Fisheries Survival Fund v. Guiterrez ( 2009 )

UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
__________________________________________
)
FISHERIES SURVIVAL FUND, )
)
Plaintiff, )
)
v. ) Civil Action No. 08-1679 (PLF)
)
GARY F. LOCKE, )
Secretary, United States Department )
of Commerce, )
)
Defendant.1 )
__________________________________________)
MEMORANDUM OPINION
This matter is before the Court on plaintiff’s motion to stay and on defendant’s
motion to dismiss as moot.2 The parties agree that currently there is no basis for pursuing the
case on the merits because plaintiff has received the relief that it originally sought. They
disagree, however, as to whether the Court should dismiss the case as moot or instead order that
it be stayed based on a possibility that subsequent events will affect the relief plaintiff received.
After careful consideration of the parties’ papers and the relevant case law, the Court finds that
1
The Court has substituted Secretary of Commerce Gary F. Locke as the defendant
for former Secretary Carlos Gutierrez pursuant to Rule 25(d) of the Federal Rules of Civil
Procedure.
2
The parties filed the following papers in connection with these motions: Amended
Fisheries Survival Fund’s Motion to Stay this Matter and Incorporated Memorandum of Law in
Support of the Motion to Stay (“Pl. Mot.”); Defendant’s Motion to Dismiss as Moot Pursuant to
Fed. R. Civ. P. 12(b)(1) and Combined Memorandum of Points and Authorities in Support of
Motion to Dismiss and in Opposition to Plaintiff’s Amended Motion to Stay (“Def. Mot.”);
Fisheries Survival Fund’s Reply to Defendant’s Opposition to Plaintiff’s Motion to Stay this
Matter and Opposition to Defendant’s Motion to Dismiss Pursuant to Fed. R. Civ. P. 12(b)(1)
(“Pl. Rep.”); and Defendant’s Reply in Support of Motion to Dismiss as Moot (“Def. Rep.”).
the case is moot. It therefore will grant defendant’s motion to dismiss.
On October 1, 2008, plaintiff, a non-profit organization made up of Atlantic
scallop fishing vessels, filed suit in this Court challenging a biological opinion (the “2008
Biological Opinion”) issued by the National Marine Fisheries Service (“NMSF”), an agency
within the Department of Commerce. See Complaint ¶¶ 1-2. NMSF subsequently amended the
sections in the 2008 Biological Opinion that were challenged by plaintiff. See Pl. Mot. at 3-4.
Plaintiff does not challenge the 2008 Biological Opinion as amended. See Pl. Rep. at 1 (“the
challenged provision [was] superseded by agency action”).
The parties agree that as a result of defendant’s amendment of the 2008 Biological
Opinion, plaintiff has received all of the relief that it originally had sought in this case. See Pl.
Rep. at 1 (“neither party has a present interest in pursuing the case on the merits”); Def. Mot. at 1
(“FSF no longer has any quarrel with the agency action at issue”). The Court is persuaded by
defendant’s arguments and the case law cited in defendant’s papers that the case therefore is
moot. See Def. Mot. at 10 (“A case is moot if ‘events have so transpired that [resolution of the
case] will neither presently affect the parties’ rights nor have a more-than-speculative chance of
affecting them in the future.’”) (citing Munsell v. USDA, 509 F.3d 572, 583 (D.C. Cir. 2007));
see also Def. Mot. at 10-12; Def. Rep. at 2-4. As the court of appeals has explained: “By
constitutional design, a federal court is authorized only to adjudicate ‘actual, ongoing
controversies,’ and thus may not ‘give opinions upon moot questions or abstract propositions, or
. . . declare principles or rules of law which cannot affect the matter in issue in the case before
it.’” Beethoven.com LLC v. Librarian of Congress, 394 F.3d 939, 950 (D.C. Cir. 2005) (internal
citations omitted). See also Worth v. Jackson, 451 F.3d 854, 857 (D.C. Cir. 2006) (no federal
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subject matter jurisdiction exists where the case is not justiciable because it is moot);
A.N.S.W.E.R. Coalition v. Kempthorne, 493 F. Supp. 2d 34, 42 (D.D.C. 2007) (same). In a case
such as this, where “events outrun the controversy such that the court can grant no meaningful
relief, the case must be dismissed as moot.” McBryde v. Comm. to Review, 264 F.3d 52, 55
(D.C. Cir. 2001).
Plaintiff argues that the case should not be dismissed as moot because of the
existence of a pending, related case, Oceana, Inc. v. Locke, Civil Action No. 08-1881 (D.D.C.).
Oceana, the plaintiff in the related case, challenges the 2008 Biological Opinion, seeking to have
it vacated in its entirety. See id., Complaint, Dkt. No. 1 (D.D.C. October 31, 2008). Plaintiff
believes that Oceana will amend its complaint to challenge the amendments to 2008 Biological
Opinion as well as the original Biological Opinion. See Pl. Mot. at 4-5. Plaintiff argues that its
own challenge to the original 2008 Biological Opinion would be viable if Oceana does amend its
complaint, and if it does not succeed in having the 2008 Biological Opinion as a whole vacated,
but does succeed in having the amendments vacated, and if the Court determines the appropriate
remedy is to reinstate the original version of the 2008 Biological Opinion. The Court is not
persuaded by this argument.
This hypothetical string of events is far too attenuated to save plaintiff’s claim
from a finding of mootness. See Munsell v. Dep’t of Agriculture, 509 F.3d at 583 (“speculation
[as to future events], without more, ‘does not shield a case from a mootness determination.’”)
(quoting City News & Novelty, Inc. v. City of Waukesha, 531 U.S. 278, 283 (2001));
Beethoven.com LLC v. Librarian of Congress, 394 F.3d at 951 (“a ‘theoretical possibility’ . . . is
not sufficient to qualify as ‘capable of repetition.’ . . . There must instead be a ‘reasonable
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suspicion’ or ‘demonstrated probability’ that the action will recur.”); Van Valin v. Gutierrez, 587
F. Supp. 2d 118, 120 (D.D.C. 2008) (“While a defendant’s voluntary cessation of a challenged
practice does not deprive a federal court of jurisdiction . . . ‘the case may nevertheless be moot if
the defendant can demonstrate that there is no reasonable expectation that the wrong will be
repeated.’”) (quoting United States v. W.T. Grant Co., 345 U.S. 629, 633 (1953)). Moreover,
plaintiff has not shown that the case falls into any of the exceptions to the mootness doctrine.
See Def. Mot. at 12-14; Def. Rep. at 4-6. Nor do the legal authorities upon which plaintiff relies
support its position.
The Court finds that the case is moot and that it therefore does not have subject
matter jurisdiction. The case will be dismissed without prejudice — should the original 2008
Biological Opinion ever be reinstated, plaintiff may file suit to challenge it. See Van Valin v.
Gutierrez, 587. F. Supp. 2d at 121 n.5. Plaintiff’s motion to stay will be denied as moot. An
Order consistent with this Memorandum Opinion will issue this same day.
_/s/________________________
PAUL L. FRIEDMAN
United States District Judge
DATE: June 24, 2009
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