People v. Woodard , 13 Brief Times Rptr. 364 ( 1989 )

Opinion by

Judge STERNBERG.

Asserting that the trial court committed error by failing to advise him that he could testify notwithstanding any contrary advice of his lawyer, the defendant, James Woodard, appeals from a judgment of conviction entered on a jury verdict finding him guilty of aggravated robbery and crime of violence. While we agree the advisement was deficient, we affirm the judgment.

People v. Curtis, 681 P.2d 504 (Colo.1984) established certain procedural safeguards relating to a defendant’s right to testify. No exact litany is prescribed; however, Curtis specifies that the trial court should determine on the record that the defendant is aware that he has a right to testify, that he knows of the consequences of testifying, and that he is cognizant that he may take the stand notwithstanding the contrary advice of counsel.

Here, the trial court questioned the defendant on the record regarding his decision about whether he would testify. The court advised him of his right to testify and the consequences thereof. In response to a question from the court whether his decision not to testify was “freely and voluntarily” made, defendant responded affirmatively. The court did, however, stop short of expressly advising him that the decision to testify or not was his alone to make and not his attorney’s and that he could countermand the advice of his lawyer. While the advisement was deficient in this respect, we conclude that this deficiency does not require reversal.

Under the circumstances presented, we conclude that the rule of Curtis was substantially complied with and that any error was de minimus. See People v. McMullen, 738 P.2d 23 (Colo.App.1986) (failure to warn defendant of disadvantages of testifying “was de minimus and not plain error”); People v. Fonda, 712 P.2d 1067 (Colo.App.1985) (failure to advise defendant he may testify notwithstanding contrary advice of counsel does not require reversal —“substantial compliance” with Curtis approved). See also People v. Roelker, 780 P.2d 17 (Colo.App.1989).

The thrust of the Curtis decision was summarized by the court to be “that waiver of the right to testify must be voluntary, knowing, and intentional, and the existence of effective waiver should be ascertained by the trial court on the record.” Here, the defendant responded affirmatively to the court’s question about his decision not to testify being made “freely and voluntarily.” In light of that statement by defendant, we do not perceive a sufficient departure from the Curtis standard to require reversal.

Under such circumstances, reversal of the judgment would be tantamount to holding that only a precise litany will suffice. To so exalt form over substance would disserve the fundamental purpose of the Curtis ruling. Cf. People v. Mozee, 723 P.2d 117 (Colo.1986).

The other contention of error is without merit.

Judgment affirmed.

FISCHBACH, J., concurs. NEY, J., dissents.