State v. Smith ( 2023 )

SUPERIOR COURT
OF THE
STATE OF DELAWARE
CRAIG A. KARSNITZ, SUSSEX COUNTY COURTHOUSE
RESIDENT JUDGE 1 THE CIRCLE, SUITE 2
GEORGETOWN, DE 19947
TELEPHONE (302) 856-5263
August 7, 2023
Unique Smith
SBI #00792804
James T. Vaughn Correctional Center
1181 Paddock Road
Smyrna, DE 19977
Re: State of Delaware v. Unique Smith, Def. ID No. 2009007545
Rule 61 Motion for Postconviction Relief
Motion for Appointment of Postconviction Counsel
Dear Mr. Smith:
On October 6, 2021, after a colloquy with me, you entered a guilty plea to
charges of Manslaughter and Possession of a Firearm During the Commission of a
Felony (“PFDCF”). On November 29, 2021, I sentenced you to 25 years at Level 5
for the Manslaughter offense, suspended after 12 years for decreasing levels of
supervision, and 25 years at Level 5 for the PFDCF offense, suspended after 10 years
for decreasing levels of supervision.
On February 17, 2022, you timely filed a Motion for Reduction of Sentence
(the “Sentence Motion”) under Superior Court Criminal Rule 35(b), asking that I
reduce your Level 5 time to between 8 and 12 years. On April 18, 2002, I denied this
Sentence Motion, and the Delaware Supreme Court affirmed my decision on March
1, 2023.
On July 24, 2023, you filed your first pro se Motion for Postconviction Relief
(the “Motion”) with me under Delaware Superior Court Criminal Rule 61. In the
Motion, you make certain allegations about ineffective assistance of counsel with
respect to your representation by Benjamin S. Gifford, IV, Esquire (“Trial
Counsel”), namely that he didn’t advise you that the video footage of the crime was
inconclusive, thereby creating a strong inference that you are actually innocent in
fact of the acts underlying the charges to which you pled guilty.
On July 26, 2023, you filed a Motion for Appointment of Postconviction
Counsel (the “PCC Motion”) in connection with the Motion.
A threshold issue is whether the Motion is barred under one or more of the
four (4) procedural bars of Rule 61.1 If a procedural bar exists, as a general rule I
will not address the merits of the Motion.2 The Motion can be barred for time
1
Ayers v. State, 802 A.2d 278, 281 (Del.2002) (citing Younger v. State, 580 A.2d 552, 554 (Del.
1990)).
2
Bradley v. State, 135 A.3d 748 (Del 2016); State v. Page, 2009 WL 1141738, at*13 (Del. Super.
April 28, 2009).
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limitations, successive motions, failure to raise claims below, or former
adjudication.3
First, a Motion exceeds time limitations if it is filed more than one (1) year after
the conviction becomes final.4 In this case, your conviction became final thirty (30)
days after sentencing,5 or December 29, 2021. Since your Motion was filed much
more than year after that date, it is barred by the one-year limitation.
Second, second or subsequent motions are not permitted unless certain
conditions are satisfied.6 Since this is your first Motion, consideration of the Motion
is not barred by this provision.
Third, grounds for relief “not asserted in the proceedings leading to the
judgment of conviction” are barred unless certain conditions are satisfied.7 You do
not assert new claims which were not raised at trial. Therefore, consideration of the
Motion is not barred for “matters not asserted” below.
Fourth, grounds for relief formerly adjudicated in the case, including
“proceedings leading to the judgment of conviction, in an appeal, in a post-conviction
proceeding, or in a federal habeas corpus hearing” are barred.8 Your claim pertains
3
Super. Ct. Crim. R. 61(i).
4
Super. Ct. Crim. R. 61(m)(1).
5
Super. Ct. Crim. R. 61(i)(1).
6
Super. Ct. Crim. R. 61(i)(2).
7
Super. Ct. Crim. R. 61(i)(3).
8
Super. Ct. Crim. R. 61(i)(4).
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to the alleged ineffective assistance of counsel. It is well-settled Delaware law that,
as collateral claims, ineffective assistance of counsel claims are properly raised for
the first time in postconviction proceedings.9 Thus, this bar would not apply.
The one-year bar does not apply, however, if the Motion “pleads with
particularity that new evidence exists that creates a strong inference that that the
movant is actually innocent in fact of the acts underlying the charges of which he
was convicted.”10 Your claim of ineffective assistance of counsel relates to this
exception, and I discuss it more fully below.
With respect to your PCC Motion, since you entered a guilty plea, Rule 61
provides that I may appoint postconviction counsel for you only if I determine that:
(i) the conviction has been affirmed by final order upon direct appellate review or
direct appellate review is unavailable; (ii) the motion sets forth a substantial claim
that the movant received ineffective assistance of counsel in relation to the plea of
guilty or nolo contendere; (iii) granting the motion would result in vacatur of the
judgment of conviction for which the movant is in custody; and (iv) specific
exceptional circumstances warrant the appointment of counsel.11 In this case, and as
9
State v. Schofield, 2019 WL 103862, at *2 (Del. Super. January 3, 2019); Thelemarque v. State,
2016 WL 556631, at *3 (Del. Feb. 11, 2016) (“[T]his Court will not review claims of ineffective
assistance of counsel for the first time on direct appeal.”); Watson v. State, 2013 WL 5745708, at
*2 (Del. Oct. 21, 2013) (“It is well-settled that this Court will not consider a claim of ineffective
assistance that is raised for the first time in a direct appeal.”).
10
Super. Ct. Crim. R. 61(i)(5), referring to Super. Ct. Crim. R. 61(d)(2)(i).
11
Super. Ct. Crim. R. 61(e)(3).
4
discussed more fully below, I do not find that the Motion sets forth a substantial
claim that you received ineffective assistance of counsel in relation to your plea of
guilty, nor do I find specific exceptional circumstances. Moreover, none of the other
grounds for appointment of postconviction counsel apply. I therefore deny your PCC
Motion.
With respect to the central claim of your Motion, you assert that the video
footage of the crime was inconclusive, that Trial Counsel kept that fact from you,
that you only learned about the inconclusive video footage during the pendency of
your Sentence Motion, and that had you known about the inconclusive video footage
you might not have pled guilty. Rule 61 requires that your Motion plead with
particularity that new evidence exists that creates a strong inference that you are
actually innocent in fact of the acts underlying the charges to which you pled guilty
(emphasis supplied). You do not plead this with particularity. Rather, you make
conclusory generalizations and speculation about the video footage without any
specific evidence, ignoring the other evidence against you. Nor is this evidence
“new” – the video has been a central piece of evidence since the beginning of your
case. It follows a fortiori that Trial Counsel cannot be ineffective for “keeping the
video from you,” when all parties were aware of the video and the video’s contents.
For these reasons, the “new evidence” exception does not apply, and your
Motion is barred by the one-year limitation.
5
Your Motion is therefore DENIED.
Very truly yours,
/s/ Craig A. Karsnitz
cc: Prothonotary’s Office
Michael Tipton, Esquire, Deputy Attorney General
6