Hyde-Edwards Salon & Spa v. JPMorgan Chase & Co. ( 2020 )

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 9 SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 10 11 HYDE-EDWARDS SALON & SPA, Case No.: 20cv762 DMS(MDD) Individually and on Behalf of All Others 12 Similarly Situated, ORDER GRANTING 13 DEFENDANTS’ MOTION TO Plaintiffs, COMPEL ARBITRATION AND TO 14 v. STAY THE ACTION PENDING 15 ARBITRATION JP MORGAN CHASE & CO and 16 JPMORGAN CHASE BANK, N.A., 17 Defendants. 18 19 20 21 This case comes before the Court on Defendants’ motion to compel arbitration and 22 to stay the action pending arbitration. Plaintiff filed an opposition and Defendants filed a 23 reply. For the following reasons, the Court grants the motion. 24 I. 25 BACKGROUND 26 Plaintiff Hyde-Edwards Salon and Spa is a customer of Defendants JP Morgan 27 Chase & Co. and JP Morgan Chase Bank, N.A. (Compl. ¶39.) On approximately March 28 1 17, 2020, Plaintiff’s business closed in accordance with San Diego County’s Shelter in 2 Place Order issued in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. (Id. ¶38.) 3 After Plaintiff’s business closed, the federal government enacted the Coronavirus 4 Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (“CARES”) Act, which was meant to provide $376 5 billion in economic assistance to small businesses. (Id. ¶18.) As part of the CARES Act, 6 the Government established a federal Paycheck Protection Program (“PPP”), which “was 7 designed to help small business owners cover the costs associated with retaining their 8 employees during the COVID-19 pandemic by providing 100% federally guaranteed 9 loans.” (Id. ¶21.) 10 On approximately April 8, 2020, Plaintiff applied for loan assistance through the 11 PPP with Defendants. (Id. ¶39.) On April 19, 2020, Plaintiff received an email stating “its 12 application was in Stage 2 of the review process, but that PPP funds were no longer 13 available.” (Id. ¶41.) Plaintiff alleges it has received no further communication from 14 Defendants about the status of its loan application. (Id.) 15 On April 22, 2020, Plaintiff filed the present case. In the Complaint, Plaintiff alleges 16 Defendants made “false, misleading, and deceptive representations and omissions 17 concerning their processing of economic assistance via the [PPP], by engaging in conduct 18 prohibited by law and regulations with customers and clients, and by otherwise engaging 19 in sharp business practices.” (Id. ¶1.) Specifically, Plaintiff alleges the PPP guidelines 20 stated that loans should be processed on a “first come, first served” basis, but Defendants 21 ignored those guidelines. (Id. ¶3.) Instead, Defendants: 22 prioritized the processing of large loans over smaller loans and loans for which Defendants risked greater exposure in the event of a business failure over 23 loans where the risk exposure was less. For instance, Defendants prioritized 24 processing the loans for large restaurant chains such as Ruth’s Chris Steakhouse (approved $20 million on April 7), Shake Shack ($10 million), 25 Potbelly Sandwich Shop (approved $10 million on April 6), and Texas Taco 26 Cabana (approved $10 million on April 8). 27 28 1 (Id.) Plaintiff alleges Defendant misled and deceived it “into believing applications for 2 loans through the PPP were processed in the order received with no regard to loan amount, 3 when in fact the loan amount certainly influenced the order in which loans were processed 4 and approved.” (Id. ¶44.) Plaintiff alleges it would have submitted its application through 5 another lender had it known of Defendants’ actual practices. (Id. ¶45.) 6 Based on these allegations, Plaintiff brings five claims against Defendants on behalf 7 of itself and the following class: “All eligible persons or entities in the State of California 8 who applied for a loan under the PPP with Defendants and whose applications were not 9 processed by Defendants in accordance with SBA regulations and requirements or 10 California law.” (Id. ¶53.) The claims allege: (1) violations of California’s False 11 Advertising Law, Cal. Bus. & Prof. Code § 17500, et seq., (2) violations of California’s 12 Unfair Competition Law, Cal. Bus. & Prof. Code § 17200, et seq., (3) fraudulent 13 concealment, (4) breach of fiduciary duty, and (5) negligence. In response to the 14 Complaint, Defendants filed the present motion. 15 II. 16 DISCUSSION 17 Defendants move to compel arbitration of Plaintiff’s claims pursuant to Plaintiff’s 18 Deposit Account Agreement (“DAA”) with Chase and Chase’s Online Services Agreement 19 (“Online Agreement”), both of which include an arbitration provision. Plaintiff does not 20 dispute that it signed these Agreements, but argues they do not apply to the claims alleged 21 in this case. The parties also dispute whether these Agreements delegate arbitrability to 22 the arbitrator. 23 The FAA governs the enforcement of arbitration agreements involving interstate 24 commerce. Am. Express Co. v. Italian Colors Rest., 570 U.S. 228, 232–33 (2013). “The 25 overarching purpose of the FAA ... is to ensure the enforcement of arbitration agreements 26 according to their terms so as to facilitate streamlined proceedings.” AT&T Mobility LLC 27 v. Concepcion, 563 U.S. 333, 344 (2011). “The FAA ‘leaves no place for the exercise of 28 discretion by the district court, but instead mandates that district courts shall direct the 1 parties to proceed to arbitration on issues as to which an arbitration agreement has been 2 signed.’” Kilgore v. KeyBank, Nat. Ass’n, 718 F.3d 1052, 1058 (9th Cir. 2013) (quoting 3 Dean Witter Reynolds, Inc. v. Byrd, 470 U.S. 213, 218 (1985)) (emphasis in original). 4 Consistent with these principles, the Court’s role under the FAA is to determine “(1) 5 whether a valid agreement to arbitrate exists, and if it does, (2) whether the agreement 6 encompasses the dispute at issue.” Chiron Corp. v. Ortho Diagnostic Sys., Inc., 207 F.3d 7 1126, 1130 (9th Cir. 2000). “However, these gateway issues can be expressly delegated to 8 the arbitrator where ‘the parties clearly and unmistakably provide otherwise.’” Brennan v. 9 Opus Bank, 796 F.3d 1125, 1130 (9th Cir. 2015) (quoting AT & T Techs., Inc. v. Commc'ns 10 Workers of Am., 475 U.S. 643, 649 (1986)). 11 Here, Plaintiff does not dispute that it agreed to the DAA and the Online Agreement, 12 both of which include an arbitration provision. (See Decl. of Laura Deck in Supp. of Mot. 13 (“Deck Decl.”), Ex. 5, ECF No. 17-1 at 142-42 (“DAA”); Decl. of Nicholas Sergi in Supp. 14 of Mot. (“Sergi Decl.”), Ex. 10, ECF No. 17-3 at 38-39 (“Online Agreement”).) Thus, 15 there appears to be a valid agreement to arbitrate. 16 The real dispute here is whether these agreements cover the claims alleged in this 17 case. Defendants argue they do, or at a minimum, that this issue should be decided by the 18 arbitrator. In support of the latter argument, Defendants cite the plain language of the 19 Online Agreement, and the reference in both the Online Agreement and the DAA to both 20 JAMS and the American Arbitration Association (“AAA”). Plaintiff disagrees that either 21 of these references evidences a clear and unmistakable delegation of arbitrability to the 22 arbitrator. The Court agrees with Defendants. 23 The Online Agreement states: 24 This binding arbitration provision applies to any and all Claims that you have against us, our parent, subsidiaries, affiliates, licensees, predecessors, 25 successors, assigns, and against all of their respective employees, agents, or 26 assigns, or that we have against you; it also includes any and all Claims regarding the applicability of this arbitration clause or the validity of the 27 Agreement, in whole or in part. 28 1 (Sergi. Decl., Ex. 9, ECF No. 17-3 at 38) (emphasis added). The Ninth Circuit has found 2 this kind of language evidences a clear and unmistakable agreement between the parties 3 “to arbitrate the question of arbitrability.” Momot v. Mastro, 652 F.3d 982, 988 (9th Cir. 4 2011). District courts, including this one, have also reached the same conclusion when 5 considering language similar to the language at issue here. See Robbins v. Checkr, Inc., 6 No. 19-cv-05717-JST, 2020 WL 4435139, at *3-4 (N.D. Cal. July 30, 2020) (finding clause 7 delegating disagreements about applicability and validity of arbitration agreement 8 evidenced clear and unmistakable agreement to delegate question of arbitrability to 9 arbitrator); Cote v. Barclays Bank Delaware, No. 14cv2370-GPC-JMA, 2015 WL 251217, 10 at *2-3 (S.D. Cal. Jan. 20, 2015) (same). 11 Plaintiff attempts to avoid this conclusion by arguing that the delegation clause 12 applies only to “Claims,” which the arbitration provision defines as “any dispute, claim or 13 controversy arising now or in the future under or relating in any way to this agreement, or 14 to the online service[.]” (Sergi Decl., Ex. 11, ECF No. 17-3 at 87.) Plaintiff argues the 15 claims alleged in this case do not fall within the Agreement’s definition of “Claims” 16 because they involve loan-related claims, in particular, loans “for a federally funded 17 program that is not part of any Chase software or app.” (Opp’n at 13.) But this is just 18 another way of saying that the claims at issue here do not fall within the scope of the 19 arbitration clause. It does not address the threshold issue of whether the Court or the 20 arbitrator should decide the scope of the arbitration clause. Given the plain language of 21 the Online Agreement and the case law set out above, the answer to that threshold issue is 22 clear: Questions about the scope of the arbitration clause are for the arbitrator, not the 23 Court.1 Accordingly, the Court grants Defendants’ motion to compel arbitration. 24 25 26 1 In light of this finding, the Court declines to address Defendants’ argument that the 27 reference to JAMS and AAA constitutes clear and unmistakable evidence of delegation of arbitrability to the arbitrator. Even if the Court were to address that issue, however, the 28 1 III. 2 CONCLUSION AND ORDER 3 Because the parties do not dispute that there is a valid agreement to arbitrate, and 4 ||because the Online Agreement delegates questions of arbitrability to the arbitrator, the 5 ||Court grants Defendants’ motion to compel and stays this case pending the parties’ 6 || arbitration. Pursuant to Defendants’ request, this case is stayed to permit the arbitrator to 7 decide the questions of arbitrability, and then, if permissible to arbitrate the substantive 8 ||claims. Within 14 days of the completion of the arbitration proceedings, the parties shall 9 || submit a joint report to the Court advising of the outcome of the arbitration, and request to 10 || dismiss the case or vacate the stay. 11 IT IS SO ORDERED. 12 ||Dated: November 23, 2020 > J Hon. Dana M. Sabraw 14 United States District Judge 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 Cir. 2015) (“[I]ncorporation of the AAA Rules constitutes clear and unmistakable evidence that contracting parties agreed to arbitrate arbitrability.”’)