Muhammad v. United States of America ( 2019 )

UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
RAHEEM MUHAMMAD,
Plaintiff,
v.
Civil Action No. 16-1079 (TJK)
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA et al.,
Defendants.
MEMORANDUM OPINION AND ORDER
This matter is currently before the Court on a motion to dismiss for lack of prosecution
and non-compliance with the Court’s orders, ECF No. 45, filed by the remaining defendants: the
United States of America, Megan J. Brennan, Patrick R. Donahue, Gerald Roane, Jane Doe
Bello, and Jane Doe (collectively, “Federal Defendants”). In response, Plaintiff Raheem
Muhammad, proceeding pro se, has filed, inter alia, a motion to strike Federal Defendants’
motion, see ECF No. 49. Also pending before the Court are several requests by Plaintiff for
reasonable and meaningful accommodations, for the appointment of counsel, and to transfer the
case. See ECF Nos. 41, 47, 50.
For the reasons stated herein, the Court will defer ruling on Federal Defendants’ motion
to dismiss, and Plaintiff’s motions and requests for relief will be denied. Should Plaintiff fail to
confer with Federal Defendants as directed below, Federal Defendants’ motion will be granted,
and this matter will be dismissed promptly for lack of prosecution.
I. Factual and Procedural Background
Plaintiff originally brought this action against Federal Defendants and the District of
Columbia. See ECF No. 1 (“Compl.”) at 1–2. He alleges that he suffered injuries when he
slipped and fell on a sidewalk outside a Post Office in the District of Columbia. Id. ¶¶ 16–17.
He seeks $1 million in compensatory damages. Id. at 13. Plaintiff alleges negligence due to lack
of sidewalk maintenance, which he believes was motivated by “racism and apathy.” Id. ¶ 24–34.
On August 12, 2016, the District of Columbia filed a motion to dismiss under Federal
Rule of Civil Procedure 12(b). ECF No. 9. On December 16, 2016, Federal Defendants also
filed a motion to dismiss under Rule 12(b). ECF No. 16. On January 27, 2017, the Court
informed Plaintiff of his obligation to respond these motions, providing a deadline of March 3,
2017. See ECF No. 18 at 2. He was advised of the potential consequence of dismissal should he
fail to respond. See id. Instead of filing an opposition, on March 1, 2017, Plaintiff filed his first
motion to appoint counsel. ECF No. 19.
On April 6, 2017, the Court denied Plaintiff’s motion to appoint counsel. See ECF No.
20. At the same time, the Court extended Plaintiff’s opposition deadline to May 15, 2017. See
id at 2. On April 12, 2017, Plaintiff filed a “Renewed Motion for an Enlargement of Time to File
a Formal Response(s) to Defendant(s)[’] . . . Frivolous Motion(s) to Dismiss Plaintiff’s
Complaint(s).” ECF No. 21 at 2. He also filed a “Motion to Immediately Remove [Defense]
Attorneys.” ECF No. 22 at 2. On May 3, 2017, the Court issued a Minute Order granting
Plaintiff’s motion for an extension of time, allowing him an additional month to file his
oppositions no later than June 16, 2017, or, as previously advised, risk summary dismissal. That
same day, the Court issued a second Minute Order denying Plaintiff’s motion to remove
Defendants’ attorneys as “baseless.” On May 12, 2017, Plaintiff moved to vacate both Minute
Orders and requested transfer of the case to the District of Maryland. ECF No. 24. On June 26,
2017, Plaintiff then filed a renewed motion to vacate the two Minute Orders. ECF No. 28.
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On September 18, 2017, the case was directly reassigned to the undersigned. And on
March 7, 2018, the Court issued a Memorandum Opinion and Order: (1) granting the District of
Columbia’s motion to dismiss in its entirety, (2) granting Federal Defendants’ motion to dismiss
as to Counts Two and Four (for violations of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 and the Fourteenth
Amendment, respectively) but denying the motion as to Counts One and Three (for negligence
and intentional infliction of emotion distress, respectively), and (3) denying Plaintiff’s motions to
vacate and requests to transfer the case. See ECF No. 29. Plaintiff appealed these decisions to
the District of Columbia Circuit.1 See ECF No. 30.
Meanwhile, on April 2, 2018, the Court ordered that Federal Defendants answer the
complaint. See Min. Order of Apr. 2, 2018. On August 29, 2018, Federal Defendants filed an
answer. ECF No. 35. An Initial Scheduling Conference (“ISC”) was scheduled for October 2,
2018, and the parties were ordered to meet and confer and to submit a joint report pursuant to
Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 26(f) and Local Rule 16.3 in anticipation of that conference. See
Min. Order of Aug. 30, 2018. On September 24, 2018, Federal Defendants filed a motion for an
extension of time to file the joint report, ECF No. 38, indicating that, despite their efforts to
contact Plaintiff by letter and telephone, he had not responded to their requests to meet and
confer in advance of the ISC. To date, he has not provided an email address to the Court or
opposing counsel. See id. ¶ 3.
On September 25, 2018, the Court issued an Order rescheduling the ISC for November 8,
2018. ECF No. 40. In the same Order, the Court noted that Plaintiff’s conduct violated the prior
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On January 29, 2019, the District of Columbia Circuit (1) denied Plaintiff’s request for
reasonable and meaningful accommodations, (2) denied Plaintiff’s request for transfer and
mandamus relief, and (3) dismissed the appeal for lack of prosecution for failure to address the
arguments raised in Federal Defendants’ filings. See Muhammad v. United States, No. 18-5103
(D.C. Cir. Jan. 29, 2019) (per curiam).
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Minute Order of August 30, 2018. See id. at 1. The parties were again instructed to meet and
confer and to submit a joint report, and Plaintiff was specifically directed to promptly contact
opposing counsel to begin the meet-and-confer process. See id. He was also explicitly warned
that if he failed to meet and confer, or to attend the rescheduled ISC, the matter may be
dismissed for want of prosecution or for violation of the Court’s orders. See id.
On October 10, 2018, Plaintiff filed his Fourth Renewed Motion for Reasonable and
Meaningful Accommodations, for Appointment of Counsel, and to Transfer the Case (“Fourth
Combined Motion”). ECF No. 41. On November 1, 2018, Federal Defendants filed another
motion for an extension of time to file a joint status report in advance of the rescheduled ISC,
ECF No. 42, reporting that Plaintiff had once again failed to respond in any manner to their
repeated attempts to contact him. The Court issued Orders on November 5, 2018, ECF No. 43,
and December 6, 2018, Min. Order of Dec. 6, 2018, vacating the ISC and waiving the
requirement to submit a joint statement. Based on the circumstances, the Court directed Federal
Defendants to respond to Plaintiff’s Fourth Combined Motion and to file a motion to dismiss for
failure to prosecute, if they were so inclined. See ECF No. 43; Min. Order of Dec. 6, 2018. In
these Orders, the Court once again highlighted Plaintiff’s lack of compliance and the attendant
consequences. See ECF No. 43, Min. Order of Dec. 6, 2018.
Federal Defendants filed the instant motion to dismiss for lack of prosecution and non-
compliance, ECF No. 45 (“MTD”), on December 17, 2018. On December 29, 2018, Plaintiff
filed a response to the Court’s Orders of November 5 and December 6, 2018, combined with a
Fifth Renewed Motion for Reasonable and Meaningful Accommodations, for Appointment of
Counsel, and to Transfer the Case (“Fifth Combined Motion”). See ECF No. 46. On December
31, Plaintiff filed a motion to strike, apparently directed at Federal Defendants’ motion to
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dismiss. See ECF No. 49 (“MTS”). On January 2, 2019, the Court again advised Plaintiff of his
obligations to specifically respond to Federal Defendants’ pending motion to dismiss, providing
him with a deadline of January 16, 2019. ECF No. 48. On January 31, 2019, Plaintiff filed a
response to the Court’s Order of January 2, 2019 (“Second Response”). See ECF No. 50.
II. Legal Standard
Under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 41(b), “[i]f the plaintiff fails to prosecute or to
comply with [the Federal Rules] or a court order, a defendant may move to dismiss the action or
any claim against it.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 41(b); see also LCvR 83.23 (“A dismissal for failure to
prosecute may be ordered by the Court upon motion by an adverse party, or upon the Court’s
own motion.”).2 “A Rule 41(b) dismissal is proper if, in view of the entire procedural history of
the case, the litigant has not manifested reasonable diligence in pursuing the cause.” Bomate v.
Ford Motor Co., 761 F.2d 713, 714 (D.C. Cir. 1985) (per curiam). Dismissal may be supported
by “evidence in the record of ‘bad faith, deliberate misconduct, or tactical delay.’” Gardner v.
United States, 211 F.3d 1305, 1309 (D.C. Cir. 2000) (quoting Trakas v. Quality Brands, Inc.,
759 F.2d 185, 188 (D.C. Cir. 1985)).
The D.C. Circuit has further held that the considerations relevant to the determination of
a Rule 41(b) motion include: (1) the effect of a plaintiff’s conduct on the court’s docket, (2)
whether the defendant has been prejudiced by the plaintiff’s conduct, and (3) whether deterrence
“is necessary to protect the integrity of the judicial system.” Bristol Petroleum Corp. v. Harris,
901 F.2d 165, 167 (D.C. Cir. 1990) (citation omitted). A malfeasant party places a severe burden
on the judicial system if “the court [is required] to expend considerable judicial resources in the
2
Under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 16(f)(1), the Court also may levy sanctions against a
party, including dismissal, for failing to appear at a scheduling conference or for failing to obey a
pretrial order. See Freedom Watch, Inc. v. U.S. Dep’t of State, 324 F.R.D. 20, 23 (D.D.C. 2018).
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future in addition to those it has already wasted.” Gardner, 211 F.3d at 1309 (citations omitted)
(first alteration in original).
“The court’s authority to dismiss a case for failure to prosecute or failure to follow the
court’s orders is not discarded simply because a plaintiff is proceeding pro se.” Allen v. United
States, 277 F.R.D. 221, 223 (D.D.C. 2011). Although a pro se plaintiff is afforded leeway in
prosecuting his case, “such leeway does not constitute a license for a plaintiff filing pro se to
ignore the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure,” a court’s local rules, or a court’s orders. See
Moore v. Robbins, 24 F. Supp. 3d 88, 97 (D.D.C. 2014) (internal quotation marks omitted).
III. Analysis
The Court will first address Plaintiff’s pending motions and filings before proceeding to
Federal Defendants’ motion to dismiss.
A. Plaintiff’s Pending Motions & Filings
1. Plaintiff’s Fourth Combined Motion
In his Fourth Combined Motion, which was partly addressed in the Court’s Order of
November 5, 2018, see ECF No. 43, Plaintiff again requests “reasonable and meaningful
accommodations” and the appointment of counsel. See Fourth Combined Mot. ¶¶ 8–10, 20–23,
27–28, 30, 30–33. He also again requests that the Court transfer the action, either to the District
of Maryland or the Central District of California. See id. ¶¶ 4, 11.
Plaintiff claims that he is unable to meet and confer with the Federal Defendants because
he has visual, speech, and mobility impairments. Id. ¶¶ 7, 16, 21, 24. He does not explain why,
despite his clear ability to understand the Court’s orders and respond in writing to them, he is
nevertheless unable to respond in any way to Federal Defendants’ repeated attempts to contact
him, including by letter. See ECF No. 38 ¶¶ 2–3; ECF No. 39; ECF No. 42 ¶ 5; ECF No. 42-1.
Plaintiff has not demonstrated any difficulty with written correspondence or submissions. To the
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contrary, he has filed copious and lengthy documents in this matter. Thus, he has not shown that
he needs accommodations, regardless of whether he would even be entitled to them, to confer in
writing with opposing counsel, file a status report, or file an opposition to Federal Defendants’
motion to dismiss. Moreover, though he requests use of audio-visual technology at future oral
arguments, motions hearings, and trial, see Fourth Combined Mot. ¶ 8, those premature requests
do not bear on his ability to comply with the orders of the Court or the local rules at this stage of
the proceedings.
Plaintiff further indicates that the only way he can participate in an ISC is with appointed
counsel. And it appears that Plaintiff refuses to attend any ISC, remotely or otherwise, until his
ultimatum for appointment of counsel is met. Id. ¶¶ 27, 30–33. But the Court already denied
Plaintiff’s request for counsel, pursuant to the Order issued on April 6, 2017. See ECF No. 20.
And Plaintiff merely reiterates in his most recent request the same bases for the appointment of
counsel he provided in his initial motion. Compare ECF No. 19 ¶¶ 2, 4–5, 14, 21, with Fourth
Combined Mot. ¶¶ 8–10, 20–23, 27–28, 30, 32–33. The Court sees no reason to depart from its
initial determination now. As explained, civil litigants have neither a constitutional right nor a
statutory right to the assistance of counsel. See ECF No. 20 (citing Willis v. F.B.I., 274 F.3d 531,
532–33 (D.C. Cir. 2001)). Where, as here, a party is proceeding in forma pauperis, the Court
may appoint counsel if warranted upon consideration of the factors set forth in Local Civil Rule
83.11(b)(3). But having again considered those factors and the limited availability of pro bono
resources, the Court still finds, at the very least, that appointment of counsel is unwarranted prior
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to Plaintiff’s participation in the meet and confer process, attendance at an ISC, or resolving the
pending motion to dismiss.3
Lastly, the Court will again deny Plaintiff’s renewed request to transfer this matter. The
Court already denied Plaintiff’s requests to transfer this matter to the District of Maryland and
sees no reason to revisit that decision. See ECF No. 29 at 2 n.2. Because the incident giving rise
to this action occurred in the District of Columbia, see Compl. ¶¶ 16–17, the Court found that
venue is proper in the District of Columbia, see ECF No. 29 at 2 n.2. And Plaintiff did not
provide any basis upon which this Court could transfer the case to Maryland. Id. (citing 28
U.S.C. §§ 1404, 1406). Plaintiff now again moves to transfer the case to either the District of
Maryland or the Central District of California, but he still fails to provide any basis justifying
either transfer.
Plaintiff admits that the relevant incident occurred in Washington, D.C. Id. ¶¶ 2, 4. In
large part, Plaintiff argues that this case should be transferred because he disagrees with the
fairness of this Court’s prior decisions, expressed in inflammatory, sweeping accusations levied
against this Court and others. See id. ¶¶ 1–6, 34–39. This is not a valid basis for transfer. See
Smith v. Yeager, 234 F. Supp. 3d 50, 55 (D.D.C. 2017) (outlining the factors to be considered
when a party moves to transfer venue). He also argues that, because he is “not a legal resident”
of the District of Columbia, venue is improper. Fourth Combined Mot. ¶ 4. But 28 U.S.C.
§ 1402(b) specifically provides that “[a]ny civil action on a tort claim against the United States
3
The Court further notes that Federal Defendants in their first motion to dismiss only argued that
Plaintiff’s remaining counts—claims of negligence and intentional infliction of emotional
distress against Federal Defendants under the FTCA—should be dismissed because they were
time-barred. See ECF No. 16-1 at 5. They did not address the merits of Plaintiff’s claims. The
Court, however, has considerable doubts, in part made clear in the Court’s discussion of the
District of Columbia’s motion to dismiss the claims against it, see ECF No. 29 at 8–10, that
Plaintiff has stated claims upon which relief can be granted.
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under [the FTCA] may be prosecuted . . . in the judicial district . . . wherein the act or omission
complained of occurred.” Accordingly, Plaintiff’s Fourth Combined Motion will be denied.
2. Plaintiff’s Fifth Combined Motion, Second Response, and Motion to
Strike
Plaintiff’s Fifth Combined Motion, Second Response, and motion to strike all duplicate
the requests for relief contained within the Fourth Combined Motion. He also makes one
additional argument—namely, that he has not received Federal Defendants’ motion to dismiss.
See, e.g., Fifth Combined Mot. at 9–10; Second Response at 4–9; MTS at 5–8. But this new
allegation is similarly without merit.
To the extent Plaintiff seeks to strike Federal Defendants’ motion to dismiss on the
ground that they failed to properly serve the motion on him, see Second Response at 9, Plaintiff’s
argument must fail. As an initial matter, the Court notes that “motions to strike only apply to
pleadings,” Nwachukwu v. Rooney, 362 F. Supp. 2d 183, 190 (D.D.C. 2005) (citing Fed. R. Civ.
P. 12(f)), and Federal Defendants’ motion to dismiss is not a pleading as defined in Federal Rule
of Civil Procedure 7(a). Moreover, none of the bases for striking a pleading under Rule 12(f)—
raising “an insufficient defense or any redundant, immaterial, impertinent, or scandalous
matter”—appear to include failure to properly serve a party with that pleading.
Nonetheless, even if Federal Defendants’ motion were subject to a motion to strike and
failure to properly serve was a proper ground to strike that motion, Plaintiff’s allegations have no
merit. Despite his contentions to the contrary, Federal Defendants have in fact attached signed
certificates of service with all of their filings, including the motion to dismiss. See ECF 45-1.
The certificate accompanying Federal Defendants’ motion to dismiss avers that the motion was
mailed to the Plaintiff at his address of record. Id. Indeed, Plaintiff does not dispute that the
Rockville address is correct. See, e.g., Fourth Combined Mot. at 16; Fifth Combined Mot. at 10.
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Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 5(b)(2)(C) states that proper service is accomplished by
“mailing [a copy] to the person’s last known address—in which event service is complete upon
mailing.” Service is deemed complete at the moment the document is properly posted and
deposited for mailing. United States v. Kennedy, 133 F.3d 53, 59 (D.C. Cir. 1998). Under Rule
5(b), Federal Defendants are only obligated to show that they mailed a copy of the motion to
Plaintiff, and not that he actually received it. Id.
Furthermore, the Court notes that Plaintiff has acknowledged Federal Defendants’ efforts
to serve him with documents by mail. In October 2018, Plaintiff stated that Federal Defendants
are “constantly trying to send him mail,” but that he takes umbrage with some of their attempts
to send him mail via certified, restricted, or registered delivery. Fourth Combined Mot. ¶ 35. He
then describes his intention to reject any future mailings and to instruct the Postal Service to
return them to the senders. See id. This behavior is tantamount to intentional evasion of service.
Beyond his claim that he never received Federal Defendants’ motion, Plaintiff in these
filings merely reiterates the arguments for accommodations, to appoint counsel, and to transfer
the case that he made in his Fourth Combined Motion—arguments the Court has already
addressed— and thus the Court will deny Plaintiff’s Fifth Combined Motion, his motion to
strike, and the requests he makes in his Second Response to the Court.
B. Federal Defendants’ Motion to Dismiss
Turning finally to Federal Defendants’ motion to dismiss, Federal Defendants seek
dismissal of the action under Rule 41(b) based on Plaintiff’s repeated failures to comply with the
Court’s orders and both the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure and this Court’s local rules. MTD
at 1. They also highlight Plaintiff’s refusal to respond to their efforts to confer over the course
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of several months. Id. at 7. As to Federal Defendants’ characterization of Plaintiff’s conduct,
the Court finds that the record in this matter, as examined in more detail below, speaks for itself.
Plaintiff has exhibited a pattern of disregard, and at times has outright flouted the Court’s
orders. This pattern began as early as March 2017 and has continued and intensified to date. He
has failed to heed numerous warnings regarding the consequences of failing to comply with such
orders. See, e.g., ECF No. 18 (Jan. 27, 2017), ECF No. 20 (Apr. 6, 2017); Min. Order of May 3,
2017; ECF No. 40 (Sept. 25, 2018); ECF No. 43 (Nov. 5, 2018); ECF No. 48 (Jan. 2, 2019).
And he has made no effort to communicate responsively or cooperatively with the Court or
opposing counsel and has declined to genuinely litigate this case. See MTD at 7–8 (citing
examples).
As Federal Defendants outline in their motion to dismiss, Plaintiff has, in particular,
failed to comply with any of the Court’s directives or the applicable federal and local rules
regarding advancing this litigation forward following the resolution of Federal Defendants’ first
motion to dismiss. On August 30, 2018, after Federal Defendants answered Plaintiff’s remaining
claims, the Court entered a Minute Order scheduling an ISC and ordering the parties “to meet,
confer, and submit a joint report pursuant to FRCP 26(f) and Local Rule 16.3.” On September
25, 2018, Federal Defendants filed a motion seeking an extension of time to file the joint report,
representing that counsel had called Plaintiff multiple times and had sent two letters to Plaintiff’s
address of record but received no response. See ECF No. 38 ¶¶ 2–3. Accordingly, the Court
entered an order rescheduling the ISC and stating:
Plaintiff shall promptly contact counsel for the remaining
Defendants . . . to begin the meet-and-confer process. Plaintiff is
warned that, if he fails to meet and confer with the remaining
Defendants, or if he fails to attend the scheduling conference on
November 8, 2018, this case may be dismissed for want of
prosecution or for violation of the Court’s orders.
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ECF No. 40 at 1–2. Rather than heed those instructions, on October 10, 2018, Plaintiff instead
filed his Fourth Combined Motion, in which he states his outright refusal to attend scheduling
conferences based on his dissatisfaction that the case was not transferred or that counsel was not
appointed.
On November 1, 2018, Federal Defendants filed another motion seeking an extension of
time to file a joint report, again representing that they had attempted to contact Plaintiff at his
Maryland address, as Plaintiff has specifically requested, but received no response. See ECF No.
42. Accordingly, the Court vacated the ISC, noted Plaintiff’s continued failure to comply with
the Court’s orders, and instructed Federal Defendants, if they believed the action should be
dismissed under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 41(b), to file a motion for dismissal. ECF No.
43. In response to that order, Plaintiff filed his Fifth Combined Motion, once again requesting
accommodations, the appointment of counsel, and transfer of the case. See ECF No. 46. But he
still fails to explain why, despite his ability to file multiple, lengthy motions and the Court’s
observation that such conduct indicates he should be able to participate at least to some degree in
the meet-and-confer process, see ECF No. 43 at 1, Plaintiff was unable to respond in any respect
to Federal Defendants’ repeated attempts to contact him.
On January 15, 2019, after the Court instructed Plaintiff to respond to Federal
Defendants’ motion or risk dismissal of the action, Plaintiff filed a response in which he claimed
that he had not received a copy of Federal Defendants’ motion. See Second Response at 4. As
already explained, the Court is skeptical of that claim, particularly given Plaintiff’s previous
suggestions that he would reject any attempt to serve filings on him by mail. See Fourth
Combined Mot. ¶ 35. But regardless, Plaintiff asserts that he has been informed of the contents
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of the motion,4 and in his own filing, he does substantively respond to Federal Defendants’
arguments for dismissal, disputing their representations that they had attempted to contact him
and further noting that dismissal without prejudice, as they recommended, would bar him from
refiling in a different district due to the statute of limitations. See Second Response at 6; MTS at
5–6. Plaintiff offers no evidence that either supports his contention that Federal Defendants did
not try to contact him or rebuts their documentation that shows otherwise. See ECF No. 39-1,
Ex. B (letters addressed to Plaintiff’s Rockville, Maryland address); ECF No. 42-1 (same). Nor
does Plaintiff describe any attempt of his own to contact Federal Defendants and work to move
the litigation forward.
In sum, Plaintiff fails to offer any credible or compelling response to Federal Defendants’
motion. Rather, his repeated filings have merely re-raised demands already denied by the Court.
He describes no attempts to comply with the Court’s instructions, and his repeated rebukes of the
Court’s orders have only obstructed the progress of this matter and prevented it from progressing
towards resolution. This behavior suggest that Plaintiff’s obduracy will merely continue and that
he has little interest in genuinely litigating his claims in this Court. For those reasons, the Court
finds that deterrence is required, and that this Court’s docket, already negatively affected, will
4
Specifically, Plaintiff states that he is in contact with “undisclosed individuals” who have
access to the Court’s electronic docket, and that those individuals have apprised him of the
contents of Federal Defendants’ motion. See Second Response at 5–6. Purportedly relying on
those sources, Plaintiff is able to cite to specific portions of the motion and offer arguments in
opposition. In fact, it appears his “undisclosed” sources have described the motion in such detail
that Plaintiff can accurately quote specific language from the motion. See id. at 6; MTS at 6
(both quoting MTD at 9 n.3). At bottom, even assuming arguendo that Plaintiff never received a
copy of the motion by mail, it is clear that he has been able to access it and meaningfully
respond. Furthermore, because the basis of Federal Defendants’ motion—Plaintiff’s failure to
comply with the Court’s directives and the federal and local rules—is conduct that this Court has
repeatedly pointed out to Plaintiff, he has had numerous opportunities to explain his failure to
comply.
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continue to be obstructed if this matter continues as it has. See Bristol Petroleum Corp., 901
F.2d at 167 (noting that courts should consider the “effect of a plaintiff’s dilatory or
contumacious conduct on the court’s docket” and “whether deterrence is necessary to protect the
integrity of the judicial system” when deciding whether to dismiss a case under Rule 41(b)).
As for an appropriate sanction, these circumstances strongly weigh in favor of dismissal
for failure to prosecute and to abide by this Court’s orders. The authority to dismiss suits has
long been recognized as “necessary in order to prevent undue delays in the disposition of
pending cases and to avoid congestion” in the courts. Link v. Wabash R.R. Co., 629–30 (1962);
see also Peterson v. Archstone Cmtys. LLC, 637 F.3d 416, 418 (D.C. Cir. 2011) (noting that
district courts have discretion to dismiss actions for failure to prosecute provided that they
explain why dismissal is necessary under the circumstances of the case).
Nonetheless, the Court is mindful of the Circuit’s directive that sanctions must be
proportionate to the misconduct and that “dismissal is a sanction of last resort to be applied only
after less dire alternatives have been explored without success.” Trakas, 759 F.2d at 186–87. To
mitigate the severity of dismissal, Federal Defendants’ suggest that the action be dismissed
without prejudice, in which case Plaintiff could refile his complaint in the District of Maryland
where he apparently wants to litigate this matter. See MTD at 9 n.3. But as Plaintiff rightly
points out, it appears that the statute of limitations has run on his remaining claims, see ECF No.
29 at 7–8; Second Response ¶ 6, and thus dismissal without prejudice would in effect serve as a
dismissal with prejudice. Although, for the reasons articulated, the Court finds that Plaintiff’s
conduct would otherwise warrant dismissal, the harshness of that sanction in this particular case
leads the Court to afford Plaintiff a final opportunity to comply with the Court’s instructions and
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litigate this case. Therefore, the Court will defer ruling on Federal Defendants’ motion to
dismiss. If Plaintiff fails to meet those obligations, this action will be dismissed promptly.
IV. Conclusion and Order
For all the foregoing reasons, it is hereby ORDERED that Plaintiff’s Fourth Combined
Motion, ECF No. 41, his Fifth Combined Motion, ECF No. 41, his Motion to Strike, ECF No.
49, and his requests for relief in his Second Response to the Court, ECF No. 50, are DENIED.
It is further ORDERED that the parties shall confer, whether in person, via telephone, or
thorough written correspondence, and submit a joint report pursuant to Federal Rule of Civil
Procedure 26(f) and Local Rule 16.3 no later than March 15, 2019, at which point the Court will
set a date for a scheduling conference. This is Plaintiff’s final opportunity to litigate this matter.
If Plaintiff fails to respond to Federal Defendants’ attempts to contact him or otherwise
neglects to meaningfully confer with Federal Defendants or participate in the filing of a
joint report before the March 15 deadline, for the reasons explained in this opinion,
Federal Defendants’ Motion to Dismiss for Lack of Prosecution, ECF No. 45, will be
granted, and this action will be dismissed.
/s/ Timothy J. Kelly
TIMOTHY J. KELLY
United States District Judge
Date: February 15, 2019
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