Hawkins v. Hooters of America, Inc. ( 2011 )

UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA FI L E D
KIANNA HAWKINS, et al., ) g;,,k U s Dism_ct
' ' ~ & Bank 1
Plaintiffs § c°"= for the Dtsmcr of
) Civil Case No. 09-1475 (RJL)
v. )
)
HOOTERS OF AMERICA, INC., et al., )
)
Defendants. )
)
7‘1__
MEMORANDUM ORDER
(July _ff_, 2011)[# 21]
Presently before this Court is plaintiffs’ Motion Requesting the Court to Declare
the Arbitration Agreement Unenforceable or in the Alternative to Vacate the Arbitrator’s
Clause Construction Award. ("Pls.’ Mot."). For the following reasons, the motion is
DENIED.
On August 5, 2009, employees and former employees ("plaintiffs") of Hooters of
America, Inc. and Hooters of Washington, D.C., LLC ("defendants") brought this action
claiming unlawful deprivation of plaintiffs’ rights to the minimum wage and overtime
compensation pursuant to the federal Fair Labor Standards Act ("FLSA"), 29 U.S.C. §§
201, el seq., and the D.C. Code, §§ 32-1001, et seq. Compl. 111 l-Z. On August 25, 2009,
defendants moved to dismiss the complaint and compel arbitration pursuant to the
parties’ Agreement to Arbitrate. See Mot. to Dismiss and Compel Arb., Aug. 25, 2009
[#6]. On September 21, 2009, in lieu of a response to defendants’ motion, plaintiffs filed
an unopposed motion to stay the case while the parties pursued arbitration. Pls.’ Mot. to
Stay [#15]. In that motion, plaintiffs specifically "agreed not to oppose Defendants’
motion to pursue arbitration." Pls.’ Mot. to Stay at l. This Court granted plaintiffs’
motion and stayed the case. Minute Order, Sept. 23, 2009.
Thereafter arbitration commenced, and on April l2, 20l0, the Arbitrator issued a
Clause Construction Award, determining that class arbitration was not permitted under
the Agreement to Arbitrate absent a specific indication that it was contemplated by the
parties. Pls.’ l\/[ot., Ex. l, Clause Construction Award. Plaintiffs now request that this
Court find the arbitration agreement unenforceable and unconscionable.' Because
plaintiffs had consented to arbitration, however, defendants contend that plaintiffs cannot
now object to arbitration. l agree.z
1 In the alternative, plaintiffs request that this Court vacate the award. Pls.’ Mot. at 17-
18. Plaintiffs, however, have failed to show any of the grounds outlined in the Federal
Arbitration Act, 9 U.S.C. § l0(a), on which a district court may vacate the arbitration
award. Further, it is, at best, unclear in our Circuit whether the arbitrator’s award can be
vacated under the "manifest disregard of the law" standard. See Hall Slreet Assocs.,
L.L.C. v. Mattel, Inc., 552 U.S. 576, 584-85 (2008). Regardless, even if such a standard
remains open to this Court, plaintiffs have clearly failed to meet it. See LaPraa’e v.
Kia’a’er, Peabody & Co., 246 F.3d 702, 706 (D.C. Cir. 200l).
2 Even if plaintiffs had preserved their objection, either at the time they agreed to arbitrate
or during the arbitration proceedings, the agreement, as interpreted by the arbitrator,
would nonetheless be enforceable. First, class arbitration is generally disfavored as
undermining the efficiency benefits of the arbitration process. See AT&T Mobility v.
Concepci``on, l3l S. Ct. 1740, 1751-52 (20l l) (suggesting that bilateral arbitration is
preferred to class arbitration because class arbitration is inefficient, overly complex for
the arbitration system, and greatly increases risk to defendants). Moreover, contrary to
plaintiffs’ contention, the ability to proceed as a class is not a substantive right
guaranteed by the FLSA. 29 U.S.C. § 2l6(b) (specifically limiting the right to pursue a
FLSA claim on behalf of employees similarly situated); see also Aa'kins v. Labor Ready,
Inc., 303 F.3d 496, 503 (4th Cir. 2002) (holding an arbitration agreement that waived
class relief enforceable in the FLSA context). Rather, the FLSA language more
accurately supports a party’s substantive right not to be a part of a class action. 29 U.S.C.
§ 2l6(b); see also Ellz``s v. Edwam’ D. Jones & Co., 527 F. Supp. 2d 439, 456 (W.D. Pa.
2
Indeed, "a party may not submit a claim to arbitration and then challenge the
authority of the arbitrator to act after receiving an unfavorable result." Lopata v. Coyne,
735 A.2d 931, 937 (D.C. l999) (emphasis added) (internal quotations omitted). Such a
challenge to the arbitrability of the grievance must be preserved. See Howara’ Univ. v.
Metro. Campus Polz``ce O/j‘lcer’s Unlon, 5l2 F.3d 7l6, 720 (D.C. Cir. 2008); Data
Moantain Solutz``ons, Inc. v. Gz``orclano, 680 F. Supp. 2d ll0, 129 (D.D.C. 2010) (noting
that failure to object to an arbitrator’s jurisdiction during arbitration waives the right to
challenge it at a later point in time); see also United Fooa’ & Cornmercz``al Workers, Local
400 v. Marval Poultry Co., 876 F.2d 346, 353 (4th Cir. 1989) ("Parties to arbitration
proceedings cannot sit idle while an arbitration decision is rendered and then, if the
decision is adverse, seek to attack the award collaterally on grounds not raised before the
arbitrator." (quoting Unitea’ Streelworkers of Arnerz'ca v. Srnoke Craft Inc., 652 F.2d 1356,
1360 (9th Cir. 1981)); Lockman v. J.K. Harris & Co, No. 3:06-cv-258, 2007 WL 734951at *3 (W.D. Ky. Mar. 6, 2007) ("the Lockmans reserved the right to claim
unconscionability when they argued ‘should the forum interpret the arbitration agreement
in the manner that precludes the Lockmans from pursuing their class claims, the contract
would then be both procedurally and substantively unconscionable and thus
unenforceable"’).3
2007) (the FLSA protects "the right of employers not to be sued in representative actions,
and the right of employees not to have their rights litigated without their knowledge and
express consent." (emphasis added)).
3 Plaintiffs argue that they "[c]ould not waive their right to challenge the enforceability of
the class action ban until the arbitrator determined that the ban existed." Pls.’ Reply at 3.
However, neither case cited by plaintiffs in support of this position address the procedural
3
Thus, because plaintiffs did not preserve their right to challenge arbitrability either
before the Court prior to consenting to arbitration, or before the arbitrator prior to his
adverse ruling, plaintiffs cannot make such a challenge now. Such bait and switch tactics
are not legally tolerable.
Accordingly, it is hereby
ORDERED that plaintiffs’ Motion Requesting the Court to Declare the
Arbitration Agreement Unenforceable or in the Alternative to Vacate the Arbitrator’s
Clause Construction Award is DENIED.
SO ORDERED.
United States District Judge
steps necessary to preserve a challenge to the enforceability of the arbitration agreement.
See Paczfz``care Health Sys., Inc. v. Book, 538 U.S. 401, 406-07 (2003); Vi)nar Seguros y
Reaseguros, S.A. v. M/VSky Reefer, 515 U.S. 528, 540-41 (1995). Indeed, in Vz``mar the
court emphasized that the arbitrability challenge had been preserved prior to the
commencement of the arbitration proceedings. Vi``mar, 515 U.S. at 540-4l.