Grant v. Austin ( 2021 )


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  •                            UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
    FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
    ____________________________________
    )
    WILLIAM LEE GRANT, II,              )
    )
    Plaintiff,        )
    )
    v.                            )                 Civil Action No. 21-1173 (ABJ)
    )                 Civil Action No. 21-1765 (ABJ)
    JAMES A. BAKER, III,                )
    )
    Defendant.        )
    ____________________________________)
    MEMORANDUM OPINION
    In two separate actions, plaintiff, appearing pro se, sued former Secretary of State James
    A. Baker, III, and former Secretary of Defense Donald H. Rumsfeld in the Superior Court of the
    District of Columbia. Each case was removed to this Court pursuant to 
    28 U.S.C. § 1442
    (a)(1)
    and assigned its own number. Defendant has moved to dismiss under Federal Rules of Civil
    Procedure 12(b)(1) and 12(b)(6), arguing, among other grounds for dismissal, that plaintiff’s
    complaint is “patently insubstantial, presenting no federal question suitable for decision.” Mem.
    of P. & A. [Dkt. # 14-1 at 9], quoting Tooley v. Napolitano, 
    586 F.3d 1006
    , 1009-10 (D.C. Cir.
    2009); No. 21-cv-1765 [Dkt. # 7-1 at 9]. The Court agrees. So, defendant’s motion will be
    granted for the reasons explained more fully below.
    BACKGROUND
    Plaintiff is a frequent litigator whose cases have been dismissed as frivolous or for
    inadequate pleading under Rule 8(a) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. Like plaintiff’s
    prior complaints, the amended complaint in No. 21-cv-1173 [Dkt. # 12 at 10-41] and the complaint
    in No. 21-cv-1765 consist of “random statements and conclusory assertions” that are “largely
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    incomprehensible.” Grant v. Baker, No. 20-cv-1724 (UNA), 
    2020 WL 4748321
    , at *1 (D.D.C.
    Aug. 13, 2020) (Kollar-Kotelly, J.); see 
    id.
     (noting that “plaintiff is no stranger to this Court, having
    had numerous cases dismissed, often with prejudice, for frivolity and/or inadequate pleading under
    Rule 8(a)”) (listing cases)); see also, e.g., Grant v. Joint Chiefs of Staff, No. 19-5016, 
    2019 WL 1752638
    , at *1 (D.C. Cir. Apr. 15, 2019) (per curiam) (“The district court properly dismissed
    appellant’s complaint as frivolous.”); Grant v. Shanahan, No. 19-5018, 
    2019 WL 2158371
    , at *1
    (D.C. Cir. Apr. 17, 2019) (per curiam) (same); Grant v. United States Dep’t of Just., No. 19-5008,
    
    2019 WL 2156324
    , at *1 (D.C. Cir. Apr. 17, 2019) (per curiam) (same); Grant v. Kabaker, No.
    18-5130, 
    2018 WL 4610753
    , at *1 (D.C. Cir. Aug. 24, 2018) (per curiam) (same). In Grant v.
    Baker, supra, Judge Kollar-Kotelly observed:
    [M]ost of plaintiff’s complaints are repetitive and largely
    incoherent, and many filed here and in other district courts have
    named the same defendants. A search of this Court’s civil dockets
    by the name William Lee Grant, II indicates that, in the past three
    years, plaintiff has filed at least 27 cases in this Court alone that did
    not survive the screening process . . . . A search and review of
    PACER reveals that plaintiff has filed approximately 192 total
    matters in various federal courts, and similarly, most of them also
    failed to survive the screening process. As a result, plaintiff has
    been, see, e.g., Grant v. Dep't of Defense, No. 4:18-cv-471 (N.D.
    Tex. June 12, 2018), ECF No. 7, and is currently, see, e.g., Grant v.
    Dep't of Defense, Case No. 3:19-cv-3001 (C.D. Ill. Feb. 12, 2019),
    ECF No. 7, barred from filing in forma pauperis [IFP] in other
    federal courts.
    
    2020 WL 4748321
    , at *2. Judge Kollar-Kotelly also noted “five additional cases,” including three
    more against Baker, that plaintiff filed contemporaneously, which “appear[ed] to be similarly
    duplicative and frivolous.” 
    Id. at *2, n.1
    . She concluded that plaintiff “abused the privilege of
    proceeding IFP” and ordered him to show why he should not be barred from proceeding IFP in
    future cases. 
    Id. at 3
    . Plaintiff did not respond to the order; therefore, on October 6, 2020, Judge
    Rudolph Contreras issued an order enjoining plaintiff from filing IFP based on his “history of
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    filing frequent and meritless lawsuits” that “are harassing to the Court.” No. 20-cv-1724 [Dkt. #
    5]. So, defendant’s removal of the pending cases from D.C. Superior Court is the only reason
    they have progressed to the motion phase.
    LEGAL STANDARD
    In evaluating a motion to dismiss under either Rule 12(b)(1) or 12(b)(6), the Court must
    “treat the complaint’s factual allegations as true . . . and must grant plaintiff ‘the benefit of all
    inferences that can be derived from the facts alleged.’ ” Sparrow v. United Air Lines, Inc., 
    216 F.3d 1111
    , 1113 (D.C. Cir. 2000), quoting Schuler v. United States, 
    617 F.2d 605
    , 608 (D.C. Cir.
    1979) (citations omitted). Nevertheless, the Court need not accept inferences drawn by the
    plaintiff if those inferences are unsupported by facts alleged in the complaint, nor must the Court
    accept plaintiff’s legal conclusions. Browning v. Clinton, 
    292 F.3d 235
    , 242 (D.C. Cir. 2002).
    A claim is facially plausible when the pleaded factual content “allows the court to draw the
    reasonable inference that the defendant is liable for the misconduct alleged.” Ashcroft v. Iqbal,
    
    556 U.S. 662
    , 678 (2009), citing Bell Atl. Corp. v. Twombly, 
    550 U.S. 544
    , 556 (2007). “The
    plausibility standard is not akin to a ‘probability requirement,’ but it asks for more than a sheer
    possibility that a defendant has acted unlawfully.” 
    Id.,
     quoting Twombly, 
    550 U.S. at 556
    . A
    pleading must offer more than “labels and conclusions” or a “formulaic recitation of the elements
    of a cause of action,” 
    id.,
     quoting Twombly, 
    550 U.S. at 555
    , and “[t]hreadbare recitals of the
    elements of a cause of action, supported by mere conclusory statements, do not suffice.” 
    Id.,
     citing
    Twombly, 
    550 U.S. at 555
    .
    In ruling upon a motion to dismiss for lack of jurisdiction under Rule 12(b)(1), the plaintiff
    bears the burden of establishing jurisdiction by a preponderance of the evidence. See Lujan v.
    Defenders of Wildlife, 
    504 U.S. 555
    , 561 (1992); Shekoyan v. Sibly Int’l Corp., 
    217 F. Supp. 2d 59
    , 63 (D.D.C. 2002). Federal courts are courts of limited jurisdiction and the law presumes that
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    “a cause lies outside this limited jurisdiction.” Kokkonen v. Guardian Life Ins. Co. of Am., 
    511 U.S. 375
    , 377 (1994); see also Gen. Motors Corp. v. Envtl. Prot. Agency, 
    363 F.3d 442
    , 448 (D.C.
    Cir. 2004) (“As a court of limited jurisdiction, we begin, and end, with examination of our
    jurisdiction.”). Because “subject-matter jurisdiction is an ‘Art[icle] III as well as a statutory
    requirement . . . no action of the parties can confer subject-matter jurisdiction upon a federal
    court.’” Akinseye v. District of Columbia, 
    339 F.3d 970
    , 971 (D.C. Cir. 2003), quoting Ins. Corp.
    of Ir., Ltd. v. Compagnie des Bauxites de Guinee, 
    456 U.S. 694
    , 702 (1982).
    When considering a motion to dismiss for lack of jurisdiction, unlike when deciding a
    motion to dismiss under Rule 12(b)(6), the court “is not limited to the allegations of the complaint.”
    Hohri v. United States, 
    782 F.2d 227
    , 241 (D.C. Cir. 1986),vacated on other grounds, 
    482 U.S. 64
    (1987).     Rather, a court “may consider such materials outside the pleadings as it deems
    appropriate to resolve the question of whether it has jurisdiction to hear the case.” Scolaro v. D.C.
    Bd. of Elections & Ethics, 
    104 F. Supp. 2d 18
    , 22 (D.D.C. 2000), citing Herbert v. Nat’l Acad. of
    Sciences, 
    974 F.2d 192
    , 197 (D.C. Cir. 1993); see also Jerome Stevens Pharms., Inc. v. FDA, 
    402 F.3d 1249
    , 1253 (D.C. Cir. 2005).
    ANALYSIS
    As indicated above, defendant suggests that this Court is deprived of subject matter
    jurisdiction. It is established that “federal courts are without power to entertain claims” that “are
    ‘so attenuated and unsubstantial as to be absolutely devoid of merit.’ ” Hagans v. Lavine, 
    415 U.S. 528
    , 536–37 (1974), quoting Newburyport Water Co. v. Newburyport, 
    193 U.S. 561
    , 579
    (1904). The standard for dismissal under Rule 12(b)(1), however, “demands that the claims be
    flimsier than “doubtful or questionable”—they must be “essentially fictitious.” Best v. Kelly, 
    39 F.3d 328
    , 330 (D.C. Cir. 1994), quoting Hagans, 
    415 U.S. at
    536–37.
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    In the earlier-numbered case, 21-cv-1173, Plaintiff alleges that Baker conspired with
    former Attorney General William Barr and “six known members” of the Defense Department to
    detain him “in Illinois for nearly thirty years under threat of military force beginning in 1992”; to
    “provide employment opportunities . . . and tuition waivers to individuals who reported” on
    plaintiff’s “words and actions”; and to “traffick[ ]” him to Springfield, Illinois, to be “beaten,”
    “endure psychological warfare,” and to serve as the Defense Department’s “witness to the 9/11
    terrorist attacks.” Am. Compl. at 21-22 ¶¶ 16-18. In the later-numbered case, 21-cv-1765,
    plaintiff alleges that Rumsfeld, as Defense Secretary “from 2001 until 2006, is liable for the actions
    of Six Known Members of the U.S. Department of Defense” during that time period “under the
    theory of respondeat superior and command responsibility.” Compl. ¶ 2 [Dkt. # 1-1]. Plaintiff
    alleges that the six known members “planned and attempted to assassinate” him “in 2017 to
    conceal their multi-decade unconstitutional and racially motivated conspiracy against” him.
    Compl. at 4.
    Plaintiff’s fanciful allegations, to the extent intelligible, are the very type comprising
    complaints “that district courts have dismissed for patent insubstantiality[.]” Tooley, 586 F.3d at
    1010; see id., citing with approval dismissals of cases alleging, among other things, “a campaign
    of surveillance and harassment deriving from uncertain origins[.]”; see also Best, 
    39 F.3d at 330
    (“patently insubstantial” claims may include “bizarre conspiracy theories” and allegations of
    “fantastic government manipulations of [plaintiff’s] will or mind). 1
    1
    But for the jurisdictional defect, this case would be added to plaintiff’s long list of frivolous
    dismissals. See Neitzke v. Williams, 
    490 U.S. 319
    , 325 (1989) (a frivolous complaint is one
    lacking “an arguable basis either in law or in fact”); Crisafi v. Holland, 
    655 F.2d 1305
    , 1307–08
    (D.C. Cir. 1981) (per curiam) (“A court may dismiss as frivolous complaints reciting bare legal
    conclusions with no suggestion of supporting facts, or postulating events and circumstances of a
    wholly fanciful kind.”); see also Best, 
    39 F.3d at 331
     (“If the district court viewed . . . plaintiffs’
    complaint as legally frivolous, . . . , the proper course would have been to grant the defendants’
    Rule 12(b)(6) motion.”).
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    CONCLUSION
    For the foregoing reasons, the Court grants defendant’s motion to dismiss under Rule
    12(b)(1). A separate Order accompanies this Memorandum Opinion.
    AMY BERMAN JACKSON
    DATE: October 1, 2021                          United States District Judge
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