Miller v. State , 2015 Fla. App. LEXIS 15347 ( 2015 )

NOT FINAL UNTIL TIME EXPIRES TO FILE REHEARING
MOTION AND, IF FILED, DETERMINED
IN THE DISTRICT COURT OF APPEAL
OF FLORIDA
SECOND DISTRICT
WILFRED PAUL MILLER, )
)
Appellant, )
)
v. ) Case No. 2D14-3728
)
STATE OF FLORIDA, )
)
Appellee. )
___________________________________ )
Opinion filed October 16, 2015.
Appeal pursuant to Fla. R. App. P.
9.141(b)(2) from the Circuit Court for Polk
County; John K. Stargel, Judge.
Wilfred Paul Miller, pro se.
SALARIO, Judge.
Wilfred Paul Miller filed a motion under Florida Rule of Criminal Procedure
3.800(a) alleging that four of his six sentences arising from various child sexual offenses
were illegal because they exceeded the applicable statutory maximum sentences for
those offenses. The postconviction court denied the motion reasoning that Miller's
sentences were legal because they were the lowest permissible sentences under the
criminal punishment code. See § 921.002, Fla. Stat. (2014). That decision was
mistaken because Miller's offenses predate the criminal punishment code, and as a
result, the code does not apply to his sentences. Miller appeals the order denying his
motion, and we are thus required to reverse and remand for reconsideration.
On January 5, 1998, Miller was sentenced after pleading guilty to one
count of sexual battery on a child, one count of attempted sexual battery on a child, and
four counts of committing a lewd, lascivious, or indecent assault or act upon or in the
presence of a child. The two sexual battery offenses were first-degree felonies for
which Miller received probationary split sentences of ten years in prison followed by ten
years of probation. The lewd or lascivious offenses were second-degree felonies for
which Miller received probationary split sentences of five years in prison followed by ten
years of probation. All sentences were to run concurrently.
About nine years later, on March 28, 2007, Miller was sentenced for these
offenses anew after his probation was revoked. This time, the sentencing court
imposed a separate twenty-year sentence on each of the six counts with all sentences
to run concurrently. Roughly seven years after that, on June 19, 2014, he filed a rule
3.800(a) motion to correct his sentence. Miller's motion stated that he was not
challenging the two twenty-year sentences he received for the sexual battery and
attempted sexual battery offenses. He alleged instead that the twenty-year sentences
on the four lewd or lascivious counts were illegal because they exceeded the fifteen-
year statutory maximum for second-degree felonies. See § 775.082(3)(c), Fla. Stat.
(1988).1
1
The versions of section 775.082(3)(c) in effect when Miller alleges the
offenses occurred range from 1988 to 1995. The statutory maximum for second-degree
felonies set in section 775.082(3)(c) remained fifteen years at all times relevant to this
appeal.
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The postconviction court denied Miller's motion. It determined that the
lowest permissible sentence under the criminal punishment code for lewd or lascivious
assault or act involving a child was twenty years. It then applied the rule that when the
lowest permissible sentence under the code exceeds the applicable statutory maximum
sentence, the lowest permissible sentence under the code must be imposed. See §
921.0024(2), Fla. Stat. (1998); Fla. R. Crim. P. 3.704(d)(25); Perkins v. State, 123 So.
3d 678, 678 (Fla. 2d DCA 2013). Because Miller's sentences were the lowest
permissible sentences under the code, the postconviction court held that they were
legal sentences and, as a result, that Miller was not entitled to relief under rule 3.800(a).
The difficulty with the postconviction court's reasoning is that Miller was
never subject to sentencing under the criminal punishment code. By its terms, the code
applies only to "felony offenses, except capital felonies, committed on or after October
1, 1998." § 921.002. It does not apply to offenses committed before its October 1,
1998, effective date. See Gautreaux v. State, 95 So. 3d 1012, 1014 (Fla. 2d DCA
2012). It is clear from the face of our record that Miller was initially sentenced on
January 5, 1998. It is thus equally clear from our record that Miller's offenses occurred
before the criminal punishment code became effective.
When the sentencing court sentenced Miller a second time after revoking
his probation in March 2007, it was authorized by statute only to impose a sentence it
might have imposed when Miller was initially sentenced. See § 948.06(2)(b),(e), Fla.
Stat. (2006); see also Savage v. State, 120 So. 3d 619, 623 (Fla. 2d DCA 2013). It had
no authority to impose a sentence that was not available for Miller's offenses at the
initial sentencing. See Finney v. State, 9 So. 3d 741, 744 (Fla. 2d DCA 2009); see also
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Hopkins v. State, 711 So. 2d 603, 604 (Fla. 1st DCA 1998) (reversing seventeen-year
sentence imposed after defendant violated probation after conviction for lewd or
lascivious act upon a child where the maximum allowable sentence at the time of the
offense was fifteen years). Because Miller's offenses occurred before the effective date
of the criminal punishment code, the postconviction court could not properly rely on the
code as authorization for the sentences he received for those offenses.
Miller's rule 3.800(a) motion was facially sufficient. Because the
postconviction court's reasons for denying that motion were mistaken as a legal matter,
we are required to reverse. However, we cannot determine from the limited appellate
record—which consists only of Miller's motion, the postconviction court's order, and a
handful of attachments—whether the twenty-year sentences on the four lewd or
lascivious counts were in fact illegal as Miller now asserts. Accordingly, we must
remand for reconsideration of his motion by the postconviction court.
On remand, the postconviction court shall determine whether the face of
the sentencing court record demonstrates that it was illegal for the sentencing court to
impose sentences in excess of the statutory maximum for Miller's four lewd or lascivious
offenses.2 See Johnson v. State, 60 So. 3d 1045, 1049-50 (Fla. 2011) (holding that rule
2
To the extent that Miller also asserted that his sentences are illegal
because a defendant who violates probation on a true split sentence is protected by the
double jeopardy clause from the imposition of a sentence upon revocation that exceeds
the suspended portion of the split sentence or the aggregate of the original sentence,
the record supports the denial of that claim without further consideration by the
postconviction court. The record demonstrates that Miller received a probationary split
sentence, not a true split sentence. See Moore v. Stephens, 804 So. 2d 575, 577 (Fla.
5th DCA 2002) ("A 'true' split sentence consists of a total period of confinement with part
of that confinement suspended. . . . In contrast, a 'probationary' split sentence involves
a period of incarceration followed by a period of probation."). When a defendant
receives a probationary split sentence, "resentencing to a greater prison term upon
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3.800(a) allows correction of "sentencing errors that may be identified on the face of the
record" and that "no evidentiary hearing is allowed" (quoting Williams v. State, 957 So.
2d 600, 612 (Fla. 2007); Brooks v. State, 969 So. 2d 238, 242 (Fla. 2007))). In that
regard, Miller's motion alleged that the sentencing court record demonstrates that three
of these offenses occurred between 1988 and 1992, while the fourth occurred in 1996.
What the sentencing court record reflects about when Miller's offenses occurred will
necessarily inform whether the sentencing court could have imposed sentences under
those guidelines that exceeded the statutory maximum. See Floyd v. State, 721 So. 2d
1163, 1164 (Fla. 1998) (holding that under the 1994 amendments to the sentencing
guidelines, "if the guidelines sentence—i.e., the 'true' recommended guidelines
sentence—exceeds the statutory maximum, the court is authorized to impose the
guidelines sentence"); Mays v. State, 717 So. 2d 515, 516 (Fla. 1998) ("Prior to 1994, a
court could not impose a guidelines sentence outside the statutory limits."); Cutts v.
State, 903 So. 2d 310, 311 (Fla. 2d DCA 2005) (discussing preparation of separate
scoresheets where multiple offenses occurred when differing versions of the guidelines
prevailed). The postconviction court shall attach to its order deciding Miller's motion
copies of those portions of the sentencing court record upon which it relies in reaching
its decision. See generally White v. State, 72 So. 3d 802, 802 (Fla. 1st DCA 2011).
Reversed; remanded with instructions.
MORRIS and BLACK, JJ., Concur.
violation of probation does not violate double jeopardy or any other constitutional
provisions." State v. Wayne, 531 So. 2d 160, 161 (Fla. 1988) (citing Poore v. State, 531
So. 2d 161, 163-64, 165 (Fla. 1988)).
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