Payne v. Stansberry ( 2012 )

UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
RONNIE PAYNE, )
)
Petitioner, )
)
v. ) Civ. Action No. 10-0617 (RMC)
)
PATRICIA STANSBERRY, )
)
Respondent. )
MEMORANDUM OPINION
The United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit has
remanded this habeas action in part for this Court to address:
[1] whether a COA should be granted in light of appellant’s claim that
appellate counsel had an actual conflict of interest because he served as both
trial and appellate counsel and that appellant’s claim concerning his appellate
representation should therefore be evaluated under Cuyler v. Sullivan, 446 U.S.
335 (1980), and [2] his claim that he was denied his right to appellate counsel
when appellate counsel failed to argue on appeal that as trial counsel he had
rendered deficient performance in failing to object to the indictment.
Order, No. 11-5300 (Mar. 2, 2012) [Dkt. # 36]. A certificate of appealability (“COA”) may issue
only if the petitioner “has made a substantial showing of the denial of a constitutional right.” 28
U.S.C. § 2253(c)(2). This is accomplished by “showing that reasonable jurists could debate
whether (or, for that matter, agree that) the petition should have been resolved in a different
manner or that the issues presented were ‘adequate to deserve encouragement to proceed
further.’” Slack v. McDaniel, 529 U.S. 473, 483-84 (2000) (quoting Barefoot v. Estelle, 463 U.S.
880, 893 n.4 (1983)). Where the petition has been denied in the district court on the merits, the
petitioner “must demonstrate that reasonable jurists would find the district court's assessment of
the constitutional claims debatable or wrong." Id. at 484. In granting a COA, the Court must
specify which issues raise a substantial showing of the denial of a constitutional right. United
States v. Mitchell, 216 F.3d 1126, 1130 (D.C. Cir. 2000); United States v. Weaver, 195 F.3d 52,
53 (D.C. Cir. 1999).
1. Mr. Payne’s Conflict of Interest Claim
In Cuyler v. Sullivan, the United States Supreme Court addressed when a criminal
defense attorney’s representation of co-defendants at trial violates the Sixth Amendment right to
the effective assistance of counsel. The Court held “that the possibility of conflict is insufficient
to impugn a criminal conviction. In order to demonstrate a violation of his Sixth Amendment
rights, a defendant [who raised no objection to counsel’s multiple representation at trial] must
establish that an actual conflict of interest adversely affected his lawyer’s performance.” 446
U.S. at 350. If an actual conflict is shown, “a defendant avoids the more stringent two-part test
for ineffective assistance set forth in Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668 (1984) . . . .”
United States. v. Gantt, 140 F.3d 249, 254 (D.C. Cir. 1998).
The District of Columbia Circuit has determined that “[a] defense attorney has an
‘actual conflict’ when he is ‘required to make a choice advancing [another client's] interests to
the detriment of his client's interest.’ ” Id. (quoting United States v. Bruce, 89 F.3d 886, 893
(D.C. Cir. 1996)) (other citation omitted) (alteration in original). This Court does not discern
how reasonable jurists could debate the inapplicability of Cuyler to Mr. Payne’s claim predicated
on his counsel’s representation solely of him and the applicability of Strickland to his ineffective
assistance claim. See Mickens v. Taylor, 535 U.S. 162, 174-75 (2002) (rejecting courts’
“unblinking[]” application of Cuyler to “all kinds of alleged attorney ethical conflicts,” and
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confirming that “[u]ntil . . . a defendant shows that his counsel actively represented conflicting
interests, he has not established the constitutional predicate for his claim of ineffective
assistance” under Cuyler.) (emphasis in original) (citations and internal quotation marks
omitted).
2. The Alleged Faulty Indictment
Mr. Payne asserts that this Court failed to address his claim that appellate counsel
“rendered deficient performance” in failing to raise on appeal his ineffectiveness at trial by “not
object[ing] to the indictment on the ground that it failed to charge Petitioner as an ‘aider and
abettor’ in order to give Petitioner notice that he could have been convicted under an alternative
theory.” Pet. for Certificate of Appealability [ Dkt. # 25] at 4. Although the jury was instructed
on aiding and abetting, which appellate counsel had argued as a point of error on direct appeal, it
convicted Mr. Payne as a principal. See generally Payne v. United States, 697 A.2d 1229 (D.C.
1997). The District of Columbia Court of Appeals noted that Mr. Payne’s argument on the
aiding instruction was “without merit” because “[t]here was sufficient evidence to convict Payne
either as a principal or as an aider and abettor, and the jury could properly return a general verdict
against Payne without specifying whether he was a principal or an aider and abettor.” Payne, 697
A.2d at 1235 n.12 (citing Greer v. United States, 600 A.2d 1086, 1088 n.4 (D.C. 1991)).
Even if appellate counsel had specifically argued his ineffectiveness as Mr. Payne
suggests, no reasonable jurists applying the Strickland standard could debate his inability to
establish a Sixth Amendment violation since it is highly improbable that the D.C. Court of
Appeals would have decided the direct appeal any differently. See Strickland, 466 U.S. at 692(“An error by counsel, even if professionally unreasonable, does not warrant setting aside the
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judgment of a criminal proceeding if the error had no effect on the judgment.”); id at 694 (In
establishing prejudice, “[t]he defendant must show that there is a reasonable probability that, but
for counsel's unprofessional errors, the result of the proceeding would have been different. A
reasonable probability is a probability sufficient to undermine confidence in the outcome.”).
For the foregoing reasons, the Court finds no grounds for issuing a COA based on
the remanded claims. The Clerk is directed to transmit this Memorandum Opinion immediately
to the appellate court.
Date: April 2, 2012 _________/s/_____________
ROSEMARY M. COLLYER
United States District Judge
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