JTEKT Corp. v. United States , 2011 CIT 86 ( 2011 )

Slip Op. 11-86
UNITED STATES COURT OF INTERNATIONAL TRADE
JTEKT CORPORATION and KOYO
CORPORATION OF U.S.A., et al.,
Plaintiffs,
v.
Before: Timothy C. Stanceu, Judge
UNITED STATES,
Consol. Court No. 07-00377
Defendant,
and
THE TIMKEN COMPANY,
Defendant-Intervenor.
OPINION AND ORDER
[Denying defendant’s motion for expedited reconsideration of court’s prior decision and allowing
additional time for submission of a remand redetermination in litigation contesting the final
results of an administrative review of an antidumping duty order]
Dated: July 20, 2011
Sidley Austin, LLP (Neil R. Ellis and Jill Caiazzo) for plaintiffs JTEKT Corporation and
Koyo Corporation of U.S.A.
Baker & McKenzie, LLP (Washington, District of Columbia) (Kevin J. Sullivan and
Kevin M. O’Brien) for plaintiffs FYH Bearing Units USA, Inc. and Nippon Pillow Block
Company Ltd.
Crowell & Moring, LLP (Matthew P. Jaffe) for plaintiffs NSK Corporation, NSK Ltd.,
and NSK Precision America, Inc.
Baker & McKenzie, LLP (Kevin M. O’Brien, Christine M. Streatfeild, and Diane A.
MacDonald) for plaintiffs American NTN Bearing Manufacturing Corp., NTN Bearing
Corporation of America, NTN Bower Corporation, NTN Corporation, NTN Driveshaft, Inc., and
NTN-BCA Corporation.
Consol. Court No. 07-00377 Page 2
Crowell & Moring, LLP (Daniel J. Cannistra and Alexander H. Schaefer) for plaintiffs
Aisin Seiki Company, Ltd. and Aisin Holdings of America, Inc.
Riggle & Craven (David A. Riggle and Shitao Zhu) for plaintiff Asahi Seiko Co., Ltd.
O’Melveny & Myers, LLP (Nausheen Hassan and Greyson L. Bryan) for plaintiffs Nachi
Technology, Inc., Nachi-Fujikoshi Corporation, and Nachi America, Inc.
Tony West, Assistant Attorney General, Jeanne E. Davidson, Director, Patricia M.
McCarthy, Assistant Director, Commercial Litigation Branch, Civil Division, United States
Department of Justice (L. Misha Preheim and Claudia Burke); Joanna Theiss, Aaron Kleiner,
Thomas Beline, Brian Soiset, and Deborah R. King, Office of Chief Counsel for Import
Administration, United States Department of Commerce, of counsel, for defendant.
Stewart and Stewart (Geert M. De Prest, Terence P. Stewart, William A. Fennell, and
Lane S. Hurewitz) for plaintiffs and defendant-intervenor The Timken Company.
Stanceu, Judge: JTEKT Corporation and Koyo Corporation of U.S.A. (collectively,
“JTEKT”) brought an action under section 201 of the Customs Court Act of 1980, 28 U.S.C.
§ 1581(c) (2006), to contest a final determination (the “Final Results”) issued by the International
Trade Administration, United States Department of Commerce (“Commerce” or the
“Department”) in the seventeenth administrative reviews (“AFBs 17”) of antidumping duty
orders on ball bearings and parts thereof (“subject merchandise”) from France, Germany, Italy,
Japan, Singapore, and the United Kingdom. Summons 1; Ball Bearings & Parts Thereof from
France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Singapore, & the United Kingdom: Final Results of Antidumping
Duty Admin. Reviews & Rescission of Review in Part, 72 Fed. Reg. 58,053, 58,053 (Oct. 12,
2007) (“Final Results”). Upon the motion of defendant-intervenor The Timken Company
(“Timken”), the court consolidated JTEKT’s action with six other cases. Timken US
Corporation’s Mot. to Consolidate 1.
Consol. Court No. 07-00377 Page 3
In JTEKT Corp. v. United States, 35 CIT __, 768 F. Supp. 2d 1333 (2011) (“JTEKT”), the
court ruled on claims contesting various decisions in the Final Results pertaining to the
antidumping duty order involving Japan asserted by plaintiffs Asahi Seiko Co., Ltd. (“Asahi”);
Aisin Seiki Company, Ltd. and Aisin Holdings of America, Inc. (collectively “Aisin”); Nachi
Technology, Inc., Nachi-Fujikoshi Corporation, and Nachi America, Inc. (collectively “Nachi”);
FYH Bearing Units USA, Inc. and Nippon Pillow Block Company Ltd. (collectively, “NPB”);
American NTN Bearing Manufacturing Corp., NTN Bearing Corporation of America, NTN
Bower Corporation, NTN Corporation, NTN Driveshaft, Inc., and NTN-BCA Corporation
(collectively, “NTN”); and NSK Corporation, NSK Ltd., and NSK Precision America, Inc.
(collectively, “NSK”). Five plaintiffs Aisin, JTEKT, Nachi, NPB, and NTN asserted claims
challenging the Department’s use of “zeroing” methodology, under which Commerce assigned to
U.S. sales made above normal value a dumping margin of zero rather than a negative margin
when calculating weighted-average dumping margins. In response to these claims, the court
ordered Commerce on remand to reconsider its decision to apply the zeroing methodology in the
Final Results “and change that decision or, alternatively, provide an explanation for its express or
implied construing of 19 U.S.C. § 1677(35) inconsistently with respect to antidumping duty
investigations and administrative reviews.” JTEKT, 35 CIT at __, 768 F. Supp. 2d at 1364.
Before the court is defendant’s motion for expedited reconsideration of the court’s
decision in JTEKT to order a remand on the zeroing claims. Def.’s Mot. for Expedited
Reconsideration or Relief from J. (“Def.’s Mot.”). JTEKT and NTN filed a joint memorandum
in opposition to defendant’s motion for reconsideration. Pls.’ Joint Mem. in Opp’n to Mot. for
Expedited Reconsideration or Relief from J. (“Pls.’ Joint Mem.”). Defendant-intervenor Timken
Consol. Court No. 07-00377 Page 4
supports defendant’s motion for reconsideration. The Timken Company’s Resp. in Supp. of the
Def. United States’ Mot. for Expedited Reconsideration or Relief from J. Also before the court
are defendant’s motions for leave to file a reply in support of the motion for expedited
reconsideration and for enlargement of time to file the remand redetermination in response to the
court’s order in JTEKT. Def.’s Mot. for Leave to File Reply in Supp. of Mot. for Expedited
Reconsideration or Relief from J. (“Def.’s Mot. to File Reply”); Def.’s Mot. for Enlargement of
Time to File Remand Redetermination (“Def.’s Mot. for Time Extension”).
The court grants defendant’s motion for leave to file a reply in support of the motion for
reconsideration and grants defendant’s motion for an extension of the date for filing of the
Department’s remand redetermination. The court denies defendant’s motion for reconsideration,
concluding that it did not err in ordering the Department to reconsider, and to modify or further
explain, its decision to apply zeroing in the Final Results.
I. BACKGROUND
JTEKT, 35 CIT at __, 768 F. Supp. 2d at 1339-41, recounts the procedural history of the
administrative and judicial proceedings in general terms common to all plaintiffs and provides
additional background information specific to the individual claims.
On May 5, 2011, the court issued its Opinion and Order in JTEKT. On June 2, 2011,
defendant filed its motion for expedited reconsideration. Def.’s Mot. On June 16, 2011,
plaintiffs JTEKT and NTN filed their joint memorandum in opposition to defendant’s motion.
Pls.’ Joint Mem. On July 5, 2011, defendant filed its motion for leave to file a reply in support of
its motion for expedited reconsideration. Def.’s Mot. to File Reply. On July 11, 2011, defendant
filed its motion for enlargement of time to file a remand redetermination. Def.’s Mot. for Time
Consol. Court No. 07-00377 Page 5
Extension. On July 18, 2011, NTN, although having earlier declined to consent to defendant’s
motion for enlargement of time, informed the court that in view of the Department’s recent
notice announcing revocation of the antidumping duty orders on ball bearings from Japan and the
United Kingdom pursuant to remand determinations of the U.S. International Trade Commission
in the second sunset reviews of those orders, “NTN now takes no position on the Government’s
motion.” Pls.’ Resp. to Def.’s Mot. for Enlargement of Time to File Remand Determination 2
(citing Ball Bearings and Parts Thereof From Japan and the United Kingdom: Revocation of
Antidumping Duty Orders, 76 Fed. Reg. 41,761 (July 15, 2011)).1 On July 19, 2011, NPB, citing
the recent notice, although also having earlier declined to consent to defendant’s motion for
enlargement of time, similarly informed the court that “NPB now takes no position on
Defendant’s motion.” Pls.’ Nippon Pillow Block Co. Ltd. and FYH Bearing Units USA, Inc.
Resp. to Def.’s Mot. for an Enlargement of Time to File the Remand Redetermination 2.
II. DISCUSSION
A. Motion for Expedited Reconsideration
USCIT Rule 59 authorizes a rehearing after a nonjury trial “for any reason for which a
rehearing has heretofore been granted in a suit in equity in federal court.” USCIT
Rule 59(a)(1)(B). A decision to grant or deny a motion for reconsideration lies within “the sound
discretion of the court.” United States v. Gold Mountain Coffee, Ltd., 8 CIT 336, 336, 601 F.
Supp. 212, 214 (1984). “The major grounds justifying reconsideration are an intervening change
1
Listing an effective date of July 16, 2011, the Department’s revocation notice announces
that “the Department is discontinuing all unfinished administrative reviews immediately and will
not initiate any new administrative reviews of the orders.” Ball Bearings and Parts Thereof
From Japan and the United Kingdom: Revocation of Antidumping Duty Orders, 76 Fed. Reg.
41,761, 41,762 (July 15, 2011).
Consol. Court No. 07-00377 Page 6
of controlling law, the availability of new evidence, or the need to correct a clear error or prevent
manifest injustice.” Royal Thai Gov’t v. United States, 30 CIT 1072, 1074, 441 F. Supp. 2d
1350, 1354 (2006) (internal quotation marks and citation omitted). The purpose of
reconsideration is “to direct the Court’s attention to some material matter of law or fact which it
has overlooked in deciding a case, and which, had it been given consideration, would probably
have brought about a different result.” Target Stores, Div. of Target Corp. v. United States,
31 CIT 154, 159, 471 F. Supp. 2d 1344, 1349 (2007) (quoting Agro Dutch Indus. Ltd. v. United
States, 29 CIT 250, 254 (2005)).
Commerce applied its zeroing methodology in AFBs 17, assigning to U.S. sales made
above normal value a dumping margin of zero, rather than a negative margin, when calculating
weighted-average dumping margins. Issues & Decision Mem. for the Antidumping Duty Admin.
Reviews of Ball Bearings & Parts Thereof from France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Singapore, & the
United Kingdom for the Period of Review May 1, 2005, through April 30, 2006, at 8 (Oct. 4,
2007) (“Decision Mem.”). Aisin, JTEKT, Nachi, NPB, and NTN challenged the use of this
zeroing methodology, arguing that use of the zeroing methodology in an administrative review
violates the U.S. antidumping laws and is inconsistent with international obligations of the
United States.2
2
Asahi Seiko Co., Ltd. (“Asahi”) also included in its complaint a claim challenging the
use of zeroing. Asahi Compl. ¶¶ 12-16. Asahi declined to raise any issue as to zeroing in its
Rule 56.2 motion for judgment upon the agency record but then attempted to raise the zeroing
issue in its reply brief. Mem. in Supp. of a Mot. for J. on the Agency R. Submitted by Pl. Asahi
Seiko Co., Ltd., Pursuant to Rule 56.2 of the Rules of the U.S. Ct. of Int’l Trade; Reply Br. in
Supp. of the Mot. for J. on the Agency R. Submitted by Pl. Asahi Seiko Co., Ltd., Pursuant to
Rule 56.2 of the Rules of the U.S. Ct. of Int’l Trade 5-6. In JTEKT Corp. v. United States,
35 CIT __, __, 768 F. Supp. 2d 1333, 1341 (2011), the court ruled that no motion for judgment
(continued...)
Consol. Court No. 07-00377 Page 7
As the court recounted in JTEKT, the Court of Appeals repeatedly had upheld the
Department’s use of zeroing in administrative reviews. JTEKT, 35 CIT at __, 768 F. Supp. 2d
at 1342 (citing SKF USA Inc. v. United States, 630 F.3d 1365, 1375 (Fed. Cir. 2011) (“SKF”);
Koyo Seiko Co., 551 F.3d 1286, 1290-91 (Fed. Cir. 2008); NSK Ltd. v. United States, 510 F.3d
1375, 1379-80 (Fed. Cir. 2007)). However, the Court of Appeals now has held in two cases that
the final results of an administrative review in which zeroing was used must be remanded to
direct Commerce to explain its interpreting the language of 19 U.S.C. § 1677(35) inconsistently
with respect to the use of zeroing in investigations and the use of zeroing in administrative
reviews. JTEKT Corp. v. United States, Court No. 2010-1516, 2011 WL 2557640, at *5-6 (Fed.
Cir., June 29, 2011) (“JTEKT Corp.”); Dongbu Steel Co. v. United States, 635 F.3d 1363, 1371-
1373 (Fed. Cir. 2011) (“Dongbu”).3 On the lack of a satisfactory explanation for the inconsistent
interpretations, the Court of Appeals held in both cases that the judgments of the Court of
International Trade affirming the use of zeroing in the respective administrative reviews must be
set aside. JTEKT Corp., 2011 WL 2557640, at *6; Dongbu, 635 F.3d at 1373.
In Dongbu, the Court of Appeals reasoned that “[a]lthough 19 U.S.C. § 1677(35) is
ambiguous with respect to zeroing and Commerce plays an important role in resolving this gap in
the statute, Commerce’s discretion is not absolute” and that “Commerce must provide an
explanation for why the statutory language supports its inconsistent interpretation.” Dongbu,
2
(...continued)
on the agency record is before the court on the zeroing claim in Asahi’s complaint and that
Asahi’s zeroing claim has been abandoned.
3
JTEKT Corp. v. United States, Court No. 2010-1516, 2011 WL 2557640 (Fed. Cir.,
June 29, 2011) was issued after defendant filed its motion for expedited reconsideration on
June 2, 2011.
Consol. Court No. 07-00377 Page 8
635 F.3d at 1372. In JTEKT Corp., the Court of Appeals directed that “in order to satisfy the
requirement set out in Dongbu, Commerce must explain why these (or other) differences
between the two phases [administrative reviews and investigations] make it reasonable to
continue zeroing in one phase, but not the other.” JTEKT Corp., 2011 WL 2557640, at *6.
In JTEKT, the court concluded that a remand was appropriate in this case to direct
Commerce to provide the explanation contemplated by the Court of Appeals in Dongbu. JTEKT,
35 CIT at __, 768 F. Supp. 2d at 1342-43. The court directed Commerce to reconsider and
modify its decision to apply zeroing or, alternatively, to set forth an explanation of how the
language of the statute as applied to the zeroing issue permissibly may be construed in one way
with respect to investigations and the opposite way with respect to administrative reviews. Id.at __, 768 F. Supp. 2d at 1364.
In support of its reconsideration motion, defendant argues that the court’s Opinion and
Order in JTEKT, as it relates to zeroing, is inconsistent with binding precedent of Court of
Appeals. Def.’s Mot. 2. Defendant cites specifically SKF, 630 F.3d 1365, which “affirmed
Commerce’s explanation of zeroing in the very same issues and decision memorandum at issue
in this case.” Id. Defendant also argues that the decision of the Court of Appeals in Dongbu
distinguished prior cases based on a lack of a satisfactory explanation, which defendant
characterizes as circumstances “not present in this case.” Def.’s Mot. 7. In its reply, which the
court accepts for filing, defendant argues that SKF, not Dongbu, is controlling as precedent in
this case because “the Federal Circuit has not overturned SKF en banc.” Def.’s Reply in Supp. of
Consol. Court No. 07-00377 Page 9
its Mot. for Reconsideration or Relief from J. 2 (Def.’s Reply”) (citing Strickland v. United
States, 423 F.3d 1335, 1338 n.3 (Fed. Cir. 2005)). The court disagrees with
defendant’s arguments.
Defendant’s premise that the Court of Appeals affirmed the use of zeroing in SKF based
on “the very same issues and decisions memorandum” that is at issue in this case, Def.’s Mot. 2,
is misguided. As defendant acknowledges, Def.’s Mot. 6, the holding in SKF pertains to the
administrative reviews of the antidumping duty orders on ball bearings and parts thereof from
France, Germany, Italy and the United Kingdom, which are different reviews than the one at
issue in this case. The Court of Appeals, therefore, has not issued a decision on the use of
zeroing in the administrative review that is the subject of this litigation, which is the review of
the antidumping duty order on ball bearings and parts thereof from Japan. More to the point,
defendant overlooks that in SKF, the Court of Appeals did not uphold Commerce’s use of
zeroing based on a statutory construction set forth in the issues and decisions memorandum
defendant identifies. Instead, the appellate court based its decision, in part, on its prior holdings
upholding zeroing, including in particular Corus Staal BV v. United States, 502 F.3d 1370, 1375
(Fed. Cir. 2007). SKF, 630 F.3d at 1375 (“Even after Commerce changed its policy with respect
to original investigations, we have held that Commerce’s application of zeroing to administrative
reviews is not inconsistent with the statute.” (citing Corus Staal BV, 502 F.3d at 1375)). The
other reason the Court of Appeals gave in SKF for upholding the use of zeroing was its having
held in the past that “WTO [World Trade Organization] decisions do not change United States
law unless implemented pursuant to an express statutory scheme.” Id. (citing NSK Ltd. v. United
Consol. Court No. 07-00377 Page 10
States, 510 F.3d 1375, 1379-80 (Fed. Cir. 2007) and Corus Staal BV v. United States, 395 F.3d
1343, 1349 (Fed. Cir. 2005)).
The court also finds unconvincing defendant’s argument that Dongbu presented
circumstances not present in this case, namely, the lack of any explanation for the decision to
apply zeroing. See Def.’s Mot. 7 (arguing that “in Dongbu, Commerce did not address the
subject of zeroing in its final issues and decision memorandum at all, let alone discuss any
differences between investigations and administrative reviews that might support its inconsistent
interpretation of 19 U.S.C. § 1677(35) in each type of proceeding.”). The distinction defendant
draws is not meaningful. In this case, the explanation Commerce included in the issues and
decisions memorandum associated with the Final Results, although addressing the arguments
respondents raised against zeroing (including arguments based on the World Trade Organization
decisions), does not provide the type of statutory construction-based analysis the Court of
Appeals contemplated in Dongbu. See Dongbu, 635 F.3d at 1372; Decision Mem. 8-10. The
only reference to a statutory construction argument in the zeroing analysis is the Department’s
conclusory statement, made in response to NSK’s argument that zeroing produces inaccuracy in a
weighted-average dumping margin, that “[b]y excluding such negative comparison results in this
case, the Department is calculating the weighted-average dumping margin accurately in
accordance with its reasonable interpretation of how that term [i.e., the term “dumping margin”]
is defined in the statute.” Decision Mem. 9-10 (citing Corus Staal BV, 395 F.3d at 1347; Timken
Co. v. United States, 354 F.3d 1334,1341-42 (Fed. Cir. 2004)).
Defendant’s contention that the court’s remand order in JTEKT was unlawful because
“the Federal Circuit has not overturned SKF en banc,” Def.’s Reply 2, also fails to convince the
Consol. Court No. 07-00377 Page 11
court that the remand ordered in JTEKT was unlawful. Rather than conclude that the decision to
apply zeroing to the review at issue in this case either was, or was not, permissible under the
language of 19 U.S.C. § 1677(35), the court in JTEKT ordered Commerce to reconsider that
decision and either to modify it or to provide the explanation sought by the Court of Appeals in
Dongbu. JTEKT, 35 CIT at __, 768 F. Supp. 2d at 1364. SKF, which did not reach the statutory
construction issue addressed in Dongbu and JTEKT Corp., does not compel a conclusion that the
court erred in issuing that remand order. In addressing the zeroing issue in Dongbu, the Court of
Appeals applied the two-step analysis outlined in Chevron, U.S.A., Inc. v. National Resources
Defense Council, Inc., 467 U.S. 837, 842-43 (1984) (“Chevron”). See Dongbu, 635 F.3d at
1369. Drawing a distinction with its prior holdings, the Court of Appeals clarified that “while we
have repeatedly upheld Commerce’s use of zeroing in administrative reviews, we have never
considered the reasonableness of interpreting 19 U.S.C. § 1677(35) in different ways depending
on whether the proceeding is an investigation or an administrative review.” Id. at 1370. Pointing
to the fact that “Commerce is no longer using a consistent interpretation” of 19 U.S.C.
§ 1677(35), the Court of Appeals reasoned in Dongbu that “we are not bound by the prior cases
and apply the Chevron step two analysis anew.” Id. at 1371. Additionally, the Court of Appeals
subsequently considered itself bound by its holding in Dongbu, concluding in JTEKT Corp. that
“Dongbu requires us to vacate and remand” based on a conclusion that the explanation offered by
Commerce was inadequate under step two of a Chevron analysis. JTEKT Corp., 2011
WL 2557640, at *6. The court’s modifying its decision as defendant urges would not accord
with the reasoning the Court of Appeals recently employed in deciding the zeroing question
presented by JTEKT Corp.
Consol. Court No. 07-00377 Page 12
Upon considering all of defendant’s arguments, the court concludes that it did not err in
ordering Commerce to reconsider the decision to adhere to a zeroing methodology in the Final
Results and also ordering Commerce either to modify that decision or provide a new explanation
as required by the Court of Appeals in Dongbu. Therefore, the court will deny defendant’s
motion for expedited reconsideration.
B. Motion for an Extension of Time to File the Remand Redetermination
In JTEKT, the court ordered the Department to file its remand redetermination within
ninety days of the court’s Opinion and Order, and as a result the remand redetermination
currently is due on August 3, 2011. JTEKT, 35 CIT at __, 768 F. Supp. 2d at 1364. Defendant
has moved for an extension of time to file its remand redetermination because of its submission
of a motion for reconsideration and because it desires additional time so that it may seek parties’
comments on a draft version of the remand redetermination and address parties’ comments in its
final remand redetermination. Def.’s Mot. for Time Extension 2-3. Defendant seeks an
extension until sixty days from the date the court issues a decision on the reconsideration motion.
Id. at 2. Because the original due date for filing of the remand redetermination allowed
Commerce a full ninety days, the court considers an additional sixty days to be more than
sufficient. However, considering all circumstances, including in particular that no party now
objects to the extension request, the court will grant defendant’s motion for an extension of time.
III. CONCLUSION
For the reasons discussed in the foregoing, the court, upon review of defendant’s motion
for reconsideration, determines that its decision in JTEKT to order a remand on the zeroing issue
Consol. Court No. 07-00377 Page 13
was not in error. Therefore, the court denies the motion for reconsideration but will allow an
extension of time for the filing of the remand redetermination in these proceedings.
ORDER
Upon consideration of all papers and proceedings herein, and upon due deliberation, it
is hereby
ORDERED that defendant’s motion for leave to file a reply in support of its motion for
expedited reconsideration or relief from judgment, as filed July 5, 2011, be, and hereby is,
GRANTED; it is further
ORDERED that defendant’s motion for expedited reconsideration or relief from
judgment, as filed June 2, 2011, be, and hereby is, DENIED; and it is further
ORDERED that defendant’s motion for enlargement of time to file a remand
redetermination, as filed July 11, 2011, be, and hereby is, GRANTED, and that Commerce shall
have sixty (60) days from the date of this Opinion and Order in which to file its redetermination
upon remand (“Second Remand Redetermination”) in response to the Opinion and Order in
JTEKT Corp. v. United States, 35 CIT __, 768 F. Supp. 2d 1333 (2011).
/s/ Timothy C. Stanceu
Timothy C. Stanceu
Judge
Dated: July 20, 2011
New York, New York