JTEKT Corp. v. United States , 2011 CIT 158 ( 2011 )

Slip Op. 11-__
158
UNITED STATES COURT OF INTERNATIONAL TRADE
JTEKT CORPORATION and KOYO
CORPORATION OF U.S.A.,
Plaintiffs,
v.
UNITED STATES, Before: Timothy C. Stanceu, Judge
Defendant, Consol. Court No. 08-00324
and
TIMKEN US CORPORATION,
Defendant-Intervenor.
OPINION AND ORDER
[Issuing a remand order in compliance with the decision of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the
Federal Circuit vacating and remanding, in part, the court’s judgment issued in this litigation]
Dated: December 15, 2011
Neil R. Ellis and Jill Caiazzo, Sidley Austin LLP, of Washington, DC, for plaintiffs
JTEKT Corporation and Koyo Corporation of U.S.A.
Daniel J. Cannistra and Alexander H. Schaefer, Crowell & Moring, LLP, of Washington,
DC, for plaintiffs Aisin Seiki Company, Ltd. and Aisin Holdings America, Inc.
Donald J. Unger, Diane A. MacDonald, and Joseph W. LaFramboise, Baker &
McKenzie, LLP, of Washington, DC, for plaintiffs American NTN Bearing Manufacturing
Corp., NTN Bearing Corporation of America, NTN-Bower Corporation, NTN Corporation, NTN
Driveshaft, Inc., and NTN-BCA Corporation.
L. Misha Preheim, Trial Attorney, Commercial Litigation Branch, Civil Division, U.S.
Department of Justice, of Washington, DC, for defendant United States. With him on the brief
were Tony West, Assistant Attorney General, Jeanne E. Davidson, Director, and Patricia M.
McCarthy, Assistant Director. Of counsel on the brief were Deborah R. King and Brian Soiset,
Consol. Court No. 08-00324 Page 2
Office of Chief Counsel for Import Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce, of
Washington, DC.
Geert M. De Prest, Lane S. Hurewitz, Terence P. Stewart, and William A. Fennell,
Stewart and Stewart, of Washington, DC, for defendant-intervenor.
Stanceu, Judge: In JTEKT Corp. v. United States, 34 CIT __, 717 F. Supp. 2d 1322(2010) (“JTEKT I”), the Court of International Trade affirmed the final determination that the
International Trade Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce (“Commerce” or the
“Department”) issued in the eighteenth administrative reviews of antidumping duty orders on
ball bearings and parts thereof from France, Germany, Italy, Japan, and the United Kingdom.
Ball Bearings & Parts Thereof From France, Germany, Italy, Japan, & the United Kingdom:
Final Results of Antidumping Duty Admin. Reviews & Rescission of Reviews in Part, 73 Fed.
Reg. 52,823 (Sept. 11, 2008) (“Final Results”). In JTEKT Corp. v. United States, 642 F.3d 1378(Fed. Cir. 2011) (“JTEKT II”), the Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit (“Court of Appeals”)
affirmed in part, and vacated and remanded in part, the judgment issued in JTEKT I. Before the
court is the mandate issued by the Court of Appeals. CAFC Mandate in Appeal # 2010-1516,
-1518 (Aug. 5, 2011) (“Mandate”), ECF No. 83. This Opinion and Order is issued in compliance
with that mandate.
I. BACKGROUND
Detailed background on this litigation is provided in JTEKT I, 34 CIT __, 717 F. Supp.
2d 1322, 1324-28, and JTEKT II, 642 F.3d 1378, 1379-80, and is summarized briefly herein.
JTEKT Corporation and Koyo Corporation of U.S.A. (collectively, “JTEKT”) brought an action
in 2008 pursuant to Section 516A of the Tariff Act of 1930, 19 U.S.C. § 1516a, to contest certain
determinations made by the Department in the Final Results. Under JTEKT Corp. v. United
Consol. Court No. 08-00324 Page 3
States, Consolidated Court No. 08-00324, the court consolidated with JTEKT’s action other
cases contesting the Final Results, which were brought by plaintiffs American NTN Bearing
Manufacturing Corp., NTN Bearing Corporation of America, NTN-Bower Corporation, NTN
Corporation, NTN Driveshaft, Inc., and NTN-BCA Corporation (collectively, “NTN”) and Aisin
Seiki Company, Ltd. and Aisin Holdings America, Inc. (collectively, “Aisin”). Order (Feb. 18,
2009), ECF No. 32.
II. DISCUSSION
JTEKT I affirmed the Final Results with respect to all determinations contested in this
litigation. JTEKT I, 34 CIT __, 717 F. Supp. 2d 1322 at 1340. Specifically, the Court of
International Trade denied relief on the claims of NTN and Aisin challenging the Department’s
application of “zeroing” methodology to non-dumped sales and also denied relief on various
claims of JTEKT and NTN that were directed to the Department’s applying its revised “model
match” methodology, under which the Department identifies the foreign like product with
respect to individual models of ball bearings that comprised the subject merchandise. JTEKT I,
34 CIT __, 717 F. Supp. 2d 1322 at 1327-40. The remand issued by the Court of Appeals in
JTEKT II is confined to the Department’s use of the zeroing methodology in the Final Results.
As defined by the Court of Appeals in JTEKT II and in a previous decision, Dongbu Steel Co.
Ltd. v. United States, 635 F.3d 1363 (Fed. Cir. 2011) (“Dongbu”), “zeroing is the practice
whereby the values of positive dumping margins are used in calculating the overall margin, but
negative dumping margins are included in the sum of margins as zeroes.” JTEKT II, 642 F.3d. at1383-85 (citing Dongbu, 635 F.3d at 1366).
Consol. Court No. 08-00324 Page 4
In Dongbu, the Court of Appeals, noting that the Department was no longer using the
zeroing methodology in antidumping investigations, stated that “while we have repeatedly
upheld Commerce’s use of zeroing in administrative reviews, we have never considered the
reasonableness of interpreting 19 U.S.C. § 1677(35) in different ways depending on whether the
proceeding is an investigation or an administrative review.”1 Dongbu, 635 F.3d at 1370. The
appellate court concluded that “[i]n the absence of sufficient reasons for interpreting the same
statutory provision inconsistently, Commerce’s action is arbitrary.” Id. at 1372-73. In reaching
its conclusion, the Court of Appeals reasoned that the government’s decision to implement an
adverse report of the World Trade Organization regarding zeroing in antidumping investigations
“standing alone does not provide sufficient justification for the inconsistent statutory
interpretations.” Id. at 1372. Dongbu vacated the judgment of the Court of International Trade
with respect to affirmance of the zeroing methodology and remanded for further proceedings “to
give Commerce the opportunity to explain its reasoning.” Id. at 1373. Speculating that
Commerce might be unable to justify using opposite interpretations of 19 U.S.C. § 1677(35) in
investigations and administrative reviews, the Court of Appeals added that “[i]n such
circumstances, Commerce is of course free to choose a single consistent interpretation of the
statutory language.” Id.1
In section 771(35) of the Tariff Act of 1930, 19 U.S.C. § 1677(35), Congress defined
the term “dumping margin” as “the amount by which the normal value exceeds the export price
or constructed export price of the subject merchandise” and the term “weighted average dumping
margin” as “the percentage determined by dividing the aggregate dumping margins determined
for a specific exporter or producer by the aggregate export prices and constructed export prices
of such exporter or producer.”
Consol. Court No. 08-00324 Page 5
In JTEKT II, the Court of Appeals, agreeing with an argument that NTN made on appeal,
concluded that “Dongbu requires us to vacate and remand.” JTEKT II, 642 F.3d at 1384.
Drawing a distinction with Dongbu, in which case Commerce did not provide an explanation of
its reasoning for its inconsistent statutory interpretations, the court observed that in this case,
“Commerce explained its reasoning for continuing to zero in administrative reviews, but not in
investigations.”2 Id. The Court of Appeals, however, found the Department’s explanation
unsatisfactory. “While Commerce did point to differences between investigations and
administrative reviews, it failed to address the relevant question . . . why these (or other)
differences between the two phases make it reasonable to continue zeroing in one phase, but not
the other.” Id. at 1384-85.
The court construes the mandate issued in JTEKT II according to principles discussed in
the appellate court’s opinion and in Dongbu, 635 F.3d at 1371-73. Thus, in fulfilling the
mandate issued in JTEKT II, the court must order a remand so that the Department is presented
2
The explanation the International Trade Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce
(“Commerce” or the “Department”) provided when it issued the final determination at issue in
this case was as follows:
Antidumping investigations and administrative reviews are different proceedings with
different purposes. Specifically, in antidumping investigations, the Act specifies particular types
of comparisons. . . . In antidumping investigations, the Department generally uses average-to-
average comparisons whereas in administrative reviews the Department generally uses average-
to-transaction comparisons.
The purpose of dumping margin calculation also varies significantly between
antidumping investigations and reviews. In antidumping investigations, the primary function of
the dumping margin is to determine whether an antidumping duty order will be imposed on the
subject imports. In administrative reviews, in contrast, the dumping margin is the basis for the
assessment of antidumping duties on entries of subject merchandise to the antidumping duty
order.
JTEKT Corp. v. United States, 642 F.3d 1378, 1384 (Fed. Cir. 2011) (“JTEKT II”) (quoting Joint
Appendix 173-74).
Consol. Court No. 08-00324 Page 6
the opportunity to explain why, in the Department’s view, it is reasonable to construe 19 U.S.C.
§ 1677(35) inconsistently with respect to antidumping investigations and with respect to
administrative reviews of antidumping duty orders. See JTEKT II, 642 F.3d at 1384-85, Dongbu,
635 F.3d at 1372-73. To be adequate under the standard established by the Court of Appeals,
any such explanation must identify a “basis in the statute for reading 19 U.S.C. § 1677(35)
differently in administrative reviews than in investigations,” Dongbu, 635 F.3d at 1372(emphasis added), and must explain why the differences between antidumping investigations and
antidumping administrative reviews “make it reasonable to continue zeroing in one phase, but
not the other.” JTEKT II, 642 F.3d at 1385 (emphasis added).
As it did in Dongbu, the Court of Appeals in JTEKT II vacated the judgment of the Court
of International Trade with respect to the affirmance of the Department’s decision to apply
zeroing in the Final Results. Id. at 1385, Mandate. In both JTEKT II and Dongbu, the Court of
Appeals held that the Department’s use of zeroing in the respective reviews could not be
sustained due to the absence of a satisfactorily explained statutory construction of 19 U.S.C.
§ 1677(35). As a matter of logical necessity, effectuation of the mandate the Court of Appeals
issued in this litigation requires that Commerce be directed to reconsider its original decision to
apply zeroing in the Final Results. Upon such reconsideration during the remand proceeding,
Commerce is free to modify that decision. See Dongbu, 635 F.3d at 1373 (“ . . . Commerce is of
course free to choose a single consistent interpretation of the statutory language.”). Should
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Commerce decide upon remand that it will not apply zeroing in the Final Results, it must include
in its remand redetermination a recalculation of the margin to be applied to NTN.3
III. CONCLUSION
The court orders a remand in which Commerce must reconsider its decision to apply
zeroing in the Final Results. On remand, Commerce must modify that decision and recalculate
NTN’s margin accordingly, or it must provide an explanation, as discussed in the foregoing, of
why it considers it reasonable to construe 19 U.S.C. § 1677(35) inconsistently with respect to
antidumping investigations and with respect to administrative reviews of antidumping duty
orders.
ORDER
In response to the decision and mandate issued by the Court of Appeals in JTEKT Corp.
v. United States, 642 F.3d 1378 (Fed. Cir. 2011), it is hereby
ORDERED that Commerce shall issue a redetermination upon remand (“Remand
Redetermination”) in which it reconsiders the decision it made in Ball Bearings & Parts Thereof
3
Commerce determined a margin of 11.96% for NTN Corporation. Ball Bearings &
Parts Thereof From France, Germany, Italy, Japan, & the United Kingdom: Final Results of
Antidumping Duty Admin. Reviews & Rescission of Reviews in Part, 73 Fed. Reg. 52,823, 52,825
(Sept. 11, 2008) (“Final Results”). Of the plaintiffs in the consolidated action before the Court
of International Trade, only American NTN Bearing Manufacturing Corp., NTN Bearing
Corporation of America, NTN-Bower Corporation, NTN Corporation, NTN Driveshaft, Inc., and
NTN-BCA Corporation (collectively, “NTN”) and Aisin Seiki Company, Ltd. and Aisin
Holdings America, Inc. (collectively, “Aisin”) raised valid claims challenging the Department’s
use of zeroing in the Final Results. JTEKT Corp. v. United States, 34 CIT __, 717 F. Supp. 2d
1322, 1325 n. 1 (2010) (“JTEKT I”). Because Aisin did not appeal the judgment the Court of
International Trade entered in JTEKT I, that judgment is final as to Aisin’s claim challenging
zeroing. JTEKT Corporation and Koyo Corporation of U.S.A. (collectively, “JTEKT”) included
in its complaint a claim challenging the Department’s use of zeroing, which claim JTEKT I held
to have been abandoned when JTEKT omitted that claim from its USCIT Rule 56.2 motion for
judgment on the agency record. Id. at __ n. 3, 1326-27 n. 3. The holding that JTEKT had
abandoned its zeroing claim was not reversed upon appeal by JTEKT II.
Consol. Court No. 08-00324 Page 8
From France, Germany, Italy, Japan, & the United Kingdom: Final Results of Antidumping
Duty Admin. Reviews & Rescission of Reviews in Part, 73 Fed. Reg. 52,823 (Sept. 11, 2008)
(“Final Results”) to follow its zeroing procedure; it is further
ORDERED that, on remand, Commerce either must modify that decision or must
explain how the language of 19 U.S.C. § 1677(35) permissibly may be construed in one way
with respect to the use of the zeroing methodology in antidumping investigations and the
opposite way with respect to the use of that methodology in antidumping administrative reviews;
it is further
ORDERED that Commerce, should it choose to modify its decision on zeroing, is, as
discussed in Dongbu Steel Co. v. United States, 635 F.3d 1363, 1673 (Fed. Cir. 2011), “of course
free to choose a single consistent interpretation of the statutory language,” i.e. the language of
19 U.S.C. § 1677(35); it is further
ORDERED that should Commerce decide not to apply zeroing on remand or decide to
otherwise modify its decision, Commerce shall redetermine the margin of NTN as appropriate; it
is further
ORDERED that Commerce shall file its Remand Redetermination with the court within
sixty (60) days from the date of this Opinion and Order; and it is further
ORDERED that defendant and defendant-intervenor shall have thirty (30) days from the
date on which that redetermination is filed with the court to file comments thereon.
/s/ Timothy C. Stanceu
Timothy C. Stanceu
Judge
Dated: December 15, 2011
New York, New York