Bricklayers & Trowel Trades International Pension Fund v. Kafka Construction, Inc. , 273 F. Supp. 3d 177 ( 2017 )

UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
BRICKLAYERS & TROWEL TRADES
INTERNATIONAL PENSION FUND et al.,
Plaintiffs,
Case No. 16-cv-01424 (CRC)
v.
KAFKA CONSTRUCTION, INC.
Defendant.
MEMORANDUM OPINION
Plaintiffs in this ERISA action—an employee pension benefit plan and an employee welfare
benefit plan—seek to recover unpaid contributions and associated damages from a New York-based
construction company. Despite having been properly served, the company has not responded to the
complaint, the Clerk’s entry of default, or the Court’s order to show cause why judgment should not
be entered against it. Plaintiffs now request a default judgment, monetary damages, and attorney’s
fees, as well as an injunction requiring the company to make the required plan contributions going
forward. As Plaintiffs have adequately established that the Defendant is liable and that they are
entitled to all of the requested relief, the Court will grant their motion and enter judgment against
the company.
I. Background
Plaintiffs—the Bricklayers & Trowel Trades International Pension Fund (“IPF”) and the
International Masonry Institute (“IMI”)—are “employee benefit plans” and “multiemployer plans”
under the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, 29 U.S.C. § 1002 et seq. (“ERISA”).
The plans are funded by contributions made by employers who are signatories to collective
bargaining agreements. New York-based Kafka Construction Co. is one such employer. It is
required under its collection bargaining agreements and the plans’ written procedures governing the
collection of employer contributions (“Collection Procedures”) to submit monthly reports and
payments to the plans based on the number of hours worked by its employees in covered job
positions. David F. Stupar Supp. Pls.’ Mot. Default J. (“Stupar Decl.”) ¶ 7. If Kafka Construction
fails to make the required contributions, Plaintiffs are entitled to file suit to recover the unpaid
contributions; interest on the unpaid contributions; either an additional assessment of interest on the
unpaid contributions or liquidated damages provided for under the plan not in excess of 20 percent,
whichever is higher; reasonable attorney’s fees and costs; and other legal or equitable relief as the
court deems appropriate. 29 U.S.C. § 1132(g)(2).
Plaintiffs allege that Kafka Construction failed to “report and pay all amounts owing to
[them] as required” by the applicable collective bargaining agreements and the plans’ Collection
Procedures. Compl. ¶ 10. Kafka Construction was properly served on August 1, 2016. Pls.’ Aff.
Service. It did not respond to the complaint, however, and the Clerk of the Court entered default on
June 1, 2017. Entry of Default. Plaintiffs now petition the Court to enter a default judgment,
seeking a monetary judgment against Kafka Construction in the amount of $28,901.17, which
includes delinquent contributions, interest on delinquent payments, liquidated damages, process
server costs, filing fees, and attorney’s fees. Stupar Decl. ¶¶ 9-12, 14-16.
Section 502(e)(2) of ERISA provides for federal jurisdiction “in the district where the plan
is administered.” 29 U.S.C. § 1132(e)(2). According to the complaint, both the IPF and the IMI are
administered in the District of Columbia. Compl. ¶¶ 1-2. The Court therefore has jurisdiction over
the case. Plaintiffs filed the complaint within ERISA’s three-year statute-of-limitations period. See
29 U.S.C. § 1113.
II. Standard of Review
The standard for default judgment is a two-step procedure. See, e.g., Boland v. Cacper
Constr. Corp., 130 F. Supp. 3d 379, 382 (D.D.C. 2015). First, the plaintiff requests that the Clerk of
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the Court enter default against a party who has “failed to plead or otherwise defend.” Fed. R. Civ.
P. 55(a). Second, the plaintiff must move for entry of default judgment. Fed. R. Civ. P. 55(b).
Default judgment is available when “the adversary process has been halted because of an essentially
unresponsive party.” Boland v. Elite Terrazzo Flooring, Inc., 763 F. Supp. 2d 64, 67 (D.D.C. 2011)
(internal citation omitted). “Default establishes a defaulting party’s liability for the well-pleaded
allegations of the complaint.” Id. After establishing liability, the court must make an independent
evaluation of the damages to be awarded and has “considerable latitude in determining the amount
of damages.” Id. The court may hold a hearing or rely on “detailed affidavits or documentary
evidence” submitted by plaintiffs in support of their claims. Boland v. Providence Constr. Corp.,
304 F.R.D. 31, 36 (D.D.C. 2014) (quoting Fanning v. Permanent Sol. Indus., Inc., 257 F.R.D. 4, 7
(D.D.C. 2009)).
III. Analysis
The Court must determine whether entry of default judgment is appropriate and, if Kafka
Construction is liable, whether Plaintiffs are entitled to the manner and amount of relief they
request. The Court concludes that the company breached its duties under ERISA and the Collection
Procedures and that Plaintiffs are entitled to both the monetary and injunctive relief requested.
A. Liability
Plaintiffs filed suit in July 2016 to recover the damages prescribed by ERISA and the
Collection Procedures. Compl. ¶ 1. Kafka Construction was served with the summons and
complaint on August 1, 2016. Pls.’ Mot. Default J. 1. The Clerk of the Court declared it to be in
default on June 1, 2017. Entry of Default. On June 6, 2017, the Court issued an Order to Show
Cause why judgment should not be entered for Plaintiffs and set June 20, 2017 as the deadline for
Kafka Construction to respond. Kafka Construction has not responded to either the complaint, the
Clerk’s entry of default, or the Court’s Order to Show Cause.
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Because the Clerk of the Court has entered default and Kafka Construction has failed to
respond, the Court accepts Plaintiffs’ well-pleaded allegations and holds that Kafka Construction is
liable and that entry of default judgment is appropriate. See Elite Terrazzo Flooring, Inc., 763 F.
Supp. 2d at 67. ERISA requires employers to make contributions to multiemployer plans “in
accordance with the terms and conditions of” the relevant collective bargaining agreements. 29
U.S.C. § 1145. The IPF and IMI’s Collection Procedures specify that contributions are due “on or
before the 15th day of the month” after the month in which work was performed. Stupar Decl. ¶ 5.
They further provide that Kafka Construction will “submit monthly fringe benefit remittance
reports and pay monthly fringe benefit contributions to the IPF and IMI for each hour of covered
work performed by its employees within the work and geographic jurisdictions of the Agreement.”
Stupar Decl. ¶ 7. By failing to submit required reports and pay the required contributions to IMI
and IPF for covered work, Kafka Construction is liable for contractual and statutory damages.
The Court may enter default judgment when a defendant makes no request “to set aside the
default” and gives no indication of a “meritorious defense.” Fanning, 257 F.R.D. at 7. Kafka
Construction, as noted above, has not responded to the complaint since being served in August
2016. The Court thus concludes that entry of default judgment against Kafka Construction is
appropriate.
B. Damages
The next issue before the Court is the amount of damages due: “[P]laintiffs must prove
these damages to a reasonable certainty.” Elite Terrazzo Flooring, Inc., 763 F. Supp. 2d at 68.
Under ERISA, employers are required to pay any delinquent contributions, interest on unpaid
contributions, liquidated damages at a rate of up to 20 percent or an additional interest assessment at
the rate provided under the plan (whichever is higher), and legal fees. 29 U.S.C. § 1132(g)(2).
When a defendant has failed to respond, the Court must make an independent determination—by
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relying on affidavits, documentation, or an evidentiary hearing—of the sum to be awarded as
damages.
As support for their requested damages, Plaintiffs have submitted declarations from David
F. Stupar, the Executive Director of the IPF and an authorized representative of the IMI, and
Richard Hopp, Plaintiffs’ attorney of record and counsel at O’Donoghue & O’Donoghue LLP.
Both attest to having personal knowledge of the facts regarding the assessment of contributions
owed by Kafka Construction, as well as the costs incurred in the current suit. Stupar Decl. ¶ 1;
Hopp Decl. ¶ 1. Courts of the district, including this one, have accepted similar declarations in
support of motions for default judgment regarding monetary damages owed to IPF and IMI. See
Cacper Constr. Corp., 130 F. Supp. 3d at 383; Providence Constr., 304 F.R.D. at 37; Elite Terrazzo
Flooring, 763 F. Supp. 2d at 69.
Since the lawsuit was filed, Defendant has paid some of the amounts due to Plaintiffs. Pls.’
Mot. Default J. at 4. Mr. Stupar’s declaration details the amounts still owed for delinquent
contributions, interest on late paid payments, liquidated damages, court fees, and the process
server’s fee. Stupar Decl. ¶¶ 9-12, 14-15.
First, Stupar affirms that Kafka Construction failed to pay on time all the contributions due
to IPF and IMI for covered work performed by a group of covered employees from January 2016
through August 2016. Stupar Decl. ¶ 9. Interest owed on the late paid contributions is $846.02 to
the IPF and $390.93 to the IMI; liquidated damages for late paid payments are $1,841.55 to IPF and
$850.69 to the IMI. Id.Second, Kafka Construction failed to make timely contributions due to IPF and IMI for
covered work performed by a second group of covered employees from January 2016 to April
2016. Stupar Decl. ¶ 10. Interest on the late paid contributions is $179.40 to the IPF and $147.96
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to the IMI; liquidated damages for late paid payments are $662.92 to the IPF and $546.72 to the
IMI. Id.Third, an audit conducted by Kobgo Associates Inc. covering the period from January 2016
to December 2016 also found that Kafka Construction failed to properly submit required reports
and owes $4,740.48 in delinquent contributions to the IPF and $3,814.40 to the IMI. Stupar
Decl. ¶ 11. These delinquent contributions have accrued interest of $536.58 to IPF and $433.51 to
IMI, and liquidated damages of $948.14 to IPF and $762.88 to IMI. Id.Fourth, Kafka Construction failed to submit the required reports and pay the required
contributions to the IPF and IMI for covered work performed under the Agreement by the second
group of covered employees from January 2017 to April 2017. Stupar Decl. ¶ 12. Without the
reports, Plaintiffs are entitled to judgment based on reasonable estimates of hours worked by
employees in covered employment. See, e.g., Nat’l Shopmen Pension Fund v. Builders Metal
Supply Inc., 304 F.R.D. 47, 50 (D.D.C. 2014). Plaintiffs estimate that $696.74 is owed each month
to the IPF (for a total of $2,786.95) and $551.88 is owed each month to the IMI (for a total of
$2,207.52) based on the average monthly hours reported by Kafka Construction. Stupar Decl. ¶ 12.
The interest on these delinquent payments is $39.53 to the IPF and $31.30 to the IMI; liquidated
damages are $418.05 to the IPF and $331.14 to the IMI. Id.Finally, Plaintiffs are entitled to recover court fees under ERISA Section 502(g)(2)(D).
Here, Plaintiffs incurred a $400 court filing fee and a $350 process server fee. Stupar Decl. ¶¶ 14-
15.
The costs detailed above total $23,266.67.
C. Attorney’s Fees
Aside from contractual damages, ERISA also requires defendants to pay plaintiffs’
reasonable attorney’s fees. 29 U.S.C. § 1132(g)(2)(D). O’Donoghue & O’Donoghue charged
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Plaintiffs $295 an hour for 19.10 hours of work, totaling $5,634.50 in attorney’s fees for this case.
Hopp Decl. ¶ 2, 4. In support of the requested attorney’s fees, Mr. Hopp’s declaration details the
services provided to Plaintiffs. Hopp attests that he has over 25 years of experience practicing
exclusively in the field of labor and employee benefits. Id. ¶ 1. He also notes that the firm has
charged reduced hourly rates in this case that fall “substantially below” the rate in the current
Laffey matrix. Id. ¶ 4.
Hopp’s declaration outlines the individual tasks he performed, from preparing the complaint
to drafting the motion for default judgment. Hopp Decl. Ex. 1. Because this declaration constitutes
the type of “detailed . . . documentary evidence” on which the Court may rely, see Fanning, 257
F.R.D. at 7, the Court concludes that Plaintiffs have justified the hours expended in this case.
The Court likewise finds the requested rates to be reasonable. Hopp states that the
negotiated fee of $295 an hour is “below the usual and customary fee charged for this type of
work.” Hopp Decl. ¶ 4. Given that the firm charged below-market rates, the Court finds the
request to be reasonable. See, e.g., Providence Constr. Corp., 304 F.R.D. at 37 (holding that “Funds
are entitled to an attorneys-fee award calculated at market rates . . .”). The Court therefore
determines that Plaintiffs are entitled to $5,634.50 in attorney’s fees.
D. Injunctive Relief
The final issue before the Court is whether Plaintiffs are entitled to their requested equitable
relief: an injunction requiring Kafka Construction to 1) submit all remittance reports accurately to
Plaintiffs no later than the fifteenth day of the month following the month in which the Defendant’s
employees performed their work, and 2) pay the Plaintiffs all contributions owed no later than the
fifteenth day of the month following the month in which the Defendant’s employees performed
their work. Pls.’ Mot. Default J. 9-10. ERISA permits courts to grant “other legal or equitable
relief as [it] deems appropriate.” 29 U.S.C. § 1132(g)(2)(E). In similar situations with non-
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responsive defendants, courts have awarded injunctions requiring an employer to comply with its
obligations under ERISA and collective bargaining agreements. See Boland v. Yoccabel Constr.
Co., Inc., 293 F.R.D. 13, 20-21 (D.D.C. 2013); Int’l Painters & Allied Trades Industry Pension
Fund v. ZAK Architectural Metal & Glass, LLC, 635 F. Supp. 2d 21, 26 (D.D.C. 2009); Carpenters
Labor-Mgmt. Pension Fund v. Freeman-Carder, LLC, 498 F. Supp. 2d 237, 242 (D.D.C. 2007).
Guided by these prior cases, the Court grants Plaintiffs’ petition for an injunction “because
the defendant has demonstrated no willingness to comply with either its contractual or statutory
obligations or to participate in the judicial process.” ZAK Architectural Metal & Glass, LLC, 635
F. Supp. 2d at 26 (internal citation omitted). The Court directs Kafka Construction to file the
reports required under the applicable collective bargaining agreement and pay all contributions to
IPF and IMI that may become due after the entry of judgment.
IV. Conclusion
For the foregoing reasons, the Court will grant Plaintiffs’ Motion for Entry of Default
Judgment. The Court will issue an order consistent with this opinion.
CHRISTOPHER R. COOPER
United States District Judge
Date: August 11, 2017
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