiff claims this factor also supports an award of fees because 20 Defendant voluntarily decided to award Plaintiff the relief she sought, demonstrating the 21 merit of Plaintiff’s position. Mot. at 14. Defendant counters that its decision to deny 22 benefits based on the information it had before it at the time had substantial merit. Opp’n 23 at 8. 24 The Court finds this factor supports an award of fees. The Ninth Circuit has stated 25 that the fifth factor “is, in the final analysis, the result obtained by the plaintiff.” Smith v. 26 CMTA-IAM Pension Tr., 746 F.2d 587, 590 (9th Cir. 1984). While it may be that 27 Defendant’s denial of Plaintiff’s claim was supported by the evidence available to 28 / / / 1 Defendant at the time, ultimately, Defendant voluntarily reversed its decision, suggesting 2 that Defendant viewed the merits of Plaintiff’s position to be stronger than its own. 3 6. Balancing 4 “The Hummell factors ‘reflect a balancing’ and not all factors need to weigh in favor 5 of a fee award.” Mogck, 289 F. Supp. 2d at 1188 (citing McElwaine, 176 F.3d at 1173). 6 After balancing the Hummell factors and bearing in mind that the Ninth Circuit “ha[s] 7 stressed that our application of the Hummell factors must recognize the remedial purpose 8 of ERISA in favor of participants and beneficiaries,” Honolulu Joint Apprenticeship & 9 Training Comm. of United Ass’n Local Union No. 675 v. Foster, 332 F.3d 1234, 1239 (9th 10 Cir. 2003), the Court finds it appropriate to exercise its discretion to award fees to Plaintiff 11 in this case. 12 C. Fee Calculation 13 Having determined that it is appropriate to award fees, the Court must now calculate 14 the “lodestar figure” and assess whether to enhance or reduce it based on the circumstances 15 of this case. 16 1. Reasonableness of Hourly Rates 17 “[T]he burden is on the fee applicant to produce satisfactory evidence—in addition 18 to the attorney’s own affidavits—that the requested rates are in line with those prevailing 19 in the community for similar services by lawyers of reasonably comparable skill, 20 experience, and reputation.” Camacho v. Bridgeport Fin., Inc., 523 F.3d 973, 979 (9th Cir. 21 2008) (quoting Blum v. Stenson, 465 U.S. 886, 895 n.11 (1984)). “[T]he relevant 22 community is the forum in which the district court sits.” Id. (citing Barjon v. Dalton, 132 23 F.2d 496, 500 (9th Cir. 1997)). “[A]ffidavits of the plaintiffs’ attorney[s] and other 24 attorneys regarding prevailing fees in the community, and rate determinations in other 25 cases . . . are satisfactory evidence of the prevailing market rate.” Id. at 980 (second and 26 third alterations in original) (quoting United Steelworkers of Am. v. Phelps Dodge Corp., 27 896 F.2d 403, 407 (9th Cir. 1990)). The Court may also consider cases setting reasonable 28 rates during the time period in which the fees in the present action were incurred, see 1 Camacho, 523 F.3d 973, 981 (9th Cir. 2008) (citing Bell v. Clackamas Cty., 341 F.3d 858, 2 869 (9th Cir. 2003)), which—in this case—is between 2017 and 2019. See generally 3 McKennon Decl. Ex. 6; see also Bell, 341 F.3d at 869 (holding that district court abused 4 its discretion in applying “market rates in effect more than two years before the work was 5 performed”) (emphasis in original). “Once the fee applicant has proffered such evidence, 6 the opposing party must produce its own affidavits or other evidence to rebut the proposed 7 rate.” Cortes v. Metro Life Ins. Co., 380 F. Supp. 2d 1125, 1129 (C.D. Cal. 2005) (citing 8 United Steelworkers of Am. v. Phelps Dodge Corp., 896 F.2d 403, 407 (9th Cir. 1990)). 9 Plaintiff seeks hourly rates of (1) $700 per hour for Mr. Robert J. McKennon for his 10 time before September 1, 2018, and $750 per hour thereafter; (2) $375 per hour for Mr. 11 Nicolas A. West; and (3) $400 per hour for Mr. David S. Rankin for his time before May 12 24, 2018, and $450 per hour thereafter. Mot. at 21. Plaintiff argues that these rates are in 13 line with the prevailing market rates for attorneys of similar experience and reflect the risk 14 assumed and experience of her counsel. Id. (citing McKennon Decl. ¶¶ 12, 30). 15 It appears undisputed that Mr. McKennon is highly experienced in ERISA cases, 16 having handled hundreds of ERISA cases in his more than 33 years as a practicing lawyer, 17 and that he has received a fair amount of recognition for his work. Mot. at 22, McKennon 18 Decl. ¶¶ 1–10. Plaintiff points to Reddick v. Metropolitan Life Insurance Company, Case 19 No. 3:15-cv-02326-L-WVG, 2018 WL 637938 (S.D. Cal. Jan. 31, 2018), in which Judge 20 Lorenz approved hourly rates of $700 for Mr. McKennon, as proof of the reasonableness 21 of Mr. McKennon’s hourly rates. Mot. at 23–24; McKennon Decl. ¶ 21. 22 Plaintiff also cites to numerous other cases in which courts have approved similar 23 rates as reasonable, although these all appear to be cases in the Northern and Central 24 Districts of California. See Mot. at 24–28; McKennon Decl. ¶¶ 14–20. However, “the 25 relevant community is the Southern District of California because it is ‘the forum in which 26 the district court sits.’” Joe Hand Promotions, Inc. v. Maldonado, 2010 WL 3504858, at 27 *1 (S.D. Cal. Sept. 3, 2010) (Sammartino, J.) (quoting Camacho, 523 F.3d at 979). 28 / / / 1 Accordingly, the Court accords minimal weight to these authorities from outside the 2 Southern District of California.2 3 Further, Plaintiff supports her fee request by claiming that Aetna and other insurance 4 companies have agreed to pay her counsels’ hourly rates pursuant to a number of settlement 5 agreements entered into to resolve ERISA cases, all filed in the Central District of 6 California. Mot. at 25; McKennon Decl. ¶¶ 22–29. Defendant argues that “[Mr. 7 McKennon’s] interpretation of settlement agreements not provided is not the best evidence 8 of those written contracts,” and that Defendant would be unable to respond to Defendant’s 9 statements without breaching confidentiality. Opp’n at 13. The Court agrees that 10 Plaintiff’s statements about fees purportedly paid as part of the settlement of litigation is 11 evidence of limited probative value. Much as, in patent cases, settlement agreements are 12 generally viewed as having limited value in determining the reasonable royalty for a patent, 13 given that other considerations, such as the desire to avoid further litigation, likely factor 14 into the settlement sum—see, e.g., LaserDynamics, Inc. v. Quanta Comp., Inc., 694 F.3d 15 51, 77–78 (Fed. Cir. 2012)—the Court finds that, even accepting that the insurers paid the 16 McKennon firm’s rates without objection as part of settlement agreements, that fact is not 17 proof that those rates are the reasonable rates clients would necessarily pay for counsel’s 18 services, as other factors, like the desire to conclude the litigation, may have pushed those 19 rates either upward or downward. Thus, the Court accords limited weight to the rates 20 purportedly paid to Plaintiff’s counsel pursuant to settlement. 21 / / / 22 23 2 While Plaintiff argues for a “‘national’ rate for ERISA practitioners,” citing an unpublished case from 24 the Northern District of Iowa, McKennon Decl. ¶ 14, n.2 (citing Torgeson v. Unum Life Ins. Co., No. C05- 3052-MWB, 2007 WL 433540, at *6 (N.D. Iowa Feb. 5, 2007)), the Court is not convinced. Although 25 the Court recognizes that Mr. McKennon’s practice may span cases in different jurisdictions, the fact is that many practitioners in a variety of practice areas represent clients in actions outside of the jurisdiction 26 in which they are physically located. Nonetheless, in the Ninth Circuit, the jurisdiction in which the action is brought is the standard by which reasonable rates are assessed, unless an exception to the general rule 27 applies. Camacho, 523 F.3d at 979. This Court is not convinced, based on the evidence before it, that 28 this case represents an exception to the general rule, and accordingly sees no principled reason to treat 1 Finally, Plaintiff relies on the declarations of Mr. McKennon, Mr. West, and several 2 other attorneys to support the requested rates. See generally McKennon Decl., West Decl.,3 3 Decl. of Scott E. Calvert in Support of Mot. for Attorneys’ Fees, Interest and Costs 4 (“Calvert Decl.,” ECF No. 30-19), Decl. of Glenn R. Kantor in Support of Pl.’s Mot. for 5 Attorneys’ Fees and Costs (“Kantor Decl.,” ECF No. 30-21).4 Although the Court 6 acknowledges that the declarations of Plaintiff’s counsel and of other ERISA practitioners 7 may be “self-serving and self-perpetuating,” Opp’n at 14, the Court notes that its decision 8 in Kochenderfer v. Reliance Standard Life Insurance Company, No. 06-CV-620 9 JLS(NLS), 2010 WL 1912867 (S.D. Cal. Apr. 21, 2010), cited by Defendant, see Opp’n at 10 14, is distinguishable, as it was issued during the height of an economic recession and 11 major disruption of the legal market. In general, the Court is inclined to find that “judicial 12 standards—such as those embodied in Rule 11(b) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure— 13 should mitigate the risks that attorneys will submit affidavits that attest to artificially high 14 rates,” particularly given that the Ninth Circuit has approved the use of such affidavits as 15 satisfactory evidence to support a fee motion. Kroll v. Kaiser Found. Health Plan Long 16 Term Disability Plan, No. C 09-01404 LB, 2011 WL 13240371, at *7 (N.D. Cal. Aug. 25, 17 2011), report and recommendation adopted, No. C 09-01404 JSW, 2011 WL 13244861 18 (N.D. Cal. Oct. 26, 2011) (citing Phelps Dodge Corp., 896 F.2d at 407). 19 20 3 The Court notes that Defendant submitted Evidentiary Objections to both the declarations of Mr. West 21 (ECF No. 34) and Mr. McKennon (ECF No. 35). The Court has placed appropriate weight on the statements to which Defendant objects, as reflected throughout this Opinion. Accordingly, the Court 22 OVERRULES Defendant’s Evidentiary Objections. 23 4 Plaintiff requests that the Court take judicial notice of the Kantor Declaration. See Pl.’s RJN (ECF No. 24 30-20) at 2. “While . . . filings and orders in other court proceedings[] are judicially noticeable for certain purposes, such as to demonstrate the existence of other court proceedings, they are not judicially 25 noticeable for [Plaintiff’s] purpose, which is to demonstrate that his arguments and allegations against Defendant[] are true.” Missud v. Nevada, 861 F. Supp. 2d 1044, 1054 (N.D. Cal. 2012), aff’d, 520 F. 26 App’x 534 (9th Cir. 2013) (citing Fed. R. Evid. 201). Thus, while the Court GRANTS Plaintiff’s Request for Judicial Notice, the Court only takes notice of the facts that the Kantor Declaration was filed in Reddick 27 v. Metropolitan Life Insurance Company, Case No. 3:15-cv-02326-L-WVG, on June 22, 2017, and that it 28 contains certain statements about attorneys’ fees. The Court declines to judicially notice the veracity of 1 Weighing all of the evidence submitted by Plaintiff, the Court finds that the $700 2 per hour fee for Mr. McKennon is reasonable in light of Mr. McKennon’s undisputed 3 experience, the Court’s own knowledge of the rates in this District, the supporting 4 declarations, and Judge Lorenz’s decision in Reddick, supra. However, the Court is not 5 inclined to grant the $50 per hour increase requested for all work completed by Mr. 6 McKennon on or after September 1, 2018. The Court is perplexed by the fact that a rate 7 increase is requested for Mr. Rankin as of May 24, 2018, and for Mr. McKennon as of 8 September 1, 2018. The Court does not believe Plaintiff has carried her burden of 9 establishing that such seemingly arbitrary fee increases would have been paid by clients in 10 the relevant community during the relevant timeframe.5 11 The Court finds the supporting evidence for the requested rates for Messrs. West and 12 Reddick to be less compelling, but ultimately, weighing all of the evidence, the Court finds 13 $400 per hour for Mr. Rankin and $375 per hour for Mr. West to be at the upper limit of 14 what a client would have paid during the relevant time in the Southern District of 15 California, and therefore reasonable. During the relevant time frame, the only ERISA case 16 in this District addressing the reasonableness of associates’ hourly rates is Reddick, supra, 17 in which Judge Lorenz approved a rate of $290 per hour, which was not contested. 2018 18 WL 637938, at *4. However, based on the supporting declarations and the Court’s own 19 knowledge of rates in this District, rates of $375 to $400 per hour do not appear to be 20 unreasonable for associates with between two and ten years of legal experience during the 21 relevant period. Again, however, the Court finds that Plaintiff has failed to offer sufficient 22 23 5 Plaintiff argues that “Hartford, which is really Aetna via its 2017 acquisition of Aetna, conceded Mr. 24 McKennon’s hourly rate of $750 in Ibarra [v. Hartford Life & Acc. Ins. Co., Case No. 8:19-cv-00333- DOC],” Reply at 4, and asks the Court to judicially notice Defendant Hartford Life and Accident Insurance 25 Company’s Opposition to Plaintiff’s Motion for Attorneys’ Fees and Costs in that matter. See generally Pl.’s RJN (ECF No. 38-6). The Court DENIES Plaintiff’s Request for Judicial Notice as the Court is not 26 convinced that Hartford’s (assuming Aetna and Hartford really are the same entity—which Plaintiff does not establish) supposed non-opposition to Mr. McKennon’s fees is “a fact that is not subject to reasonable 27 dispute,” Fed. R. Evid. 201(b), where Hartford strenuously objected to the fee request and decried 28 “McKennon’s self-proclaimed ERISA expertise, which he argues commands premium hourly rates of up 1 evidence to justify the requested increase of $50 per hour for Mr. Rankin’s time as of the 2 seemingly arbitrary date of May 24, 2018. 3 Accordingly, the Court finds, in its discretion and based on the evidence offered by 4 both Plaintiff and Defendant, that hourly rates of $700 for Mr. McKennon, $400 for Mr. 5 Rankin, and $375 for Mr. West are reasonable for purposes of this Motion.6 6 2. Reasonableness of the Hours Expended 7 “The party seeking an award of fees should submit evidence supporting the hours 8 worked.” Hensley, 461 U.S. at 434. “The district court . . . should exclude . . . hours that 9 were not ‘reasonably expended’” and “hours that are excessive, redundant, or otherwise 10 unnecessary.” Id. “[T]he [opposing party] bears the burden of providing specific evidence 11 to challenge the accuracy and reasonableness of the hours charged.” McGrath, 67 F.3d at 12 255 (citing Blum, 465 U.S. at 892 n.5; Gates v. Gomez, 60 F.3d 525, 534–35 (9th Cir. 13 1995)). “Overlitigation deemed excessive does not count towards the reasonable time 14 component of a lodestar calculation,” Puccio v. Love, No. 16-CV-02890 W (BGS), 2020 15 WL 434481, at *6 (S.D. Cal. Jan. 28, 2020) (citing Tomovich v. Wolpoff & Abramson, LLP, 16 No. 08cv1428-JM (BLM), 2009 WL 2447710, at *4–5 (S.D. Cal. Aug. 7, 2009)), although 17 the Ninth Circuit has also instructed that, “[b]y and large, the court should defer to the 18 winning lawyer’s professional judgment as to how much time he was required to spend on 19 the case; after all, he won, and might not have, had he been more of a slacker.” Moreno v. 20 City of Sacramento, 534 F.3d 1106, 1112 (9th Cir. 2008). 21 Plaintiff claims that the hours worked were reasonable given the work necessary to 22 litigate the case, including: 23 investigat[ing] the facts; review[ing] Aetna’s large, 2,300-page administrative record multiple times at different stages of the 24 25 6 Defendant argues that Plaintiff’s contingency fee arrangement with her counsel, evidenced by a time 26 entry referencing a “35% offset,” “inflates” counsels’ requested rates. Opp’n at 12–13 (citing McKennon Decl. Ex. 6 at 9). However, given the prior orders by both Magistrate Judge Gallo (ECF No. 24) and this 27 Court (ECF No. 29) finding consideration of the contingency fee agreement improper in this case and 28 denying discovery of the same, the Court declines to consider this time entry (which, at any rate, is not 1 lpietirgfoatrimon[i;n ogb]t aleing[ailn agn] da nWd eebv arleusaeta[irncgh]; Sprmepitahr’[si ncgli]e nat ddeotcauilmede n6t0s-; 2 page Complaint early in the litigation that allowed counsel to 3 draft the mediation briefs more efficiently and put Aetna on notice that Smith had a strong case; attend[ing] the Scheduling 4 Conference; prepar[ing] a mediation brief and attend[ing] a 5 mediation in San Diego; prepar[ing] an ENE conference statement and attend[ing] an ENE conference in San Diego; 6 valu[ing] damages (multiple times); prepar[ing] a detailed 7 settlement demand; engag[ing] in protracted settlement negotiations; prepar[ing] multiple oppositions to Aetna’s 8 attempts to obtain a copy of Smith’s fee agreement; successfully 9 challeng[ing] Aetna’s improper attempts to offset portions of Smith’s worker’s compensation payments from her benefits; and 10 this motion for attorneys’ fees and costs, among numerous other 11 tasks. 12 Mot. at 16–17 (citing McKennon Decl. ¶¶ 31–32 & Ex. 6). Defendant, on the other hand, 13 strongly disputes the reasonableness of the hours spent on this case on a multitude of 14 grounds. 15 First, Defendant argues the hours are unreasonable for a case that “resolved in the 16 formative stage of litigation,” “just three months after Aetna filed its answer.” Opp’n at 1. 17 The Court is admittedly skeptical of the number of hours expended in a case in which only 18 matters related to attorneys’ fees were ever briefed in court, and in which the only court 19 appearance was for an Early Neutral Evaluation Conference focused on the fee issues. See 20 generally Docket. However, the Court addresses this issue infra at 19–21. 21 Second, Defendant claims that the hours expended in each of five phases of the 22 litigation, as identified by Defendant, are excessive for various reasons. For example, 23 Defendant claims that all 65.9 hours billed from December 11, 2017, through March 29, 24 2018, are unrecoverable because that work was performed in the “Administrative Phase” 25 of the case. Opp’n at 16–18. Plaintiff counters that this work “was part of getting ready 26 to file the litigation,” and that Defendant, who refused to consider the documents submitted 27 on the ground that the administrative phase was closed, “cannot have it both ways.” Reply 28 at 7–8. It is well established that “ERISA does not ‘allow[ ] for attorneys’ fees for the 1 administrative phase of the claims process.’” Dishman v. UNUM Life Ins. Co. of Am., 269 2 F.3d 974, 987 (9th Cir. 2001) (citation omitted). However, having reviewed the March 21, 3 2018 letter from Plaintiff’s counsel to Defendant, see ECF No. 30-16, the Court finds 4 Plaintiff’s position that this letter was part of the litigation, rather than a continuation of 5 the administrative process, to be persuasive, and accordingly finds that Defendant has not 6 met its burden of proving the unreasonableness of those hours. The letter is essentially a 7 demand letter, stating, “should Aetna decide to maintain its position, . . . we will 8 immediately file litigation against Aetna on Ms. Smith’s behalf.” Id. at 13. Accordingly, 9 the Court is not of the view that the hours spent reviewing the Administrative Record, 10 preparing the demand letter, and preparing the supporting documents thereto are 11 unrecoverable as part of the “administrative phase.” 12 Defendant argues that Plaintiff’s hours on nearly all other tasks—including re- 13 reviews of the Administrative Record, drafting of the Complaint, drafting of the various 14 motions related to fees, and preparation for the mediation and Early Neutral Evaluation 15 Conference—through the other four “phases” of the litigation are also excessive. Opp’n at 16 18–23. Having reviewed the detailed time records submitted with Mr. McKennon’s 17 Declaration, see generally McKennon Decl. Ex. 6, the Court does not believe Defendant 18 has adequately supported its claim that counsels’ hours are unreasonable. Given that the 19 Administrative Record spanned nearly 2,300 pages, 73.1 hours spent reviewing that 20 voluminous Record, approximately 30 hours spent preparing a 60-page Complaint, and 21 50.2 hours spent preparing for mediation is not per se unreasonable. However, the Court 22 does agree that the hours expended by Plaintiff’s counsel on joint motions prepared by 23 Defendant are unreasonable. As requested by Defendant, the Court reduces the 2.7 hours 24 devoted to joint motions to extend the time to respond to the Complaint to 0.5 hours (from 25 0.7 to 0.1 hours for Mr. McKennon and from 2.0 to 0.4 for Mr. Rankin) and the 3.3 hours 26 devoted to issues concerning the joint motion to continue the Early Neutral Evaluation 27 Conference to 0.5 hours (from 1.5 to 0.2 hours for Mr. McKennon and from 1.8 to 0.3 28 hours for Mr. Rankin). See Opp’n at 19; Decl. of Karen T. Tsui in Support of Def. Aetna’s 1 Opp’n to Pl.’s Mot. for Attorneys’ Fees and Costs (“Tsui Decl.,” ECF No. 33-1) Exs. 17 2 & 22. 3 Third, Defendant argues that time entries for timekeepers not specifically identified 4 and justified in the Motion should be stricken. Opp’n at 12. The Court agrees. While it 5 seems clear “AFF” is a paralegal or other support staff based on the rate of $120 per hour, 6 Plaintiff did not provide any evidence to support the reasonableness of “AFF’s” rate or 7 hours spent on this matter, even on reply. Accordingly, the Court declines to award 15 8 hours, totaling $1,800, for “AFF’s” work in this case. Similarly, “RRT” billed 0.9 hours 9 at $375 per hour on a letter concerning attorneys’ fees in the case. Since, again, Plaintiff 10 presented no evidence to support the reasonableness of this fee or the hours expended by 11 “RRT,” the Court declines to award the requested $337.50 for this particular timekeeper. 12 Fourth, Defendant argues that Plaintiff has block-billed, particularly with regard to 13 preparation of the instant Motion and its supporting documents, and that this has made it 14 “impossible for [Defendant] to determine how much time was spent preparing Mr. 15 McKennon’s declaration.” Opp’n at 23. Although it is true that most of the time entries 16 for the instant Motion are for the “motion . . . and supporting documents,” see generally 17 McKennon Decl. Ex. 6, the Court does not find this objectionable, especially as Defendant 18 argues that significant portions of both the Motion and Mr. McKennon’s declaration were 19 recycled from prior court submissions, making distinguishing between the two unnecessary 20 for purposes of Defendant’s argument. The Court does not find that Defendant has 21 established that Plaintiff block-billed in an unreasonable way. 22 Finally, Defendant takes issue with Plaintiff “preemptively demand[ing] $9,000 for 23 a reply brief that has not even been written yet,” as “[a]nticipated time is . . . not actual 24 time.” Opp’n at 23. Defendant cites to GemCap Lending I, LLC v. Unity Bank Minn., No. 25 18-CV-05979-YGR, 2019 WL 3842010 (N.D. Cal. Aug. 15, 2019), in support of this 26 argument. However, GemCap is inapposite, as there, “Hower’s counsel only estimated the 27 hours they would spend on the reply, and never supplemented the record to substantiate 28 the actual hours.” Id. at *4 (emphasis in original). Here, Plaintiff submitted both the 1 Supplemental McKennon Declaration and an exhibit thereto, see ECF No. 38-5, containing 2 the time records themselves, which show that the McKennon Law Group PC spent 47.6 3 hours, for a total of $21,900, on the reply brief for this Motion. The Supplemental 4 McKennon Declaration explains this significant increase between the estimate and the 5 actual hours expended as follows: “In light of Aetna’s submission of 432 pages in support 6 of its Opposition pleadings, including substantial objections to the evidence in support of 7 the Motion, numerous exhibits, [and] a 25 page legal memorandum, we underestimated the 8 amount of time it would take to respond to Aetna’s submission.” Supp. McKennon Decl. 9 ¶ 6. The Court finds the initial 20 hours estimated reasonable, but declines to award the 10 additional $12,900 requested for the reply brief. See Mogck, 289 F. Supp. 2d at 1194 11 (internal citations omitted) (“With respect to the time spent by Plaintiff’s counsel on 12 preparation of the reply brief for the instant motion, the initial eight hours estimated by 13 Plaintiff’s counsel appears reasonable to the Court. The Court disagrees, however, with 14 Horner’s argument that her work in preparing a reply brief was ‘increased due to the nature 15 of the type of Opposition’ received, and thus declines Plaintiff’s request for additional fees 16 for approximately two days’ work.”). Plaintiff’s experienced counsel should have been 17 able to accurately estimate the likely complexity of Defendant’s Opposition and the time 18 required to respond to it. 19 Accordingly, the Court finds minor adjustments to the hours expended to be 20 required, but largely finds that the hours expended were reasonable for purposes of 21 calculating the lodestar. 22 3. Lodestar Summary 23 In short, the Court finds hourly rates of $375 per hour for Mr. West, $400 per hour 24 for Mr. Rankin, and $700 per hour for Mr. McKennon reasonable. 25 Plaintiff appears to claim 123.5 hours worked by Mr. West, 127.0 hours worked by 26 Mr. Rankin, 135.8 hours worked for Mr. McKennon, and 15.9 hours worked by two other 27 timekeepers. See generally McKennon Decl. Ex. 6. Because Plaintiff provides no support 28 regarding the 15.9 hours worked by unidentified timekeepers, the Court declines to award 1 those fees. The Court also reduces Mr. Rankin’s time by 3.1 hours and Mr. McKennon’s 2 time by 1.9 hours to make the hours expended on joint motions drafted by Defendant 3 reasonable. Finally, the Court approves 16 hours of Mr. West’s time and 4 hours of Mr. 4 McKennon’s time spent drafting the reply brief. 5 Accordingly, the Court calculates the lodestar as follows: 6 Attorney Reasonable Hours Reasonable Rate Total 7 Mr. McKennon 137.9 $700 $96,530.00 8 Mr. Rankin 123.9 $400 $49,560.00 9 Mr. West 139.5 $375 $52,312.50 10 Total 401.3 $198,402.50 11 12 4. Fee Calculation 13 “[I]n appropriate cases, the district court may adjust the ‘presumptively reasonable’ 14 lodestar figure based upon the factors listed in Kerr . . . .” Intel Corp. v. Terabyte Int’l, 15 Inc., 6 F.3d 614, 622 (9th Cir. 1993) (citing D’Emmanuele v. Montgomery Ward & Co., 16 904 F.2d 1379, 1383 (9th Cir. 1990), overruled on other grounds by Dague, 505 U.S. 557). 17 The Kerr factors are: 18 (1) the time and labor required[;] (2) the novelty and difficulty of 19 the questions involved[;] (3) the skill requisite to perform the legal service properly[;] (4) the preclusion of other employment 20 by the attorney due to acceptance of the case[;] (5) the customary 21 fee[;] (6) whether the fee is fixed or contingent[;] (7) time limitations imposed by the client or the circumstances[;] (8) the 22 amount involved and the results obtained[;] (9) the experience, 23 reputation, and ability of the attorneys[;] (10) the ‘undesirability’ of the case[;] (11) the nature and length of the professional 24 relationship with the client[;] and (12) awards in similar cases. 25 26 526 F.2d at 70. “The lodestar amount presumably reflects the novelty and complexity of 27 the issues, the special skill and experience of counsel, the quality of representation, and the 28 results obtained from the litigation.” Intel Corp., 6 F.3d at 622 (citing D’Emanuele, 904 1 F.3d at 1383). While the court may rely on any of these factors to increase or decrease the 2 lodestar figure, there is a “‘strong presumption’ that the lodestar is the reasonable fee.” 3 Crawford v. Astrue, 586 F.3d 1142, 1149 (9th Cir. 2009) (quoting City of Burlington, 505 4 U.S. at 562); accord Harman v. City & Cnty. of San Francisco, 158 Cal. App. 4th 407, 416 5 (2007). 6 Defendant does not explicitly seek any adjustment to Plaintiff’s counsels’ fees based 7 on the Kerr factors. Nonetheless, Defendant does argue that the requested sum is 8 “exorbitant” given that the case “resolved in the formative stage of litigation,” Opp’n at 1; 9 that this was “a garden-variety ERISA case that did not even make it to trial briefing,” id. 10 at 4; and that counsel “cut-and-paste a significant majority of the subject fee motion and 11 supporting declaration from other cases,”7 Opp’n at 5, Tsui Decl. Exs. 30–34, and copy- 12 and-pasted significant passages in the Complaint from letters to Defendant dated 13 September 7, 2017, and March 21, 2018, Opp’n at 4–5, Tsui Decl. Exs. 3–5. 14 The Court finds that Defendant’s arguments have merit. Although Plaintiff’s 15 counsel had to review a voluminous Administrative Record, the only filing in this case to 16 address the merits was the Complaint (itself largely recycled from prior letters), and the 17 instant Motion was relatively uncomplicated and modeled on fee requests previously made 18 by Plaintiff’s counsel. Accordingly, the Court believes a reduction of 10% to the requested 19 fees is appropriate in light of the Kerr factors, particularly the lack of novel or difficult 20 issues in the case. See Moreno, 534 F.3d at 1112 (“The district court can impose a small 21 reduction, no greater than 10 percent—a ‘haircut’—based on its exercise of discretion and 22 without a more specific explanation”); see also Klein v. Gordon, No. 8:17-cv-00123-AB 23 (JPRx), 2019 WL 1751839, at *4 (C.D. Cal. Feb. 12, 2019) (exercising discretion to impose 24 a ten percent “haircut” reduction for clerical work, conferences calls, conversations 25 26 7 Defendant requests the Court take judicial notice of three prior fee motions filed by the McKennon Group in other cases. See generally Def.’s RJN, Tsui Decl. Exs. 30–32. Because Defendant does not ask the 27 Court to accept the truth of the statements within these court filings, but only to acknowledge the existence 28 of certain language therein, which is not subject to dispute, the Court GRANTS Defendant’s Request for 1 amongst co-counsel, and preparation of submissions); Rosenfeld v. U.S. Dep’t of Justice, 2 904 F. Supp. 2d 988, 1008 (N.D. Cal. 2012) (reducing the plaintiff’s lodestar amount by 3 ten percent after factoring in all of the other deductions); Parkinson v. Hyundai Motor Am., 4 796 F. Supp. 2d 1160, 1173 (C.D. Cal. 2010) (reducing the plaintiff’s final fees with a ten 5 percent “haircut” to the lodestar amount, taking into account the defendant’s objections 6 regarding excessive hours and rates). 7 Thus, having considered the Kerr factors, the Court concludes in its discretion that 8 the lodestar amount of $198,402.50 should be reduced by ten percent to account for the 9 relative simplicity of the underlying proceedings. The Court therefore reduces the lodestar 10 figure by $19,840.25 to $178,562.25. 11 II. Costs 12 “A prevailing ERISA Plaintiff is entitled to the categories of costs enumerated under 13 28 U.S.C. § 1920 as well as reasonable out of pocket litigation expenses that lawyers in the 14 community typically bill to clients separately from their hourly rates.” Reddick, 2018 WL 15 637938, at *5 (citing Trustees of Constr. Ind. & Laborers Health & Welfare Trust v. 16 Redland Ins. Co., 460 F.3d 1253, 1258 (9th Cir. 2006)). 17 Plaintiff requests costs totaling $4,307.57, including $400 of filing fees as well as 18 more than $3,900 in other costs such as “travel, postage, service/messenger fees, copying, 19 phone, fax, and electronic research.” Mot. at 28–29. Defendant argues that only the $400 20 in filing fees are recoverable, as Plaintiff’s counsel “has not submitted evidence showing 21 that billing plaintiffs for these other costs is the custom and practice of the ERISA 22 practitioner community.” Opp’n at 24. 23 Mr. McKennon’s statement that it is customary in this region for attorneys to charge 24 such expenses to paying clients separate from their hourly rates, see McKennon Decl. ¶ 46, 25 is consistent with the Court’s experience, as well as prior orders in this District addressing 26 the issue of awardable non-statutory costs. See, e.g., Left Coast Wrestling, LLC v. 27 Dearborn Int’l LLC, No. 317CV00466LABNLS, 2018 WL 2948532, at *2 (S.D. Cal. June 28 12, 2018), report and recommendation adopted, No. 17CV466-LAB (NLS), 2018 WL 1 3032585 (S.D. Cal. June 19, 2018) (“Copy, courier, and legal research fees have been 2 awarded by the Ninth Circuit.”) (citations omitted); Thalheimer v. City of San Diego, No. 3 09CV2862-IEG BGS, 2012 WL 1463635, at *9 (S.D. Cal. Apr. 26, 2012) (awarding costs 4 for “telephone charges, copies, filing fees, courier and mailing fees, and internet research”); 5 Ford v. CEC Entm't Inc., No. 14CV677 JLS (JLB), 2015 WL 11439033, at *6 (S.D. Cal. 6 Dec. 14, 2015) (Sammartino, J.) (finding costs such as “court fees, court reporter charges, 7 delivery and messenger charges, investigators, and travel expenses” would be billed 8 separately from hourly fees and awarding requested $7,888.92); Matlink, Inc. v. Home 9 Depot U.S.A., Inc., No. 07CV1994-DMS BLM, 2008 WL 8504767, at *6-7 (S.D. Cal. Oct. 10 27, 2008) (allowing delivery fees and electronic research costs as expenses recoverable on 11 attorneys’ fees motion); see also In re PETCO Corp. Sec. Litig., No. 05-CV-0823 H (RBB), 12 2008 WL 11508458, at *4 (S.D. Cal. Sept. 2, 2008) (finding mediation costs to be “the 13 type of costs typically billed by attorneys to fee paying clients in the marketplace”). 14 Accordingly, the Court finds the $4,307.57 in costs included by Plaintiff as part of 15 her fee request reasonable. Further, given that these costs are not affected by the Kerr 16 factors the Court found to justify a reduction of the lodestar figure, the Court does not apply 17 the ten percent reduction to these costs. 18 III. Pre-Judgment Interest 19 Finally, Plaintiff requests prejudgment interest on her ERISA benefits, at the post- 20 judgment interest rate, pursuant to Blankenship v. Liberty Life Assurance Co. of Bos., 486 21 F.3d 620, 627 (9th Cir. 2007). Mot. at 29–30. Defendant argues that, because Plaintiff did 22 not win a court award of her past benefits, which Defendant voluntarily paid in December 23 2018, Plaintiff should not be awarded pre-judgment interest. Opp’n at 24–25. 24 The Court agrees with Defendant that the equities here do not warrant an award of 25 pre-judgment interest. “Whether interest will be awarded [in an ERISA case] is a question 26 of fairness, lying within the court’s sound discretion, to be answered by balancing the 27 equities.” Day v. AT & T Disability Income Plan, 608 F. App'x 454, 458 (9th Cir. 2015) 28 (quoting Shaw v. Int’l Ass’n of Machinists & Aerospace Workers Pension Plan, 750 F.2d 1 || 1458, 1465 (9th Cir.1985)) Ginternal quotation marks omitted). Plaintiff did not obtain a 2 ||ruling on the merits from this, or any other, Court, ordering Defendant to pay the denied 3 ||benefits. Rather, Defendant voluntarily reversed its denial decision. Accordingly, the 4 ||Court, in its discretion, finds that the equities weigh against an award of pre-judgment 5 ||interest to Plaintiff on her ERISA benefits. See id. at 459 (upholding district court’s 6 ||decision to award pre-judgment interest on STD benefits, which were awarded by the 7 || district court, but not LTD benefits, on which the plaintiff never obtained any favorable 8 court order). 9 CONCLUSION 10 For the foregoing reasons, the Court GRANTS IN PART AND DENIES IN PART 11 || Plaintiff's Motion, awarding $182,869.82 in fees ($178,562.25) and costs ($4,307.57) and 12 || denying pre-judgment interest. The Court further OVERRULES Defendant’s Evidentiary 13 ||Objections, GRANTS IN PART AND DENIES IN PART Plaintiff's Requests for 14 || Judicial Notice, and GRANTS Defendant’s Request for Judicial Notice. 15 IT IS SO ORDERED. 16 || Dated: October 14, 2020 , tt 7 i Janis L. Sammartino United States District Judge 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28